Table of Contents

Kuronga Kunoita Kunoshanda Sei?

Gadziriro shomanene dzebumbiro remitemo dzinoparira chinoitika, nyongano, uye gakava rezvamatongerwe enyika kupfuura. Apo House of Studices inovhota kuti iendi kumumwe purezidhendi, misoro yenhau inodanidzira nhau munyika yose. Mibatanidzwa yeCble inogovera rusvingo rwamadziro namadziro. Nhevedzano dzenzanga dzinotanga nemirangariro. Bva nzvero dzinoramba dzichiratidza kuti vaAmerica vazhinjisa havanzwisisi icho kusava mutevedzeri chaizvoizvo kana kuti mutoo wacho unoshanda sei.

Ko kusava nomutoro kunoreva kubviswa munzvimbo here? Ko purezidhendi anogona kutevedzerwa nokuda kwechipi nechipi chisati chiri chakadai? Ndiani anosarudza kuva nemhaka kana kuti kuva asina mhaka?

Muitiro wokudzidzisa unomirira imwe yenzvero dzinokosha zvikurusa dzeBumbiro reMitemo pamusoro pesimba roukuru nerokutonga [1] imishonga yaVavambi vakaumbwa kubvisa vakuru vakuru avo vanoshandisa zvisina kufanira chiremera chavo pasina kutendeukira kumasimba masimba kana kuti chinjo. Kunzwisisa kuti mabasa okusafunda anozivisa sei kwete bedzi vagadziri vebumbiro remitemo asi mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pokuzvidavirira, simba, uye mutemo muAmerica inosarudzwa navanhu.

Iyi nhungamiro inotsanangura nhano yokusabvumirana nenhano, kubva kupomero dzokutanga kupfurikidza nokutonga kweDare nechisarudzo. Kana uri kuedza kunzwisisa zvinoitika zvazvino uno, kufunda hurumende yeAmerica, kana kuti kungoda kuziva pamusoro pomuitiro uyu webumbiro remitemo, iyi nhungamiro inogovera chinhu chiri chose chaunoda kuziva pamusoro penzira iyo mabasa, nei achikosha, uye chainozivisa pamusoro poubati ushe hwechiAmerica.

Tsigiro yeBumbiro reMitemo: Zvakasikwa Navatangi uye Chikonzero Nei

Constitutional Foundation: What the Founders Created and Why
Photo: Wikimedia contributor / Wikimedia Commons (CC)

Muitiro wokudzidzisa [[[FLT:] hauna kubuda panzvimbo ipi neipi(inoratidzira kufunga kwokungwarira kwaVavambi pamusoro pokubvisa vakuru vakuru vane ngozi nepo vachichengeta nheyo dzehurumende yedemokrasi.

Mhosva yeBritain

Vakatanga nyaya dzevaBritain dzakazivikanwa zvikuru, kusanganisira idzi:

  • Warren Hastings [1] [1] (178-1795): Kutongwa kwomutarisiri uyu wehurumende kwakafamba kwamakore manomwe, kuchiratidzira kusatendera sechishandiso mukupesana nokubata zvisina kufanira kwomukuru
  • Nhevedzo dzakare-kare: Nhau yeChirungu yokusatendeseka yakaratidza zvose zviri zviviri kudikanwa kwesimba (kunzvera vakuru vakuru) nengozi dzaro (chitambudzo chezvamatongerwe enyika)

Vavambi vacho vakakwereta pfungwa yacho asi vakaibatanidza neAmerica, vachiita muitiro wakakodzera nyika isina madzimambo.

Gakava ReKokorodzano Yebumbiro reMitemo

Pakokorodzano yeBumbiro reMitemo ya 1787, nhume dzakakurukura zvikuru kana dzichifanira kubatanidza kuteererwa:

[[[FURO:0] ZVIBATSIRO Z[:

  • Zviremera zvingashandisa zvisina kufanira simba kupfurikidza ne "uori" kana kuti "hasha"
  • Sarudzo dzoga hadzigoni kudzivirira vakuru vakuru vanosekesa hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu
  • Mashoko apurezidhendi amakore mana akareva vavhoti vaisagona kukurumidza kubvisa vatungamiriri vane ngozi
  • Kukumbira kwakabatsira kuti pave nenzvimbo yemasimba masimba kana kuti kubvuta hurumende

[[[FUNDO:0] esungarararamo pa[[FTL:1]:

  • Aigona kushandiswa sechombo chezvamatongerwe enyika, achiita kuti purezidhendi azviise pasi pevatungamiriri vehurumende
  • Zvingaderedza kuparadzana kwemasimba nokuzvimirira kwokuzvitutumadza
  • Sarudzo yenguva dzose inofanira kugovera kuzvidavirira kwakakwana

[ Kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira: Vavambi vaibatanidza kusaremekedza asi vakakupoteredza netaviridzo:

  • Kuvhota kukuru (Dare ramatatu maviri nokuda kwokutenderwa) kudzivisa kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavadzvinyiriri
  • Zvikonzero Zvisina Kuganhurirwa ("Kurangarira, Chiokomuhomwe, Kana Kuti Mamwe Matsotsi Akakwirira) Kudzivisa Kusabvumirana kwemitemo
  • Kubatanidzwa Mumba Nedare Kunoita Kuti Pave Nokufunga
  • Mutongi mukuru aitonga nyaya dzapurezidhendi kuti awedzere simba rinokweva vanhu

Icho “Mhosva Dzakakwirira Nezvakaipa ” Zvomenemene Zvinoreva

Chitsama chamashoko " Utsotsi hwakakwirira neMisdemirs" chakaparira kurukurirano isingaperi nenyongano. Chinofukidza chii?

