Masangano eBumbiro reMitemo Rokudzivirira Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Kurwisa kwekodzero dzavagari vemo muUnited States kwakasimba zvikuru muBumbiro reMitemo nokugadziridzwa kwayo. Iwe 13th Amendment (186) yakabvisa uranda, Pramende ye14 (68) yakavimbisa dziviriro yakaenzana mumutemo, uye 15th Amendment (1870) yakarambidza kusarura kwakavakirwa parudzi. Pasinei zvapo neizvi zvipikirwa zvenheyo, zana ramakore rokuparadza, kubvisa ganhuriro, uye kusarura nzanga kwakaitwa norudzi kwakateverwa. Chibvumirano cheChibvumirano cheChibvumirano cheChibvumirano cheRevomhosvo cheNyika chaMaga cheNational Movement of the 1950 ne 1960s, chinodzosa pfungwa yehurumende, chinopedzikisa munhevedzano yemitemo yehurumende yaitsvaka kuchengetwa kuenzana. Kunzwisisa izvi kubetsera kwemitemo yeAmerica kunzwisisa kuti mutemo wavanhu vose uye kusarura kwehurumende. Chibvumirano chimwe nechimwe chemitemo yehurumende chakaitwa muhurumende chakabvumiranisa kutevedzero yehurumende yehurumende. Chibvumirano chehurumende chakabvumira kubvumira kubvumira kubvumiranisa chiverengero chavagari chavagari chavanhu chapasi chapasi chapasi.

Mutongo Wekodzero Dzevagari Vemo wa1946 – Chinoitika Chinooneka

Chibvumirano cheChibvumirano cheRevoifolder cha1949 chinoramba chiri mutemo wamasimba ose wekodzero dzavanhu wati wamboitwa. Chinonyorwa nomutemo naPurezidhendi Lyndon B. Johnson, chakarambidza kusarurana munzvimbo dzavose uye kurambidza kusarura mabasa pahwaro hwedzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, kana kuti mavambo enyika. Muti II wakarambidza kusarurana muhotera, nzvimbo dzokugara vanhu, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzokugara vanhu. VII yakaita kuti pave neAUTROOUS (UNING OF) kuongorora kunyunyuta nokushandisa mabasa apamutemo. Act yakasimbisawo kodzero dzokuvhotera, pamutemo, inobvumira kuti U. Atone General kuti ichengeterwe zvikoro zvinoteshinwa, uye kuganhurirwa kwezvirongwa zvehurumende zvouganda, zvichingova zvinopfuurwa gore rimwe nerimwe rinopfuurwa nomutemo wehurumende zvinopfuurwa zvichipfuurwa. [19984]

Murayiro Wokurwira Kodzero Dzavanhu wa 1965 – Kubvisa Mhinganidzo Kubhaloti

Pasinei zvapo neChinjo ye15 yeChinjo yeChinjo yeChinjo yeChinjo ya1944, vaAmerica vazhinji muSouth vakarambidzwa nenzira inobudirira kuvhota kupfurikidza nenzvero dzokunyora nokunyora, mitero yokuvhota, uye kutyisidzira. Chibvumirano cheRevong Rights cha1955 chakananga kubvisa mhinganidzo idzi. Gadziriro yacho ine simba zvikurusa, Chikamu 5, yaida zviremera zvakati nenhau dzenhau dzekusarudza kuti vawane kutenderwa kwapamutemo kwapamutemo kwapamutemo ("prequration"") pamberi pokuchinja mitemo yokuvhotera. Chikamu 4(b) chakagovera nzira yokuzivisa mativi enyika akafukidzwa. Vaongorori vaigona kutumirwa kunyoresa chibvumirano nemutezo. Mumutezo unopfuudzira kupfuudzo mutsva, kunyange zvazvo zvichidzorwa kupfuudzira kupfuudzira kupfurikidza nokupfuudzira murairo wakawanda. Chipome chapamusoro chiRevotipoka nokuda kwemitemo chakapfupikisa chechipo chinopfupikisa chitsa kupfurikidza kupfupikisa nokuda kwemitemo. Chipo chinotichimumumumuteshi chati

