Purezidhendi weUnited States ane basa rimwe muhurumende yeAmerica, achibatira panguva imwe cheteyo somusoro wehurumende uye mukuru wehurumende. Uku kukwanisa kuviri kunopa mumiriri nzvimbo yakafara yebumbiro remitemo, dare, uye masimba asina kurongwa anoumba gadziriro yemhuri, ukama hwedzimwe nyika, uye midziyo yekotsekano yenyika. Kunzwisisa masimba apurezidhendi nemabasa anokosha kwete bedzi nokuda kwavadzidzi vehurumende asi nokuda kwomugari wemo upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa kuti chiremera chehurumende chinoshandiswa sei, chakaganhurirwa, uye chakava nemhaka yenhau. Chigaro chazvino uno chakabva zvikuru kubva kugadziriro yapakuvamba yemiitiro, kukura nokupesvedzera kwenhau, vamiriri vemitemo, uye kududzira dare. Nyaya inopa kunzvera masimba ehurumende, zvirongwa zvinoshanda, zvirongwa zvinoiswa nechiremera zvehurumende zvinodzokororo, uye kudzorwa kwesimba rehurumende.

Fandesheni yeBumbiro reMitemo: Chikamu II

Dare reMitemo reU.S. rinoronga masimba apurezidhendi muChikamu II, iro rinoisa pa"Simba guru" mumunhu mumwe. Kusafanana neChikamu I chakarongwa chemasimba esangano, Chikamu II chipfupi uye chakafara, kuchitungamirira kumazana amazana okududzira nokuwedzera. Vagadziri vakakurukura boka rakafanira rechiremera paGungano reMitemo yeMitemo, pakupedzisira vachitanga papurani inodzikamiswa simba rakadzikama nokutsunga mumukuru nokunzvera kubva kune mamwe mapazu. Zvikamu zvikuru zveChikamu II zvinosimbisa purezidhendi semutungamiriri wedare, vanopa simba rokukanganwira, vanobvumira kubvumira chibvumirano nezano redare redare, uye kubvumira dare kuti atarisire kuti mitemo ipedzwe nokutendeka. Chikamu chokupedzisira chapa dare chinenge chanzi chirevo chapa chirevo chakafara chekutungamirira, chikabatanidza kutungamirira kwemiraudzo yemitemo yemitemo.

Masimba apurezidhendi anogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvina zvikuru: vakuru vakuru, vatongi, uye nhau dzokumwe. Nzvimbo imwe neimwe ine zviremera zvakasiyana neganhuriro, uye imwe neimwe yakaumbwa nezvisarudzo zveDare Gurusa, mirau yedare, uye muitiro wenhau. Kunzwisisa izvi zvikamu zvinogovera gadziriro yokunzvera chiito chipi nechipi chapurezidhendi.

Masimba Ane Simba

Kutsigira Kuitwa Kwomutemo Kwokutendeka

Mutoro mukuru wapurezidhendi ndewokuvimbisa kuti mitemo yehurumende ya "inoitwa nokutendeka". Iyi murairo unopa purezidhendi chiremera chakafara pamusoro pehurumende, kubatanidza simba rokutungamirira misoro yesangano, kupa magwaro enhungamiro, uye kuisa mirau. purezidhendi anotarisira vashandi vakuru vanenge mamiriyoni maviri vehurumende uye vashandi vehondo vanoshingaira vane mamiriyoni 1,3. Kupfurikidza neHofisi yeMasangano eDziriro neHofisi yeZuva, purezidhendi anoronga miitiro nenzvero zviito kuti vasimbise kuti vawirirane nezvinoiswa pakutanga. Iri simba rakawedzera zvikuru chifo cheNheverevei yePuer Congressss aicerces kuisa chiremera chikuru kumasangano anotarisira.