[[FOLT:0] Hakusati kuri bedzi kupara mhaka kwapakarepo: Pasinei zvapo neshoko rokuti "utsotsi," chitsama chamashoko chinobatanidza mufambiro ungasaputsa mitemo youtsotsi. Seizvo Alexander Hamilton akatsanangura muFederalst No. 65, mhaka dzisingatengwi ndiidzo dzinoparirwa nemhosva dzinobva mumufambiro wakashata wavanhu vose, kana kuti mumamwe mashoko kubva mukubatwa zvisina kufanira kana kuti kupunzwa kworumwe ruvimbo rwavanhu."

[[FT:0]" Tsvaka' Hakurevi Utsamwi[[FT:1]: "Kupa" kunonongedzera kumhosva dzinoitwa navakuru vakuru munzvimbo yavo yavakuru vakuru (8bruses of therences of theous anobvira bedzi nemhaka yenzvimbo yavo.

Kunzwisisa kwapanguva ino: Murechi18 wepakati weEngland namavambo eAmerica, "mhosva huru namabhinya akashata" aibatanidzwa:

  • Kushandiswa Zvisina Kufanira Kwechiremera
  • Kunyengedzwa Kwokuvimbana
  • Uori
  • Kushanda Mubumbiro Remitemo
  • Kuputswa kwemhiko dzebasa

Modern Textrevension: Nhasi, nyanzvi dzebumbiro remitemo dzinobvumirana kazhinji kazhinji mufambiro usingatendi unobatanidza:

  • Kushandisa hofisi nokuda kwemhindu yomunhu oga
  • Simba revakuru vakuru rinoshandisa zvisina kufanira
  • Kudzidzisa Kururamisira Kana Kuti Dare
  • Fariro dzorudzi dzinopinza
  • Kuita mabasa nenzira inoregeredza zvikuru
  • Kuita zvinhu zvinotyisidzira hurumende yebumbiro remitemo

Muedzo mukuru: Mufambiro unobata zvisina kufanira chivimbo chavanhu here? Kana purezidhendi jayks, uyo ari tsotsi asi asingabvunzi. Kana purezidhendi akagamuchira fufuro kana kuti anodzivisa kunzvera muchakaipa chavo vamene, ikoko hakukodzeri kunyange kana unyanzvi hwapamutemo hungagona kudzivisa kurovererwa.

Ndiani Angakumbirwa Kuziva Kuti Achasvika Papi?

Who Can Be Impeached? Understanding the Scope
Photo: Wikimedia contributor / Wikimedia Commons (CC)

Simba rokusateedzerwa kweBumbiro reMitemo rinotambanukira kunze kwapurezidhendi kumapoka anoverengeka avakuru vakuru vehurumende.

Vakuru Vakuru Vanozvivanza

Mutungamiriri wehurumende : Chirango chakakwirira zvikurusa cheprofile, kunyange zvazvo mapurezidhendi matatu bedzi akapinzwa pasi (Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton, naDonald Trump kaviri) uye hapana ane mhaka.

Mutungamiriri wePurezidhendi [[FL:1]: Anogona kuteererwa, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisati zvatongoitika. Mutungamiriri wehurumende Aaron Burr akanzverwa asi haana kutongorairwa pasinei zvapo nokuuraya Alexander Hamilton muacl.

Vatongi vehurumende : Vatongi vose vomubatanidzwa, kubatanidza Dare Gurusa, vanodzorwa nokusateererwa. Vatongi vanenge gumi navashanu vakapinzwa, uye vasere vakabviswa pahofisi (_nokuita kupiwa kwamatare kwakapararira zvikuru kupfuura kupiwa rugwaro.

[[FLT: 0] Mitezo yeCabinet ne "Civil Apureta": Bumbiro reMitemo rinonongedzera ku "Vamiriri veSangano reHurumende yeUnited States," inobatanidza vanyori veKhabhinethi navamwe vakuru vakuru vakuru. Munyori weHondo William Belknap akasanyorwa muna 1876.

Vasingagoni Kumanikidzwa

Mitezo yeCongress: Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa mutoo wakasiana nokuda kweDare rokuranga mitezo yaro imene(kudzosa kupfurikidza nevhoti mbiri- nhanhatu. Vamiriri naVamiriri havagoni kutevedzerwa.

[ Vatungamiriri vehurumende : Nepo vane hofisi yehurumende, vakuru vakuru vehondo vanozviisa pasi pematare panzvimbo pokuva anorairwa.

Vakuru vakuru: Ikoku kunoramba kune nharo. Kutongwa kweDare kwaWilliam Belknap kwakapfuurira pashure pokurega kwake, uye kutonga kwechipiri kwaDonald Trump kwakaitika pashure pokubva kwake hofisi, asi nyanzvi dzebumbiro remitemo dzinoramba dzakakamuraniswa pamusoro pokuti kufunda kunogona kushanda kuvaichimbova vakuru vakuru.

Danho 1: Kuzivisa uye Kuongorora Kwokutanga

Step 1: Allegations and Initial Investigation
Photo: Wikimedia contributor / Wikimedia Commons (CC)

Muitiro wokudzidzisa [ unovamba kare pamberi pevhoti ipi neipi yakarongwa, kazhinji kazhinji nepomero, kunzvera, uye kuunganidza ufakazi zvinogona kutora mwedzi kana kuti makore.

Matangiro Anoita Kuzvipira

Wistleer Reports[[FLT: 1]]: Dzimwe nguva kunzvera kunovamba nezvizaruro mukati. Kudzorwa kwapanyika Trump kwakatanga nokunyunyuta kweririro pamusoro porunhare rwake napurezidhendi weUkraine.