Murayiro Wamafaro wa1968 – Kugadzirisa Rusaruro Mudzimba

Yakasainwa nokukurumidza pashure pokuurawa kwaDr. Martin Luther King Jr., Fair House Act ya 1968 yakarambidza rusaruro mukutengeswa, kurenda, uye kupiwa kwedzimba kwakavakirwa parudzi, rudzidziso, vatano, kana kuti mavambo enyika. Yakachinjwa gare gare kubatanidza dziviriro nokuda kwemhuri dzine vana navanhu vakaremara. Chiito chakatanga gadziriro dzokuita kuti mutemo uenderere kunzvimbo yazvo kupfurikidza ne Department of Hozar and Urban Development (HUD) uye Department of Justice. Yakaisawo mufungo we "kuvandudza dzimba dzakanaka," kunoda kuti hurumende dzoroo dzinobudirira dziite nhano dzokuderedza kusarura. Pasinei hapo nemigariro miteko yokuvapo. Ntomuto mukuru wehurumende inobvumira mitengo inobvumira kubetsera.[5]

Rusaruro Rwezera Muchiito Chebasa cha1967

Age Discrection in Adream Act (ADEA) inodzivirira vanhu vane makore 40 navakuru pakusarura mukurovha, kusimudzirwa, kubudiswa, uye mamwe mabasa. Inoshanda kuvashandirwi vane 20 kana kuti vakawanda, pamwe chete namasangano evashandi. ADEA yakasundwa nefunganyo pamusoro pokuva vashandi vakwegura vanochepererwa nokuderera kwebasa. Kusafanana neTitle VII, ADEA inobvumira "chinhu chine mufungo kupfuura zera" dziviriro, uye mutoro wekubvumikisa kwakasiana kwetapurodziro. Dare guru rinotonga mu [[FL:]. vLGross.[FFFFFFF] , vanotambura, vanotambura, vanotambura.

Muitiro Wakaenzana Wokubhadhara wa 1963 – Kuvhara Musiyano Wewage

Mutengo weUnity Pay Act (EPA) wakanga uri kuedza kwokutanga kurangarira mibhadharo inotsamira pamunhurume nemunhukadzi. Kunoda kuti varume navakadzi vagamuchire muripo wakaenzana nokuda kwebasa rimwe chetero, uko basa racho rinoda unyanzvi hwakaenzana, nhamburiko, uye mutoro uye rinoitwa mumigariro yakafanana. Chibvumirano chinofukidza marudzi ose eripo, kubatanidza mari inotakurwa, hove, uye betsero. Kuganhurirwa kunoitwa kunoitwa naEEOC uye kupfurikidza nokukwidzwa kwapapachivande kwemhosva. Pasinei zvapo neEPA, muripo wevatano wakaenzana neavhareji, vakadzi, vanowana mari inokwana 82 yemari iri yose inowanwa navarume, kunyange kuganhurirwa kukuru nokuda kwerunako rwevara rwavakadzi. Nhange iripo, inopa ganhuriro dzinopfumba dzinopfumbira nokuda kwechinetso zvikuru nokuda kwekushaiwa. Nhakaro yezvipo, inopfupikisa kupfupikisa zvikuru nokuda kwemitengo.

VaAmerica Vane Muitiro Wourema wa 1990 – Kuwanwa Nokuvhiringidzwa

VaAmerica vane musimboti weSangano reRugare (ADA) imutemo unoputsa kodzero dzevanhu unorambidza rusaruro pavanhu vane urema munharaunda dzose dzoupenyu. Yakaratidzirwa pashure peChibvumirano cheCivil Rights Act cha1944, ine misoro mishanu inofukidza basa (Tit I), hurumende nenzvimbo dzehurumende (Tit II), pokugara (Tit II), nzvimbo dzavose (Tit II), uye gadziriro dzechikamu (Tit IV), (Tit V), uye zvirongwa zvemigove (Tit V), zvinoda. Mutezo Ndinoda vashandi vane 15 kana kuti vashandi vakawanda kuti vagove nzvimbo dzinokwanisira dzinokwanirisa vanhu vane urema, kutototozoparira nhamo dzisina kufanira. Chipoti II chinovimbisa kuti masangano ashande nomutoo unosvikirirwa nomugariro mukuru woupenyu. Chipoto chinobvumira kuti nzvimbo chavose (IIII), uye chitsarutsiri chishanduko chaMaparo anoshayiswa nomutauro anogara mumusha mukuru, kunyange zvinopfupikisa chiverengero chenyika chitsa.[8] Zvikamu chikuru chomugoto AD.[8]