Kugadzwa Nokubviswa Kwevakuru Vakuru

Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa purezidhendi simba rokugadza "Mahofisi eUnited States" nezano nokubvumirana kweDare. Ikoku kunobatanidza vanyori veCabinet, vakuru vesangano, vatongi vehurumende, uye vamiririri. Purezidhendi anogadzawo zviuru zvenzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzakaderera, kubatanidza mitezo yehurumende yemabhodhikiti nemibato. Simba rokubvisa, nepo risina kutaurwa zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo, rakasimbiswa naShonauni yeDare rapamusoro serakabhishopu yevakuru vakuru vehurumende. Zvisinei, Congress inogona kuisa miganhuro pakubviswa kwemasangano anozvimirira akadai seFederal Reserves kana kuti Securective Office. Mhaka yetsika ye [FGenec:0] Freegaten Fundv. Compast Councition Overst Board Board [F1]

Nhevedzo Dzine Varairidzi Nemirairidzo

Miraidzo yavakuru vakuru mirayiridzo yakarongwa kubva kuna purezidhendi kuenda kuhurumende pamusoro penzira yokushandisa nayo mitemo. Vanofanira kuiswa pasi peBumbiro remitemo kana kuti chiremera. Mapurezidhendi akashandisa mirairo yavakuru vakuru kugadza zvivako zvenyika, kudzora kubuda munyika, kuisa zvirango, uye kurongazve masangano ehurumende. Somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi Franklin D. Rooselt's Ordernce 9066 Grouption yakatenderwa nemitemo yeJapan mukati meHondo Yenyika II, gare gare gare gare vakashurikidzwa sekusaruramisira kukuru. Mirayiro yevakuru vakuru yakataura kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, chikwereti chavadzidzi, uye muganhu. Kunyange zvazvo zvirevo zvavakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende zvine simba, zvinogona kudzorwa napurezidhendi vateverwa nomutemo kana kuti kuganhurirwa, kana kuti kumiswa nematare edare remitemo renyika inotonga. [F.][0]

Mutungamiriri wemauto Nechiremera Chehondo

Chikamu II chinoita purezidhendi mukuru weCount-in-Chieff weBumbiro reHondo, Navy, uye masangano apo anodanwa kupinda basa rehurumende. Chiremera ichi chinopa purezidhendi udzori pamabasa ehondo, kuiswa kwemauto, uye zvisarudzo zvemubatanidzwa. Nepo Congress inoita simba rokuzivisa hondo, purezidhendi akatanga chiito chehondo pasina kuzivisa muzviitiko zvakawanda — kubatanidza Hondo yeKorea, Vietnam, uye rwisano dzinotevera muAfghanistantian ne Iraq. Chisarudzo cheHondo cheGenega yeGenezi chinoedza kuganhurira masimba apurezidhendi okuita hondo ane zvombo pasina kutenderwa kwomubatanidzwa, asi kukwikwikwikwidza kwayo nokushanda kwayo kunoramba kuripo. Purezidhendi weKo Vietnam anobvumirawo kuvhara mabasa kupfurikidza noruzivo rwenzanga, kuti aziviswe pasi pezvinodikanwa zveNational Security Act. [FT] The Clutionogtivetic Actives]

Masimba Omutemo

Simba Reveto

Chiremera chapurezidhendi chemitemo chakajeka zvikurusa igweta — simba rokuramba mabhiri anopfuudzwa neDare. Chikamu I, Chikamu 7 chinoda kuti chikwereti chiri chose chipfuudzwe kudzimba dzose dziri mbiri chiitwe kupurezidhendi, uyo angasaina mumutemo, achichibvumira kuva mutemo usina siginidzo pashure pemazuva gumi, kana kuti kuidzosa netsumo (kuramba nguva dzose). Voruzhinji vaviri vari mudzimba dzose dzinori dzinodikanwa kupfuudza muimba dzose, chikuva chakaitwa kashoma zvikuru. Mapurezidhendi anoshandisawo pahomwe mutengo mukati memazuva gumi okupa chirevo uye purezidhendi haasaiwiriranwa, mari inokundikana pasina mukana wokubvisa. Vetototooti inoshanda sechishandiso chine simba, chishandiso chinoitwa kuumba mutemo kuti chishandukuna chisvike. Chipo chakato chaPrezidhententeridhente Roveto anoto anowana kuto, kunyange hofisi yehofisi yePrezidhesitiridhesiti yePriti yePriti yePrizheriti yenji yePutu yenji yenji yenjinji ye

Nyika yeUnion and Legislative Agenda

Bumbiro reMitemo rinoda kuti purezidhendi ape "panguva nenguva Kupa Congress Information of the State of the Union" uye rinokurudzira matanho aanosarudza kuva ari madikanwa uye anoshanda. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvi zvakachinja kuva Hurumende yegore negore yeUnion, chinoitika chikuru chakaitwa nefoni apo purezidhendi anoronga zvokutanga zvemitemo. Kunyange zvazvo zvikarakadzo zvacho zvisati zvichibatanidza, mafaniro ehurukuro yedare renyika uye anogona kuita kuti vanhu vafunge. Mutungamiriri anopawo chikumbiro chemari chegore kuCongress, gwaro rine udzame hunoisa mwero yokushandisa yepurogiramu yose yomubatanidzwa wehurumende. Kunyange zvazvo Congressssss asingadi kutora bhajeti retsanai rezvikamu zvehurumende, rinogadza kurukurirano uye zviratidzo.