Zvinoitika zvePublic mufambiro unodzorwa unoitika pachena unogona kumutsa nzvero yapakarepo. Kudenha kwaJanuary 6 Capitol kwakatungamirira zvakananga kuTrump jipis yechipiri.

[[[FOL:0] Kunzvera kwechibvumirano[[FLT: 1]: Kutarisira kunogona kufumura mufambiro usingatenderwi. Nzvero yeWatergate yakatungamirira kukurega kwaNixon's yakavamba nokunzwa kwedare mukusatevedzerwa.

Media Reports[[FLT: Ungwaru hwenhau hunowanzounza mhaka dzinobvira kujekeswa. Pentagon Papers, kushuma kweWatergate, uye mimwe mienzaniso isingaverengeki inoratidza basa rezvinobudisa nhau mukuzivisa kusazvibata kwevakuru vakuru.

Referrals[[FLT: 1]: Mazano chaiwo, vaongorori, kana kuti vamwe vaongorori vangaita kuti zvisarudze kuDare kukarakadza mufambiro unobvira ungava unotevedzerwa.

Nzvero Yedare

Apo pomero dzakakomba dzinomuka, matare eMumba anovamba kunzvera kwakarongwa:

Iro Matare : Kazhinji kazhinji, Dare reImba Vudiciary rinotungamirira pakurondwa, asi mamwe matare anogovera:

  • Dare reInterlice: nhau dzinobatanidza chengeteko yenyika, ukama hwokumwe, kana kuti mashoko akarongwa kuvakwa
  • [ Dare rokubatira [: Ongorora kusazvibata kwebazu ravakuru vakuru noushati
  • Mamwe Matare anoshandira: Kutsamira papomero, matare ane chiremera panharaunda dzakati anganzvera

[[[FURO:0] Zvishandiso zvokuwedzera[:

Subpoenas[[FLT: 1]: Matare anogona kumanikidza chipupuriro nokubudiswa kwezvinyorwa, kunyange zvazvo ropafadzo dzavakuru vakuru dzichiwanzotungamirira kuhondo dzapamutemo dzakarebesa.

[ kunzwa[: Kutongwa kwavose kunobvumira matare kubvunza zvapupu, kupa ufakazi, uye kuvaka nzwisiso yavose (kana kuti chishoro) kukusapiwa.

[[FLT: 0] Nzvimbo[[[FLT: 1]: Nzvimbo dzapachivande dzinobvumira vaongorori kubvunza zvapupu pasina mamiriro ezvinhu emitambo yemitambo yemitambo yemitambo yeporuzhinji.

Throw Review yeThrow: Vanzveri vanonzvera maemail, mabasa, marekodhi orunhare, uye mamwe magwaro okugadza nguva uye kubvumikisa pomero.

[[[FOL:0] Chipupuriro cheTsvene: nyanzvi dzeBumbiro remitemo, dzaichimbova vakuru vakuru, uye nyanzvi dzenhau dzinogovera mashoko akapoteredza nenzvero.

Muenzaniso chaiwoiwo wenyika - Trump Ukraine Impeatingment: Kunzvera kwaibatanidza:

  • Vamiririri veDare roUngwaru veDhipatimendi reHurumende neveNational Security Council
  • Kutongwa kwevanhu nenhume dzakadai saBill Taylor uye Mumiririri Marie Yovanovitch
  • Zvikumbiro zvemagwaro (zvakawanda zvakavharwa neWhite House)
  • Kuongorora kwevanonyunyuta nemhepo
  • Purofesa wemitemo yebumbiro remitemo anopupurira mipimo isingawirirani

Mitwaro Yezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kuongorora hakuitiki mune zvematongerwe enyika:

Chimiro chePublic Voison: Vanzveri vanoona kuti voruzhinji vanotsigira kurondwa here. Pasina tsigiro yavose, kufunda kunova nengozi mune zvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kwebato revoruzhinji.

Media Ficurage[[FLT: 1]: Matapure anoita kuti nzvero ipesvedzere nzwisiso yavanhu nechezvamatongerwe enyika.

Parisan Division[[FLT: 1]: Munguva dzakaderera, kunzvera kwakakamuraniswa zvikuru mumativi ebato, nemitezo miduku yebato inodzivirira purezidhendi nemitezo mizhinji inovaka mhaka nokuda kwokusafunda.

Nhamba dzemasvomhu: Vezvamatongerwe enyika vanoyera kuti kusakendenga kunotapura sei kariro dzavo dzokusarudzazve, zvikurukuru idzo dziri mumaruwa amakwikwi.

Nhano 2: Nyaya Dzinohwirudzura Dzokuvavarira

Step 2: Drafting Articles of Impeachment
Photo: Wikimedia contributor / Wikimedia Commons (CC)

Kana kunzvera kukaratidza mufambiro usingabvumiki, nhano inotevera ndeyokuronga pomero kupfurikidza ne mativi okusabvumirana [.

Nyaya Dziri Munyaya Dzacho

Mitongo inoparirwa: Nyaya imwe neimwe inotaura nezvemhosva yakasiyana isingatengwi. Panzvimbo pokupomera kwavose, nyaya dzinoratidzira:

  • Zvakaitwa nemukuru mukuru wacho
  • Vakaita izvozvo rini uye sei?
  • Chikonzero nei kuchiumba mhaka isingadzivisiki
  • Imabasa kana kuti mitemo yebumbiro remitemo yakaputswa

Ufakazi hunopa uchapupu[: Hufakazi hwenongedzero hunotsigira pomero imwe neimwe(chipupuriro chechapupu, magwaro, kutaura kwavose, uye humwe ufakazi.