Zvakaitika Munguva Ichangopfuura uye Zvinetso Zvinoramba Zvichingovapo

Mutemo wekodzero dzavagari vemo unopfuurira kushanduka. Chibvumirano cheReference Act, chakakarakadzwa muCongress, chaizoshandura Chibvumirano chaCivil Rights cha1944 kurambidza zvakajeka rusaruro rwakavakirwa pachimiro chevatano nezivikanwo. Nepo chisarudzo cheDare Gurusaro 2020 mu Bostockv. County[ Chinotongedzei kuti Timendi [I] inofukidza chimiro chevatano nechimiro chechinoyera, Exgender Act, Eaty Act yaizotambanux aresa iyi dziviriro kudzimba, dzidzo, uye nzvimbo yavose. Kuchinja kwedzinza zvazovawo rondedzero huru kunotevera kuuraya vanhu vatema. Zviratiko zvinopfuudzira pamutemo zvehurumende zvinopfuumbika pamutemo nokuda kwekodzero dzehurumende zvinopfuutsa , asi zvichingobudirira, zvinoparira kuganhurira, zvinokwanisa kudzivirira kudzivirira Hurumende, uye Hurumende zvinobudirira zvikuru. Zvirongwa zvehurumende zvinopfupikisawo.

Kukosha Kunoramba Kuchiitwa Kwomutemo Wekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Mitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo haizvidziridzi; inotsamira pakudzikamisa, kutsanangura dare, uye kuvimbisana pachena. Iyi mitemo inopa vanhu simba rokudenha rusaruro mudare uye kupfurikidza namasangano anodzora. Inoshandawo segadziriro inowirirana, inoratidzira kuti rusaruro runopesana nemitemo yavose. Vadzidzisi navadzidzi, kunzwisisa nhau nemitemo iyi zvinopa nzwisiso yemitemo inoita kuti chinjo yemitemo ive nenjere uye kuti nzanga inogona sei kupfuurira kutarisana nekusaenzana. Kurwisa kodzero dzevagari vemo kuri kupfuurira (8), masangano matsva anotsvaka dziviriro, masangano matsva oruzivo anoparira zvimiro zvitsva zvechisianopesana nemitemo yezvamatongerwe enyika anotyisidzira dziviriro iripo. Kuhwirudzuramisiro nenjo dzenguva dzose dzakafanana nemitemo yakafanana neTendeko dzekodzero dzekodzero dzekodzero dzekodzero dzapamutemo, Fairgal ADhar Act, uye AD inoto iri madikanwa kupfurikidza nokuedza kupfuurira kupfuurira kupfuurira kupfurikidza nokubudirira.

mhedziso

Mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu inokurukurwa pano inoumba mubatanidzwa mukuru wedziviriro dzakashandura nzanga yeAmerica. Kuvambira paCivil Rights Act ya1946 kusvikira kuADA uye kuseri, iyi mitemo yakaputsa kuvhota kwapamutemo, kufutunurwa kwokuwana basa, kurambidza kusarurana kwemabasa, uye kuva nechokwadi chokukwanisa kuwana pokugara nepokugara. Kunyange zvakadaro rwendo rwacho rwakakwana. Zvinetso zvitsva. "jectalalismismismismismismism, deficial, transcism" translation tratement transformation tration trammentmentmentssments protementations protementationsmentations syndiation mentations . Kufunda iyi mitemo yetsika yetsika yemitemo inopa pamutemo kunopa zvose zviri zviviri hwarongwe newaro yenhau yenhau yenhau yenhau uye dzidzo yedzidzo yogamu. Kudatemwa kupfurikidza nokuzvidzo zvose.