Ropafadzo Yakananga Nekurukurirano

Purezidhendi anoshandisawo pesvedzero yemitemo kupfurikidza neropafadzo yomukuru mukuru — maruramiro okunyima mashoko kuCongress nematare kudzivirira kuvanza zvakavanzika kwemabazu makuru. Simba iri, nepo risina kujeka muBumbiro reMitemo, rakazivikanwa neDare Rapamusorosoro mu United States v. Nixon [19974], kunyange zvazvo risina kukwana. Kuwedzera, mano apurezidhendi okukurukura nemitezo yeCongress, kupa tsigiro kana kuti chishoro, uye kushandisa chikuva chehofisi kuumba wirirano kuumba simba gurusa remitemo.

Masimba Okutonga

Kugadzwa kwaVatongi Vehurumende

Purezidhendi anogadza matare eDare gurusa uye vatongi kumatare ehurumende akaderera, nesimbiso inodikanwa. Uku kugadza kuri pakati pemirairo mitsva zvikurusa yapurezidhendi, sezvo vatongi vehurumende vanobatira mipimo yenduramo mumufambiro wakanaka. Kupfurikidza nokugadzwa kwokutonga, purezidhendi vanogona kuumba kududzira dudziro yeBumbiro reMitemo nemitemo yehurumende kwamakumi amakore pashure penhambo yavo. Somuenzaniso, kuumbwa kwepfungwa dzeDare reProtomhedhene kwachinja zvikuru nerangano itsva, inotapura mirairo pakubvisa pamuviri, mari yokuvhotera, kodzero dzokuvhotera, uye simba ravakuru vakuru vehurumende. Mutongi mukuru anogadza dare redare reruwa, Donald Troffant Trump agadza ruramisiro mitatu yeDare reSanihedhedritisvol. Anoendesazve basa dare renhau renyika yose renyika yose. Vatongi vanoparira kuva vatongi vazhinji vanotsigira zvikuru.

Maparoni Nemaparibhi

Kukanganwira kwapurezidhendi simba, kwakapiwa muChikamu II, Chikamu 2, chinobvumira kupiwa kwemhosva dzehurumende uye kukanganwirwa kwemhosva dzehurumende kunze kwenhau dzokusatenderwa. Iri simba rinodokuva rakatokwana chose chose — Dare Gurusa rakati harisi pasi pomutemo kana kuti hwirudzuro yedare (kunyange zvimwe nokuda kwemiganhu yemitemo). Pardons dzinogona kupiwa pamberi kana pashure pokutenderwa, uye dzingava dzinotsamira pako (g., dzinoda kugamuchirwa kwemamwe mashoko). Mapurezidhendi anoshandisawo kurapa mapoka amarudzi — seregeredzo yeRold Forald’s Richard Nixon — kana kuti kutongerwa kwavazhinji nokutenderwa kwemhosva. Muvambi mukuru wedare rinokanganwira anoregerera nokuda kwesimba gurusa rinova risingavaki. Murwi mukuru wehurumende anoregereki anorevesa anoregerera vanhu vose.

Masimba Enhau Dzokunze Kwenyika

Tsitsi Dzokubvumirana uye Zvibvumirano Zvamarudzi Ose

Purezidhendi ane chiremera chakakwana chokuita zvibvumirano namarudzi okumwe. Zvisinei, zvibvumirano zvinoda kusimbiswa nembiri dzezvibvumirano muDare zvisati zvava zvinobatira. Chinodikanwa ichi chakatungamirira purezidhendi kutsvaka zvimwe zvimiro zvezvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose izvo zvisingadi kuti Dare ritenderwe, zvakadai sezvibvumirano zvemibatanidzwa yehurumende nebvumirano inodzorwa. Zvibvumirano zvechiremera zvinoitwa pachiremera chapurezidhendi chose chose chose, nepo kubatana kwechibvumirano kunoda kutenderwa nedzakawanda dzedzimba dzose dziri mbiri. Zvibvumirano zvizhinjisakawanda zvezvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose zvamarudzi akawanda nhasi zvinotora chimiro chezvibvumirano zvemirayiro yehurumende, kubva kukuita zvibvumirano zvezvombo zvebhizimisi kuti zvidzoro zvehondo. Somuenzaniso, Iran inoita basa renyukireya (Inteclate Action) zvakaumbwa nechibvumirano chokudzorwa. Chibvumirano chakapesana chakava chakapesana nechibvumirano chamatongeri, chibvumirano chamatongeri chinoitwa nedare guru repamutemo, kunyange zvazvo zvichipfuudzodzodzodzodzososo chapamutemo.