Kurangarira kwapamutemo nekwepamutemo: Zvikamu zvinotsanangura chikonzero nei mufambiro uchisangana ne "Mhosva Dzakakwirira neMisdemers" mupimo, kazhinji kazhinji uchidudza gadziriro dzamabumbiro emitemo, mienzaniso yapamutemo, kana kuti nzwisiso dzenhau.

Mienzaniso Yenhau

Andrew Johnson (1868)[[FLT:]: Chikamu I chakapomera Johnson kuputsa Mutemo weHofisi kupfurikidza nokubvisa Munyori weWar Edwin Stanton. Dzimwe nyaya dzinorondedzera zvakawedzera kuputsa kunopomerwa uye "kudzosera mhaka" hurukuro dzinorwisana neCongress.

RICARHArd Nixon (Aapo - Been, 1974) Dare reJudicary rakatendera nyaya nhatu Nixon asati arega:

  • Chikamu I: Kurongwa kweruramisiro mukunzvera kweWatergate
  • Article II: Kushandisa simba zvisina kufanira kupfurikidza nokushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwamasangano ehurumende
  • Article III: Kubviswa kweDare nokuda kwokuzvidza mapopona

[[FFL:0] BIll Clinton (1998:

  • Nyaya I: Perjury pamberi pedare guru rinobetsera vatongi pamusoro peukama hwake naMonica Lewinsky
  • Nyaya II: Kudzidzisa vanhu kuti varuramisire nokukurudzira uchapupu hwenhema uye nokuvanza uchapupu

[[[DHAKA:0] Drump (2029)

  • Nyaya I: Kushandiswa Zvisina Kufanira Kwesimba kupfurikidza nokumanikidza Ukraine kunzvera mukwikwidzani wezvamatongerwe enyika Joe Biden
  • Nyaya II: Kurongwa kweDare nokuvhara zvipunu uye uchapupu

[[DHAKA: 0] Drump (2021)

  • Nyaya Imwe: Kunyandurwa kwokupandukira kune chokuita nokudenha kwaJanuary 6 Capitol

Gadziriro Yedare Ramadiresi

Department ne Amendment[[FLT: 1]: Gakava reHouse Judicary Committee imwe neimwe inokarakadzwa, pane dzimwe nguva kwamazuva. Mitezo inogona kukarakadza kugadziridza, kuitisana nharo pamusoro pomutauro, uye vhoti panyaya imwe neimwe yakaparadzana.

Committee Vote[[FLT: 1] Dare rinosarudza kana richifanira kutumira nyaya kuImba yakazara. Zvikamu zvinogona kukundikana mudare, kunyange zvazvo ikoku kusingawanzoitika bedzi kana muitiro ukasvika padanho iri.

Mirangariro [: Vashoma vanogona kupokanidza mishumo inotsanangura chishoro chavo, kuchiparira chinyorwa chekamuraniso yezvamatongerwe enyika.

[[[FRAT:0] Kurangarira kusingagamuchiriki: Vagadziri vanofanira kudzikamisa:

  • [ Nhetevedzo youfakazi: Kubatanidza bedzi chikwereti nechibvumikiso chakasimba
  • Chinovako chapanguva imwe cheteyo[[FT:1]: Kunangidzira ngwariro papomero dzinonzwisisa voruzhinji ndokuwana kuti dzakakomba
  • [
  • [ Kukwirira kwa[: Kupa mhosva kuti utsigire chishoro (kazhinji kazhinji hachibudiriri muzvinyorwa zvazvino uno)

Danho 3: Kupopotedzana Nokutamba

Step 3: House Debate and Vote
Photo: Wikimedia contributor / Wikimedia Commons (CC)

Kana Dare Rokuimba Rakabvumira Nyaya Dzokusadzidzisa, muitiro wacho unoenda kuImba yakazara yevamiririri.

Nharo Dzapasi

[ Freegated Deration: mirau inodzora kurukurirano:

  • Rutivi rumwe norumwe runogamuchira nguva yakaenzana (sezvinganzi maawa anoverengeka panyaya imwe neimwe)
  • Vatungamiriri vakawanda nevashoma ndivo vanodzora nguva
  • Mitezo inopa hurukuro dzinotsigira kana kuti dzinoshora
  • Hapana kugadziridzwa kunobvumirwa mukati mekurukurirano youriri (zviito zvinobva kudare rakagadzwa)

[[[FOL:0] Kutaura kwomutauro wenjiso: Kakavadzano dzokusafunda dzapaimba dzakaparira nhambo dzisingakanganwiki:

  • [[FORT:0] Gerald Ford (1970) pakuteerera Mutongi William O. Douglas: "Chikanganiso chisingatengwi chinhu chipi nechipi icho voruzhinji veImba yavamiriri vanoirangarira kuva"
  • [ James Dievenner (1998) kudzivirira kurasika kweClinton: Perjury inosekesa gadziriro yeruramisiro
  • [ Mvura dzeMaxine (2029) mukati meTrumpmpeage: "Kuzvidira kuri pamusoro pokudzivirira utongi hwedu hunosarudzwa navanhu"

Media Ficurage[[FL:1]]: Nharo dzazvino uno dzinogamuchira kufukidzwa kukuru kwezvinobudisa nhau, nemitezo ichitaura zvakawanda kuvamiriri vari kutarira pamusha sokushamwari dziri mukamuri.

