Rimwe Dispute Resolution (ADR) rakashanduka kubva panzvimbo inotsiva panzvimbo yechinhu chikuru chekutarisira rwisano dzazvino uno. Munhambo umo madare edzinomira nokudhura anopfuurira kukwira, ADR inopa mapati kukwirira kwakakwirira(yakawanda) uye kupfuvura kurumbidzika kurumbidzo. Zvingava muzvibvumirano zvebhizimisi, nharo dzemhuri, nhau dzebasa, kana kuti kutengeserana kwamarudzi ose, nheyo dzeADR dziri kudzoserazve nzira yatinofunga nayo pamusoro peruramisiro nebudiriro. Nyaya ino inogovera nzvero dzakajekanyo yadzo dzadzo, betsero dzinoshanda, zvinetso zvinodzorwa, uye kuitwa kwakakodzera. Kunzwisisa nzvimbo yakazara yechisarudzo chamagadzirwo, vanhu vose vari vaviri masangano vanogona kuita zvisarudzo kuti vachengetedze ukama, mutengo, uye kuti zvibudirire.

Kunzwisisa Chisarudzo Chisina Kufanira: Basa Rakafara

Declaration yokutsiva inonongedzera kunzira ipi neipi yokupedza nayo gakava kunze kwegadziriro yegamuchidzanwa yedare. Shoko racho rinobatanidza marudzi akawanda emiitiro(amwe anoramba, anoyera, uye mamwe matsipa. Chinobatanidza ivavariro yakagoveranwa: kubetsera mapoka kupedza chisarudzo pasina kunonoka, ndyiko, uye kuvadziko dzemirangariro yedariro. Manyuko eADR anogona kurondwa mazana amakore adzokera shure, kubva kutsika dzakavakirwa panzanga mutsika dzomunharaunda kusvikira kumibatanidzwa wezvokutengeserana weMiddle Ages. MuUnited States, sangano razvino uno weADR rakawana simba reFederal Arbitation Act muChitegictic muna 1925 uye Chibvumirano cha19909, izvo zvakakurudzira matare ehurumende kuedza kutevedzero nedzimwe nzira. Nhasi, mumatare enyika dzakawanda, mudare renyika dzakawanda, uye masangano renyika dzakawanda.

Kunakidza Kwemafambiro EADR

ADR hausi mutoo mumwe asi pertive. Pane mumwe mugumo une kurukurirano yakachena, umo mapati anokurukura zvakananga pasina rutivi rupi norupi rwechitatu. Kune rimwe divi pane kudzoreka, kunosanofanana nomuedzo womunhu oga. Pakati pamapango iwawa pane zviteshi, kuwirirana, yera kwapakuvamba, uye mifananidzo yakavhengana yakadai semhesano. Kunzwisisa aya mavara kunobvumira mabatanidzwa kusarudza muitiro unogadzirirwa kuzvinodikanwa zvavo chaizvo (hwnhamba, mutengo, dzora, kana kuti kuguma.)