Kugadza Nokuzivikanwa

Purezidhendi anogadza nhume, vashumiri, uye vamiririri vanodzorwa nedare. Ava vamiririri vemibatanidzwa inobatira senzwi rapurezidhendi mudzimbahwe redzimwe nyika namasangano amarudzi ose. Kubva pakugadzwa, purezidhendi ane simba raposesa rokuziva hurumende nehurumende dzokumwe. Kuziva chiito chapurezidhendi asina mumwe wehurumende chinopa chiremera uye chinoita kuti pave noukama hwemibatanidzwa. Somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi Barack Obama akadzorerwa ukama hwemibatanidzwa naCuba muna 2015 makumi amakore okuzviparadzanisa, apo Purezidhendi Donald Trump akatasundira dare reU. dare reU.S.S.

Kushandiswa Kweuto Rakaenda Kune Imwe Nyika

Somutungamiriri mukuru, purezidhendi anogona kuraira mauto kuti arwe pasina chiziviso chehondo. Iri simba rakashandiswa munhambo dzakawanda dzerwisano, kubva paBarbary War kuRepublic yapakuvamba kusvikira kuidzo ya2011 yeRibya. Simba reWar Powers Revotion ya1973 rinoda kuti purezidhendi azivise Congress mukati maawa 48 okuita mauto anorwisana uye kuganhurira kumira ku 60 (ne nhambo yezuva 30) isati yavapo chibvumirano kana kuti chiziviso chehondo. Zvisinei, purezidhendi ari wose chifo chokugadzwa kwake ave anopanikira pamutemo, uye kuzviisa pasi pemhiko. Somuenzaniso, nhimbe yamauto anorwisana naISuss mu2014 pamberi pekutaura zvakananga. Makurukota echiuto anodzoro anodzokororwa pamusoro pezviito zvehondo, zvikurukuru pamusoro pezviito zvokudzorwa kwechiito zvehondo.[5][5]

Macheki Nedzikamo Pasimba Roupurezidhendi

Kutarisira Kunoitwa Nevarwi

Dare rinotungamirira dare kupfurikidza nokutonga, kunzvera, zvikamu, uye simba rechikwama. House of Declarations inovamba mabhiridhi okushandisa, ichiipa simba guru pamusoro pezvinokosha. Dare rinogona kubvisa mirau inodzorwa, kuisa miganhu, uye kurayira zvapamutemo kuvakuru vakuru. Zano reDare redare uye basa rokubvuma nokuda kwokugadzwa uye zvibvumirano zvinopa imwe cheki. Kunzvera kwedare — zvakadai senzwi reWatergate, Iran-Contra, uye kunzvera murwi weCapitol — zvave zviri zvishandiso zvine simba zvokufumura mufambiro wehurumende. Chityisidziro chedare (chibvumirano pasi apa) chinoshandawo sechekero charo, kunyange zvazvo kusingawanzoshandiswa uye kuoma kwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kuhwirudzura Kutonga

Matare eFederal, zvikurukuru Dare rapamusorosoro, ane chiremera chokuzivisa zviito zvisina kurongwa zvapurezidhendi Harry Truman kana kuti kupfuura chiremera chomutemo. Mu vaduku vamahofisi REHEDHAUDHAU REPAURO RETURE . v. Sawyer (1952), Dare rakarova Porezidhenti Harry Truman, murayiro wedare wedare wedare wesimbi wokutora zvigaro zvesimbi mukati meHondo yeKorea, kugadza miganhuro yesimba ramabhinanta rama. Nhau yacho inoramba iri mutevero wokunzwisisa miganhuro yechiremera. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, Dare ratonga pamusoro pezviito zvokutama, ukubviswa kwesimba kwapurezidhendi wehurumende, uye miganhuro yesimba rekukanganwira simba. Gabhuro redare rinopanhau rinopa muganhu kudzokera shure shure, kunyange zvazvo zvichitora makore akawanda kumatare makuru, uye kudare rehurumende renyika.