Basa Rokurayira

[[[FRANT:0] Kushandisa mari [[[FLT]]:

  • Nyaya imwe neimwe inovhotwa zvakasiyana
  • Voruzhinjiwo zvavo (zvino 218 va 435) vaida kugamuchira nyaya ipi neipi
  • Manzwi anowanzotevera mitsetse yebato munguva yazvino uno yakaparadzaniswa
  • Mitezo ivhota !!------------ya, kana kuti (ripo)

Icho chakadzidziswa kunoreva[: Kana kunyange imwe nyaya ichiwana tsigiro huru, mukuru mukuru ndi akatevedzerwa. Ikoku kunokosha kunzwisisa: [[FLT:] Kudzidzisa hakurevi kubviswa pahofisi [. Kupomera ipo kweImba kunoitirwa mhosva. Kutonga kweDare kunosarudza muuyo.

[[[FO:0] Mipimo yeMajeretsi [:

[[FOL:0] Andrew Johnson (1868)[[FL:1]:

  • Nyaya gumi neimwe dzakatenderwa
  • Vatambi vaitevera zvikurukuru mitsetse yebato (Republican for, Democrates anorwisana)
  • Vamwe vaRepublica vaishora kutsoropodzwa sevanonyengerwa nezvematongerwe enyika

[[FFL:0] BIll Clinton (1998:

  • Nyaya I (perjury): Yapfuura 228 - 206, ine 5 Democrates vachikumbanira Republicans
  • Article II (kutendeseka): Yapfuura 221 - 212, ine 5 Democrates vachikumbanira maRepublicans
  • Dzimwe nyaya mbiri dzakakundikana kugamuchira tsigiro yoruzhinji

[[[DHAKA:0] Drump (2029)

  • Nyaya I (kushandiswa kwesimba): Yapfuura 230 197, isina vaRepublicans uye imwe Independent ichikumbanira Democrats; mbiri dzevaDemocrates vanoshora
  • Nyaya II (kutenderwa): Yapfuura 229 - 198, neimwe Democratic Regist

[[DHAKA:0] Drump (2021)

  • Nyaya imwe (kunyandura): Yapfuura 232 197, ine vaRepublicans vachikumbanira vaDemocrates
  • Kutevedzerwa kwapurezidhendi kwakawandasa munhau, kunyange zvazvo kuchine zvikurukuru kusarura

[ Miuyo yeChinetso: Vamiriri vanovhota nokuda kwokusatevedzerwa, zvikurukuru kuboka rapurezidhendi, kazhinji kazhinji vanotarisana:

  • Zvinetso zvikuru zvinokonzerwa nevanorwira chikwata
  • Zvinetso zvokushandisa mari
  • Kupesana (kana kuti kutsigira, kuchitsamira paruwa)
  • Ngwariro yorudzi nerumbidzo kana kuti kutsoropodza

Danho 4: Kugadzirira Kutongwa Nedare reDare

Step 4: Preparing for Senate Trial
Photo: Wikimedia contributor / Wikimedia Commons (CC)

Pashure pokusabvumirana nemitemo mumba, kugadzirira kutongwa kweDare kunotanga — ibumbiro remitemo risingaenzaniswi nemamwe ose.

Kugadza Vatarisiri Vemba

[[FOL:0] Vari vanaani[: Mamaneja edzimba anoshanda savachuchisi mukutonga kweDare. House Speaker anovasarudza, zvakaisvonaka:

  • Mitezo yeDare reDare raVafundisi Vane Unyanzvi Hwepamutemo
  • Vatauri vane unyanzvi uye vakurukuri
  • Mitezo yakabva kwakasiyana - siyana namaruwa
  • Muzvirango zvinoparadza, mitezo yebato yakawanda bedzi

[[[IT] Basa radzo[: Mamaneja edzimba:

  • Ipa nhau yacho nokuda kwokupwiswa kuDare
  • Zvapupu zvemibvunzo (kana Dare richizvibvumira)
  • Ita nharo dzepamutemo nedzebumbiro remitemo
  • Gamuchirai dziviriro
  • Zvikurukuru ita savachuchisi, kunyange zvazvo ikoku kuri kutonga kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kwete kweutsotsi,

[[[IT] Mienzaniso yeMienzaniso yeChinetso[[FURO:1]:

  • Clinton Impecation: Homean Republican akasarudza mamaneja 13, kubatanidza Henry Hyde (Judiary Chairman) uye nyeredzi dzinokwira Lindsey Graham
  • Trump Yokutanga [[[FL:1]: Mamaneja eDemocratic Committee Office Schiff
  • Trump Insecotion inter : Mamaneja mapfumbamwe aitungamirirwa naJamie Raskin, achinangidzira ngwariro pazvibvumikiso zvebumbiro remitemo

Zvikamu Zvinopfuudza Kudare

[[FOL:0] Chiziviso [[[FLT: 1]: Imba inopfuudza nenzira yakarongwa nyaya kuDare mumutambo wakakomba:

  • Mamaneja edzimba anofambisa nyaya dzacho achiyambuka Capitol kuenda kudare
  • Nyaya dzinoraviwa zvinonzwika pauriri hweDare
  • Dare rinogamuchira pamutemo udzori

Nharo dzinodzorwa[[FLT: 1]: Kudzora Speaker padzinofanira kupfuudza nyaya. Nancy Pelosi akanonoka kuparadzira nyaya dzokutanga dzeTrump kwevhiki dzinoverengeka, achikarira kudzvinyirira Dare reRepublican pamiitiro yokuedza(inzira yokubudirira inopanikirika.)