  • [[FT.0] Kutaurirana:[[FT:1] Chimiro chikurusa chegadziro, kurukurirano inobatanidza kurukurirano yakananga, isingawirirani pakati pamapati. Kunogona kuva kusina kurongwa, semukurukurirano kupedza kusanzwisisana, kana kuti kurongeka, semukurukurirano yenhau dzakawanda dzapamubatanidzwa nezano riripo. Kubudirira kunotsamira pakurukurirano inobudirira, tsitsi, uye kudisa kunzvera zvisarudzo zvinobetsera.
  • Mvura: Mukuyananisa, chikamu chechitatu chisingatori rutivi(*) murevereri) (‘anoronga kurukurirano uye anobetsera mapato kuziva fariro huru, kugadzira zvisarudzo, uye kuita bvumirano yavo vamene. Murevereri haamanikidzi magadzi magadziro asi anopa simba mapoka kuwana chimwe. Mediation ichiva chakavanzika uye inozvipira; kana pasina bvumirano inosvikwa, mapoka anochengeta maruramiro ose okuronda dzimwe mishonga. Inoshanda zvikurukuru mumagakava umo anochengeta ukama, semhuri, basa, kana kuti rwisano.
  • Arbitation: Arbitration muitiro wakarongwa zvikuru weADR umo vazivi veADR kana kuti vakawanda vasingatori rutivi vanonzwa ufakazi nezvibvumikiso zvinobva kumativi ose ari maviri uye kupa chisarudzo chinobatira, chinozivikanwa semubayiro. Kunyange zvazvo kusati kuri kwapamutemo kupfuura kutongwa, kubatanidzwa kuchiri kunobatanidza mitemo youfakazi, kuwana kwapamberi pechine nguva mberi, uye purogiramu dzemitemo. Parbit kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanosarudza kuwiriraniswa kwokupedzisira, unyanzvi hwearbitrotor, uye kubatira pasi peNew York Convention.
  • Kubatanidza: kwakafanana nokuyananisa, kubatanidzwa kunobatanidza kusatora rutivi kunobetsera mapoka mukupedza gakava ravo. Zvisinei, mubatanidzwa angaita basa rinoshingaira zvikuru, rekunatsa (*kusarudza zvigadzikiso zvinobvira kana kuti kuyera zvakaisvonaka zvenzvimbo yorutivi rumwe norumwe. Kubatanidza kunowanzoshandiswa murwisano dzamabasa namashoko ezvokutengeserana amarudzi ose.
  • NOUTRACE CHEPUNGEDZO YOKUTAURA: Mumuitiro uyu, nyanzvi isingatori rutivi inopa kuyera kusingabvumiki kwesimba neutera zvenhau yebato rimwe nerimwe. Kuyera kunogona kubatsira vanhu kuongororazve nzvimbo dzavo uye kukurudzira kugarisana. HENE inowanzoshandiswa murondedzero dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzine chokuita noruzivo rwezvigadzirwa kana kuti pamutemo.
  • Mid-Arb: Muitiro wakavhengana apo mapoka anoedza kutanga kubudisa mashoko; kana izvozvo zvikakundikana, nhau dzimwe chetedzo dzokusatora rutivi kana kuti kusatora rutivi kwakasiana kusingapindurwi. Uku kubatanidzwa kunogona kupa zvose zviri zviviri kuchinjika nokuguma kwekudzorwa, asi kunomutsa funganyo pamusoro pesimba romurevereri rokuramba asingasaruri kana vakabatira gare gare somurevereri.

Betsero Dzinobetsera dzeADR Mukushandiswa

Kukumbirwa kweADR kunotsamira pamiuyo inoverengeka yakasanonyorwa kupfuura yakanyorwa. Nepo mhaka imwe neimwe yakasiana, nzvero inobvumikisa nguva dzose kuti ADR inogona kupa miuyo inomhanya zvikuru, yakachipa, uye inogutsa zvikuru. Nzvero yakaitwa neAmerican Arbitration Association yakawana kuti nhau dzokunzvera dzinotengwa dzakapedzwa, paavhareji, mumwedzi 12 nemwedzi 24 ne14 nokuda kwemirau ne 24 ne30 yenhau dzakafanana. Media inozvirumbidza nokugutsikana kukuru, neAmerican Bar Association ichishuma kuti vatori vemitevedzero dzinopfuura 85% dzinoratidzira kugutsikana nezvose zviri zviviri muitiro nomuuyo.

Kushanda Nesimba Kunokonzerwa Nemari

Kuvhura muromo kunodhura. Kuwana kwoga kunogona kupedza zviuru zvamaawa namamirioni amadhora. Miitiro yeADR yakagadzirwa kuva isina kumira. Somuenzaniso, pane kuwana kwakaganhurirwa(dai) uye muitiro wacho unowanzotora mazuva kupfuura mwedzi. Kuchinja kwacho kwakati kutonyanya kugadzirika asi kuchiri kudzivisa mhinganidzo dzakawanda dzedare, dzakadai semaitiro okufambisa zvinhu nemabutiro akazara. Mugumisiro wacho mutengo unowanzova chikamu chiduku chemari inotengwa. Nokuda kwemabhizimisi maduku neanemichina, izvi zvinogona kureva kusiyana pakati pokugadzirisa gakava nokuramba kutaura kwapamutemo.