Kurayira

Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa Imba yeVamiririri simba rimwe rokusatendera uye Dare simba rimwe rokuedza kudzosa. Purezidhendi, mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi, uye vakuru vakuru vose vehurumende veUnited States vanogona kupiwa musengwa nokuda kwe "Crimetics neMisdemeors" Mupimo washanduka kupfurikidza nokushandisa: kusateerera igadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika, kwete mubato wetsotsi, uye Imba yakadudzira "Crimes neMisdemior" kubatanidza kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba, kudzorwa kwefariro, uye kushambadzwa kwefariro yenyika. Mapurezidhendi matatu akapinzwa kupfurikidza nomutengi mukurusa weImba: Andrew Johnson (1868), Bill Clinton, uye Donald (astery, kaviri mu20191) akanzi asina kutongwa naRicharidhenteon anokanwa naRicharidheeri anoka, kunyange zvazvo akanga akakarirwa neadhia anokarirwa kudzorwa pamberi pekudzo inopfumiswa. Chiteshidzo chinoto chikuru chinoda kupfura zvikuru chinoda kupfura mhaka inoto i

Mafungiro Evanhu Nezvinoitwa Nevatongi

Zvichida nzvero hurusa pasimba rapurezidhendi muitiro weSangano. Mapurezidhendi anobatira mashoko amakore mana uye anogona kusarudzwazve kamwe bedzi pasi peMatongo anosimudzirwa namakumi maviri. Murangariro wavanhu unodzivisa basa rapurezidhendi munguva chaiyoiyo, sezvo miraudzo yakaderera yetendero inogona kuderedza dzimbahwe rezvamatongerwe enyika nepesvedzero yaMasangano. Zvinobudisa nhau, manyawi, uye vanhu vane simba revagari vemo zvinobatirawo senzvero isina kupfurikidza nokurangarira nokutsinhirana. Pakupedzisira, masimba apurezidhendi anodzorwa mukati megadziriro inorongedzerwa kudzivisa kuti rimwe bazi risave. Uchenjeri hwemi hwemitenzi inoumba dare riri mukuita chinzvimbo chinokurira chinzvimbo, uye apo vanhu vanobatirawo senzverwa musimba guru kupfurikidza nebhoro.

Nharo Dzazvino Uno Nenhau Dziri Kutanga

Gakava razvino uno rakapoteredza simba rapurezidhendi rinobatanidza kushandiswa kwemirairo yavakuru vakuru kudzivisa magumo echikwata, kukura kwechiito cheunternate mumutemo wokumwe, ganhuriro dzechipuresitio pamiitiro yapamutemo, uye basa rapurezidhendi mukupindura kumigariro yenyika. Chisarudzo cheDare Gurusa mu [[FLT:][FLT]] r. Mazars [20] [20]) rakataura kumirariro yemari yapurezidhendi nokuda kwezvinyorwa zvemari, uye [[FLT] trump. V.[FLT] [FLT].[FLT] [FFG] [3] [20] inosara iri pamberi pezvipo] kupfurikidza namashoko ehurumende.

mhedziso

Kunzwisisa masimba namabasa zvapurezidhendi kunokosha kunzwisisa kuti hurumende yeUnited States inoshanda sei uye kuti yakashanduka sei kwamazana amakore anopfuura maviri. Mutungamiriri nhasi anoshandisa chiremera chikuru(apo anoraira mauto ane simba zvikurusa enyika kupesvedzera upfumi hwenyika kuumba dare rehurumende. Asi chiremera chinongoramba chichiongororwa naCongress, matare, nyika, uye vasaruri. Gadziriro yokunzvera nedzikamo, nepo pane dzimwe nguva inoramba iripo kudzorwa nokudzorwa kwechakaipa kwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yegutsa. Sezvo zvinetso zvitsva zvinobuda muhurumende yehurumende yehurumende yegutsaruzhinji, njodzi dzenyika yose, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, uye kudzorwa kwemibato yemibato yemibato yemibato yenyika yenyika yose kunoramba zvichiripo. Vagari venyika vapfumiteve vakashonga nokunzwisisa zvakanaka nokunzwisisa zvakanaka kwemitemo yemitemo yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yeseromendero yegame. Kudzodzo inongodzoro inotodzorwa nesimba gurusa rinodzora.