Boka retimu rokudzivirira

Ropafadzo [: Mukuru mukuru anorongedza anounganidza boka rinodzivirira, kazhinji kazhinji kubatanidza:

  • White House Applice (yapurezidhendi)
  • Magweta ehurumende (kuitira nharo mapfundo ezvematongerwe enyika nebumbiro remitemo pasina kubatanidzwa kweDare reRuramisiro kwapamutemo)
  • Vaimbova vakuru vakuru vehurumende uye nyanzvi dzezvemitemo
  • Magweta enhau enhau dzenhau anogona kukunda hondo youkama hwavanhu

Masangano ezvokudzivirira asingabhadharwi

  • Clinton: Magweta epachivande Charles Ruff naDavid Kendall vakapikisa nhau yacho pasina kusvitsa mipimo yokusawirirana
  • Trump (Kutanga)[[FLT: 1]: White House Counser Pat Cipollone nagweta voga Jay Sekulow naAlan Dershowitz vakapikisa kushandisa zvisina kufanira simba kwakanga kusingadzivisiki pasina mufambiro woutsotsi
  • Trump : Varavi vaipikisa Dare rakanga risina simba pamusoro peaichimbova purezidhendi

Nhano 5: Dare Rinoshora Kutonga

Step 5: The Senate Impeachment Trial
Photo: Wikimedia contributor / Wikimedia Commons (CC)

Kutonga kweDare ndiwo mugumisiro unoshamisa wechakaitika chaiko wejenas −a zviitiko zvakasiyana zvinobatanidza kutongwa kweutsotsi, gakava rezvematongerwe enyika, uye kududzira mutemo.

Mukuru Mukuru Anotungamirira

Nokuda kwaPurezidhendi wePurezidhendi : Bumbiro reMitemo rinoda Ruramisiro [[FT:2]] yeUnited States [ kuti ritungamirire, kuwedzera simba rinokwevera dare rapasi nokudzivisa Mutungamiriri wePrezidhendi (uyo angava purezidhendi kana kupwiswa kukaitika) kubva pakutungamirira pamusoro pebviro yavo yaigona kuitika.

[[[NHAU]] Nokuda Kwezvimwe Zvisarudzo[[FLT: 1]: Mutungamiriri weSanihedrini (saPurezidhendi weDare) kana kuti Purezidhendi Pro Tempore anotungamirira nenzira inozivikanwa, kunyange zvazvo Dare richigona kuzivisa mutezo upi noupi.

[[[FT:0] Basa reruramisiro [

  • Mitemo pamusoro pezviito zvetsika nezvirambidzo (zvinodzorwa neDare zvinokurirwa)
  • Kuchengeta Runyararo Nomufambiro
  • Anobvunza mibvunzo yavanyori
  • Chinovhota hachina kugadzirwa kana kuti kuputswa tayi (hachina kutongoitika mukusabvumirana)

Chinyorwa chaMashoko[[FLT: 1]: Mutongi mukuru John Roberts akatungamirira pamusoro pokutonga kwokutanga kwaTrump. Mutongi mukuru Salmon Chase akatungamirira kutonga kwaAndrew Johnson, achiita mirau inomutsa nharo yokuti vamwe vanodavira kuti Johnson akaponeswa.

Muharaunda Wezvirugu

Kutonga kusati kwavamba, vatenzi vanoita mhiko chaiyo: Ndinopika kwazvo (kana kuti ndinosimbisa) kuti muzvinhu zvose ndichaita ruramisiro isina rusaruro mukuwirirana neBumbiro remitemo nemitemo, naizvozvo ndibetserei Mwari.

Chiratidzo[[FLT: 1]: Iyi mhiko inokwidziridza sezvinofungidzirwa vatongi pamusoro perangariro dzinobatanidza vatongi, inoda kuti vatonge ufakazi pasina rusaruro. Mutsika, ruvimbiko rwavanhu runowanzotekeshera, kunyange zvazvo nhau dzemhiko dzichifananidzira.

Freelation[[FLT: 1]: mirau yeDare inoda vamiriri kuti vagare chinyararire mukati mokutonga, kuteerera nharo pasina kutaura (kunyange vanogona kutumira mibvunzo yakanyorwa). Ikoku kunosiana nezvinoitwa zveDare zvamagamuchidzanwa umo kurukurirano inova yenguva dzose.

Kutongwa uye Zvinoitwa

Dare rinogadza mitemo yaro yokutonga, inosiyana nenyaya yacho:

[[[FRA:0] Kutaura kwokuvhura[:

  • Mamaneja edzimba anopa nyaya yawo (anowanzova maawa 24 mumazuva anoverengeka)
  • Boka rezvokuzvidzivirira rinopa kupikisa (nguva yakaenzana)
  • Nharo dzinobatanidza kupa ufakazi, kunzvera kwapamutemo, kududzira pamutemo, uye nharo dzezvamatongerwe enyika/dzoupoteri

[[[ITSV: 0] Nguva yokutsiva[[[CV]]:

  • Vatarisiri vanopa mibvunzo yakanyorwa kuMutongi Mukuru
  • Mibvunzo inochinjana pakati pevanenge vabatanidzwa
  • Mutongi mukuru anorava mibvunzo zvinonzwika
  • Vatarisiri kana kuti magweta anodzivirira anopindura
  • Kugadzira izvi kunodzivisa kumira zvakanaka uye kunoramba kune tsika

[ Zvapupu nezvisarudzo zvinopupurira: Dare rinovhota kana kuchifanira:

  • Kudana zvapupu kuti zvipupurire
  • Magwaro okuwedzera eSubpoena
  • Remerera windi dzinoiswa pasi
  • Ona uchapupu hutsva

Aya mavhoti akakomba uye kazhinji kazhinji anosarura. Mukutongwa kwokutanga, Republicans akakurira nhamburiko dzokudana zvapupu saJohn Bolton. Mukutonga kwechipiri, pashure pokunge muvhoti wokutanga wapfuura, mativi ose ari maviri akabvuma kupinda mumashoko okupupurira pachinyorwa panzvimbo pokurebesa nhau.