Kuviga uye Kuchengetedzwazve

Kutonga matare marefu. Mabhizimisi, kukwirira mhaka kunogona kufumura zvakavanzika zvebhizimisi, mashoko emari, uye makakatanwa omukati kuvakwikwidziridziri uye vanobudisa nhau. ADR, mukupesana, ndezvepachivande. Kupa dare zvibvumirano zvizhinji zvikurusa zvinobatanidza gadziriro dzakavanzika dzinodzivirira muitiro wose(antimony), ufakazi, uye mubhadharo wokupedzisira. Kuvanza uku kunokosha zvikuru mumaindasitiri sezvoutano, ruzivo rwezvoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, uye mari, uko mashoko apamutemo anodzivirira musengwariro yose.

Boka Rinochinja - chinja Migumisiro

Mudare, mushonga bedzi unogona kupiwa nomutongi ikuvadziko yemitemo yemari kana kuti murairo. ADR inozarura suo kumiganhu yokugadzira, zvigadzikiso zvemhindu. Iyi tsinhirano mubvumirano inogona kubvumirana pamashoko asiri ezvokukumbira ruregerero, zvivako zvenguva yemberi, kana kuti mibhadharo yakatarwa. Mukudzorwa. Masangano anogona kusarudza mutemo unodzora, nzvimbo, uye kunyange mitemo yemipimo. Iyi inobvumira miuyo inosano inosanowirirana zvikuru nezvinodikanwa chaizvoizvo zvamapati kupfuura izvo dare rinogona kuraira.

Kuchengeta Ukama

Kuvhara mashoko kunoitwa sechinhu chakasikwa. Kugona kupisa mabhuroko pakati pevakwanyina vebhizimisi, nhengo dzemhuri, kana kuti vashandi vakabatana. ADR, zvikurukuru kukurukurirana, kusimbisa kushandira pamwe nokunzwisisana. Unyanzvi hwokukurukurirana hwadzidzwa mukubudisa mashoko hunowanzoshandura kuva kurukurirano dziri nani munguva yemberi. Zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvezvokutengeserana zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvinobatanidza mabhizimisi anopfuurira kubatira pamwe.

Mabasa Anokosha Evasingatori Rutivi: Varevereri Navarevereri

Kubudirira kwegadziriro ipi neipi yeADR kunotsamira zvikuru paunyanzvi uye perero yavasarudzi vekusatora rutivi. Nepo vatongi vachigadzwa kana kuti kusarudzwa nokusungwa netsika dzedare, varevereri navagadziri vanobva mumigariro yezvebasa yakasiyana - siyana(whearchild, injiniya, mari, psychology), uye vanofanira kunamatira kumatanho avo vamene emipimo yetsika.

Unyanzvi Hwomurevereri

Murevereri haasati ari muiti wechisarudzo asi chinyanduri. Varevereri vanobudirira zvikurusa vane unyanzvi hwakadzama hwokuteerera, ungwaru hwemirangariro, uye mano okutsiva rwisano kuva mabanza ebvumirano. Vanoramba vasingasaruri mugadziriro yacho yose, vasingatongotoreri rutivi kana kuti kupa zano rapamutemo. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanobetsera mapoka kubudisa mirangariro, kujekesa fariro, uye zvisarudzo zvendangariro. Basa romurevereri rinobatanidzawo kudzora kusaterama kwesimba kwe(maspokano) kana kuti kudzorwa hakudzoreri kurukurirano yacho. Mapurogiramu okurovedza eMediation, akadai saavo anotsigirwa neAssocial Conftion, anonastion paioms, kazhinji kachotoko, anoda maawa 40 omurayiridzo wekirasi neaidzo inotarisirwa.

Chiremera Chomutongi

Vatongi vanoshanda savatongi vakavanzika. Vanofanira kuva nemurairo wakakwana womutemo wejenatsi, mitemo yenyika, uye ufakazi. Kusafanana navarevereri, vamiririri vanoita zvisarudzo zvinobatanidza zvinogona kumanikidzirwa mudare. Naizvozvo, vanofanira kusvitsa zvikwaniriso zvakatsiga. Maparera mazhinji akadai seanoshandiswa naJAMS kana kuti American Arbitration Association, anoda vamiririri kuti vave naanenge makore 10 oruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwapamutemo kana kuti rweindasitiri, kurovedzwa kwakatanhamara mukuita basa remitemo, uye kunamatira kumitemo yetsika dzamagariro. Mutarisiri wedare anofanira kurangarirwa nokuvakirwa paufakazi; inhau inongova inopfupikisa bedzi nokuda kwokusatenderwa, kana kuti chiremera, chitsoro, kana kuti chiremera chikuru.