[[[ITS. 0] REVERATIS[[CHOKWADI:1]:

  • Pashure pokunge nharo dzaguma, vatevedzeri vanogona kuita zvinhu vachiziva vari voga
  • Dare rinogona kupinda murusando rwakavanzika kuti rikurukure nhau yacho
  • Varidzi vejenare havawanzochinja pfungwa dzavo — vakawanda vanosvika munzvimbo dzakafanorongwa

Muenzaniso Wenyika Chaiwoiwo: Kutonga Kwokutanga kwaTrump (2020)

[[[FRANT:0] Kuvhura nharo[:

  • Mamaneja edzimba (aitungamirirwa naAdam Schiff) akapa maawa 24 achiitirana nharo nesimba raTrump zvisina kufanira kupfurikidza nokudzvinyirira Ukraine neCongress yakapinganidzwa
  • Boka raTrump raitsigira nhau yeNharo yeNhau rakanga risina kusimba, muitiro wakanga usina kunaka, uye mufambiro wakanga usingawirirani nemipimo yokusateererwa
  • Mativi ose ari maviri airatidza ufakazi hwevhidhiyo, aidudza mienzaniso yapamutemo, uye aiita nharo dzebumbiro remitemo

[[[ITSV: 0] Nguva yokutsiva [[[ITSV]]:

  • Vatariri vakatumira mibvunzo 180 anopfuura mazuva maviri
  • Mibvunzo yakazivisa kukamukana kwevapanduki (Vadimoni vanokumbira vanamaneja kuti vaongorore, vaRepublicans vanodenha rondedzero yokukwirira mhaka)
  • Vamwe veRepublica vaiva nemwero vakabvunza mibvunzo yairatidza kuti vaigona kuvhota vachiratidza kuti vanobvuma

[ Nharo dzeZvapupu[:

  • Vadzorwi vakasundwa kudana John Bolton (Aichimbova Muchengetedzi weNational Advisor ane chipupuriro chinokuvadza chinobvira)
  • Maruwa akavhara zvapupu 51-49
  • Iyi yakava dare rokutanga risingabvumirwi

[[[DHP:0] Zvirango uye Kubuda [[[FURU:1]:

  • Mativi ose ari maviri akaita nharo dzokugumisa
  • Dare rakavhota 52-48 kuti ribvumire kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba, Mitt Romney sechivhoti bedzi cheRepublican kuvasungwa
  • Dare rakavhota 53-47 kuti risunungure pakudzivisa, navaRepublica vose vachivhota kusunungurwa

Danho 6: Kupomerwa Nemigumisiro

Step 6: Senate Verdict and Consequences
Photo: Wikimedia contributor / Wikimedia Commons (CC)

Kutonga kwacho kunoguma nomutongo weDare racho () kusarudza kana mukuru mukuru wacho akawanwa ane mhaka ndokubviswa kana kuti kusunungurwa ndokuchengetwa.

Kutanga Kudavira

Chisakiso chekuzvidzora: Chitendero chinoda vhoti yezvitatu zviviri (67 ye100 vatenzi kana vose varipo) panyaya ipi neipi. Ichi chikuva chakakwirira chinoratidzira vavariro yavatangi kudzivisa kudzorwa kwetsinga nepo chichibvumira kubviswa kwemufambiro wakakomba.

SEPARATE Votes[[FLT: 1]: Dare rinovhota panyaya imwe neimwe zvakasiyana. Mukuru mukuru anogona kupiwa mhaka padzimwe nyaya ndokusunungurwa padzimwe.

Public Roll Call[[FLT: 1]: Vhoti dzinosarudzwa ndedzevoruzhinji uye dzakanyorwa, kugadzira zvinyorwa zvechigarire zvenzvimbo yedare rimwe nerimwe(kufanana nedzimwe Dare ringavhota nenzwi.

Hapana Purezidhendi Veto[FLT: 1]: Purezidhendi haagoni kudzosa mhedziso, kunyange dzavo vamene. Ikoku kunovimbisa mutoo wokuzvidavirira haugoni kuvharwa nechipfuro chayo.

Nheyo Dzenhau

[[FOL:0] Andrew Johnson (1868)[[FL:1]:

  • Kubvumirwa nevhoti imwe: 35 - 19 (vhoti imwe ishoma pamatatu maviri aidikanwa)
  • Vanasaimba vehurumende vanomwe vakaputsana nechikwata chavo kuti vareurure, vakasvika pakuzivikanwa savatungamiriri vehurumende vamajeri
  • Johnson akabatira shoko rake asi akasabatanidzwa mune zvamatongerwe enyika

[[FOL:0] BIll Clinton (1999):

  • Yakanyorwa munyaya dzose dziri mbiri
  • Nyaya I (perjury): 50 - 50 (17 vavhoti vanoperevedza kupwiswa)
  • Article II (kurongwa): 50 - 50 (17 vavhoti vapfupi)
  • Hapana maDemocrates akavhota kuvasungwa; vaRepublica vashanu vakaputsa mapoka kuti vabvumire kupiwa mhaka

[[DHAKA: 0] Trump (2020)

  • Yakanyorwa munyaya dzose dziri mbiri
  • Chikamu I (kushandiswa kwesimba): 48 - 52 (19 vhoti pfupi), naRomney vhoti bedzi yakasarudzwa neRepublic
  • Article II (kurongwa): 47 - 53 (20 vhoti)

[[DHAKA:0] Drump (2021)

  • Mavhoti akasvika 57-43 (10)
  • VaRepublica 7 vakabatana nevaDemocrates vose mukuvhota kuvatori vemhosva (_vakawanda zvikurusa vavhoti yokutendeutswa munhau, kunyange zvazvo vachingokundikana

Migumisiro Yokutenda

Kana vaviri mutatu vavakuru vakuru vakavhota kuvasungwa, miuyo yacho inokurumidza uye yakakomba:

Kubvisa kuHofisi nenzira yapachivande: Pakupwiswa, mukuru mukuru anobviswa nokukurumidza. Hapana nguva yenyasha, hapana kukumbira mukati megadziriro yokusainwa.