Kushandisa ADR: Kungwarira Kwakanaka

Kupinza ADR muchirongwa chokugadzirisa chinokakavadzana kunoda kuronga kwokungwarira, kwete kungonyora chibvumirano chinenge chaitwa. Masangano nevanhu vanofanira kusvika pakuitwa nenzira imwe cheteyo yokusaita.

Kurongedza Vane Simba Ravana Claus Vanobudirira

Nhano yakakomba zvikurusa kunyora ADR yakajeka, inomanikidzirwa mubvumirano ipi neipi. Chikamu chamashoko chakasanorongwa chinofanira kududza rudzi rweADR (mutoo, mubatanidzwa unoteverwa neArbitration Revolution), mitemo (zvakadai seAAA Commercional Relations kana kuti JAMS Comprehensived Arbitration Regations), nzvimbo, nhamba yezvikamu, uye mutoo wokuzvisarudza nawo. Inofanirawo kutaura nhau dzinokosha dzakadai sedaidzo, kugoverwa kwemari, uye famu yenguva yokupedzisa muitiro wacho. Vagues [1] Saka "Magate anowanzoedza kupedza magakava muruvaro."

Kusarudza Mugoveri

Gakava rakawanda rinopedzwa kupfurikidza navashandi vesangano ADR vanotungamirira muitiro wacho, vanochengeta ndaza yavakwaniri vakakwaniriswa, uye vanogovera mitemo inodikanwa. MuUnited States, vatarisiri vanotungamirira vanobatanidza American Arbitation Association (AAA), JAMS, uye CPR Institute. International, International Chamber of Commercial (ICC) uye London Court of International Arbitation (LCIA) inodzora. Pakusarudza mutarisiri, rangarira zvinhu zvakadai semitero yehurumende, purofiti, unyanzvi hunowanika hwezvokusava nohukatanharo muindasitiri inowirirana, uye chinyorwa chemugoveri webasa mudare.

Kugadzirira Kugadzirira Kuitwa Kwacho

Gadziriro inokosha. Nokuda kwechikamu, mapati anofanira kugadzirira chiremera chipfupi, chakavanzika, uye ndaza yefariro nemiuyo yokutanga. Nokuda kwedanho, gadziriro yakafanana neiyi nokuda kwokutongwa kwenyaya(nziro dzeZvapupu, mapepa, uye mapfupi emitemo, (asi murudungwe rwakamanikidzirwa. Zvikamu zvinofanirawo kubvumira vamiriri vavo nechiremera chakajeka chokugadzikisa kana kuti chokuita chisarudzo. Miitiro mizhinji yeADR inokundikana nemhaka yokuti vadzori vasina chiremera chokugara, kuchitungamirira kukunonotsa kana kuti kupunzika.

Matambudziko uye Zvandaikwanisa Kuita

Kunzwisisa ganhuriro dzayo dzinokosha pakuita zvisarudzo zvine ruzivo uye kuva nechokwadi chemiuyo yakanaka, inochengetwa, uye inogarisa.

Simba Rinodzika Mamirire Aro Neitiro Hanya Dzakanaka

Miitiro yeADR inotsamira pakuvimbisana kwokuzvidira nokutora rutivi nokutenda kwakanaka. Apo mumwe munhu ane zvakawanda zvikuru zvinowanika, mashoko, kana kuti kutaurirana simba . zvakadai somukakavadzano yevashandi vanoshandira pamushandi,(w) sangano risina simba duku anganzwa achimanikidzirwa kugamuchira muuyo wakaipa. Varevereri vanofanira kuva vanongwarira mukutaura iyi mitengo isina kuenzana, uye vamiririri vane basa rokuvimbisa muitiro mukuru. Mamwe masangano akagadza mitemo yokudzivirira vatengi navashandi pakuraira kuganhurirwa kwemitemo inoganhurira kusvika kumatare. Cornell Legintion Information Institute inogovera kupfupikisa kutengwa kwapamutemo kwegadziriro yemitemo.

Kuwana Zvishoma uye Kufambira Mberi Kunooneka

Muzvose zviri zviviri kurukurirano nokurongeka, kuwana kwakaganhurirwa zvikuru kupfuura mudare. Nepo ikoku kuchichengetedza nguva nendyiko, kunogonawo kudzivisa vanhu kunzvera zvizere maidi. Muzvinoitika zvakaoma kubatanidza kubiridzira, zvikanganiso zvechibereko, kana kuti makakatanwa okuisa pachena, kusawanikwa kwakafara kungatungamirira kuchinyorwa chisina kukwana uye muuyo usina kururama. Makororo anofanira kuyera kutengeswa: chisarudzo chokukurumidza chingava chinokosha zvishoma kupfuura chisarudzo chakakwana, chakasanofungwa.

Kumanikidzwa Nokuhwirudzurwa Kwokutonga

Mibayiro yokubatanidza inowanzosungirwa uye inomanikidzirwa mumutemo wehurumende − Federal Arbitration Act inogovera zvikonzero zvakaganhurirwa zvokupa mubayiro, zvakadai souori, rusaruro rwakajeka, kana kuti masimba anopfuura. Zvisinei, zvibvumirano zvezvibvumirano zvenhau zvibvumirano; kana papati pakapunza mugarikano, mumwe mubato anofanira kukwikwidza. Uyu mukaha unogona kusekesa mhedziso iyo vazhinji vanotsvaka. Mukuwedzera, “mupimo mukuru wehwirudzuro” unoreva kuti kunyange mubayiro wakavakirwa pamhosho yakajeka yomutemo uchamira, kunze kwemigariro isingawanzoibvira apo mapoka anobvumirana kuhwirudzura.

Haana Kukodzera Makakatanwa Ose

Dzimwe mhasa dzinoda kuitirwa voruzhinji uye kuumbwa kwemuenzaniso. Nyaya dzinobatanidza mibvunzo yebumbiro-mitemo, muitiro wavose, kana kuti mitoo yakaipa yetsika (mutoo, kubiridzira kwevatengi, kuputswa kwekodzero dzevanhu) dzingasakwaniswa nokuda kweADR yapachivande. Nenzira yakafanana, gakava apo mumwe munhu anotsvaka kurevererwa kwapachena kana kuti murairo wetapuro huru sezvingabvira achada chiremera chedare. Pakupedzisira, apo kusunungurwa kwokukurumidza kuri madikanwa (kwakadai sechidzongodzoso chekurumidziro yokudzivisa dare) ringava chisarudzo bedzi chinoshanda.

Nguva Yemberi yeADR: Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu, Kudyidzana Kwenyika Dzakawanda, uye Kuchinja Kwepfungwa

Sezvo ADR inokura, inopfuurira kuwirirana. Kukura kwechisarudzo chegakava paIndaneti (ODR) kwakatambanudza ADR kusvika kukukakavadzana kweADR, kutaura kuduku, uye kunyange rwisano dzemhuri umo ganhuriro dzakadziviswa mumisangano ye-person. Platforms dzakadai seModria neMatterorn inopa zvishandiso zvekurukurirano nevhidhiyo zvinodzorwa. Nyika dzose dzinobatanidzawo: masangano akafanana neSingapore International Arbitation Center uye Dubai International Arbitration Centreal yakura muutation, kugadzirisa makakakava ayo anoyambuka miganhuro nemitemo. Panguva inongodaro, miitiro yezviwitsiko zvinopfuurira kubuda mu “bbbber-bruethrong." inotevesaidzorose nyika dzose dziri mbiri. Sezvinoita kushandira pamutemo zvinoshandiswa zvikuru uye kugadzirirwa kwomutemo.

Mumhedziso, Dispute Resolution yeAlternative Resolution haisati iri chitsivo chechipiri chakanakisisa parinosarudzwa; igadziriro yakaisvonaka, yakabvumikiswa yamaturusi ayo anogona kupa ruramisiro nenzira inobudirira zvikuru nenetsitsi kupfuura dare mumativi akawanda. Kupfurikidza nokusanonzwisisa miitiro yaro, betsero, uye ganhuriro, mapati anogona kuita basa rokukakavara zvirongwa zvechisarudzo izvo zvinoshanda, zvinoda mari, uye zvinogadzirirwa kuzvinodikanwa zvavo chaizvo. Kana uri kunyora chibvumirano, kutarisana negakavaro, kana kuti kungotsvaka zvazvingangoda, ADR inofanirwa nokurangarirwa zvakakomba seda kwokutanga.