Chishamiso chamaturo: Pashure pokupwiswa nokubviswa, Dare rinogona kuva nevhoti yakapesana [ pamusoro pokuti munhu wacho haakwaniswi kuva nehofisi yehurumende yomunguva yemberi. Iyi vhoti inoda voruzhinji vakapfava bedzi.

Hapana Chirango Chipitiro[[FLT: 1]: Kurayira nokubvisa hakurevi zvirango zvoutsotsi, kunyange faindi, kusaiswa mutorongo. Chirango chacho ndechezvamatongerwe enyika chose chose: kubviswa nebviso.

Kupesana kwechiIsratizo[[FLT: 1]: Vatongi vasere vehurumende vakawanwa vane mhaka ndokubviswa kupfurikidza nokusaipiswa, vatatu vakakwaniriswawo panzvimbo yomunguva yemberi. Ichi chirango hachidikanwi uye chinoda vhoti yakaparadzana.

Kureururwa Nerevo Yako

Chinoreva [: Kurevererwa kunoreva Dare rakaramba pomero. Mukuru mukuru anoramba ari muhofisi (kana kuti, muchiitiko chechipiri chaTrump, haarangariri kubviswa pahofisi yomunguva yemberi).

[[FO:0] Izvo Kureurura Hakurevi[

  • Kuregerera hakusi kupiwa mhosva kana kuti kuwana kuti hauna mhosva
  • Hakudzivisi kusungwa kweutsotsi
  • Hachibvisi kunyorwa kwechibvumirano chehurumende
  • Mukuru mukuru anoramba ari "achidzidziswa" kunyange kana akasunungurwa (kusarudza kunoitwa Mumba, kwete mutongo weDare)

[ Miuyo yeProtution: Kunyange vakuru vakuru vasina mhaka vanowanzotambura mune zvamatongerwe enyika:

  • Mukurumbira wakaipa uye nhaka
  • Guta guru rezvematongerwe enyika risina simba
  • Kunoremekedzeka kudenho huru kana kuti dzavose dzokusarudza
  • Rutongeso rwenhau somumwe wevakuru vakuru vashoma vakatarisana nokusateererwa

Chii Chinoitika Pashure Pokusabvumirana Nezvakarurama?

Mhedziso yokusafadza haigumi nokubvira kwokuzvidavirira.

Kupomera Mhosva

Kaviri Jeopardy Don Han's ": Bumbiro remitemo rinotaura zvakajeka kuti kusateerera hakudzivisi kurovererwa mhosva. Kudzivirira kwengozi kwakapetwa kaviri (kuiedzwa kaviri nokuda kwemhosva imwe) hakushandi nemhaka yokuti:

  • Kubvuma muitiro wezvematongerwe enyika, kwete kutonga kwoutsotsi
  • Mipimo yakasiana - siana, miitiro, uye zvirango zvinoshanda
  • Miedzo youtsotsi inogona kuitika pamberi, mukati, kana kuti pashure pokusazvirumbidza

[[[IT] Mienzaniso yeMienzaniso yeChinetso[[FURO:1]:

Alcee Hastings: Mutongi wehurumende akapikiswa ndokubviswa muna 1989 nokuda kwechiokomuhomwe nenhema. Iye kare akasunungurwa mudare routsotsi (achitungamirira kumufambiro wake pasinei zvapo nokuregeredzwa). Gare gare akasarudzwa kuDare, uko akabatira kusvikira parufu rwake muna 2021.

[[FLT: 0] .Harry Coline [[FL:1]: Mutongi weFederal akarambwa ndokubviswa muna 1986 nokuda kwokunzvenga mutero(*) pashure pokutova anopomerwa mhaka imwe cheteyo ndokuiswa mutorongo. Kupwiswa kwacho kwakaitika pakutanga, kusateerera kwakatevera.

Trump Prosections: Kutevera zvikanganiso zvake, Trump akatarisana nenzvero dzakawanda dzoutsotsi (zvinotaurwa napurezidhendi anodzivisa kubatwa nehosha):

  • January 6 uye kuongorora kwesarudzo
  • Mapepa akaisirwa anobata
  • Mashandisiro anoita mari uye bhizimisi
  • Pomero dzehurumende muGeorgia neNew York

Mugumisiro Wezvamatongerwe Enyika

[[[FFL:0] Miuyo yeRegions

  • Andrew Johnson akanyimwa kugadzwa kwebato rake pashure pokuzvidzwa
  • Kuyera kwetendero yaBill Clinton kwakawedzera zvomenemene mukati mekudzidziswa, uye vaDemocrates vaiwana zvigaro zvepaimba pakati pamazera a1998
  • Donald Trump akatsigira zvakasimba muchivako cheRepublica pasinei zvapo nokusadzidziswa kuviri, achihwina kuiswa kwehututi 2024 kweRepublican

[[[FF:0] Hurumende Ipatsi yeGovernance:

  • Vainyengedzwa asi vasina mhaka kazhinji kazhinji vanotarisana nechiremera chisina simba
  • Kubatana kwemasangano kunowanzokanganiswa
  • Zvirongwa zvemitemo zvingamira
  • Kumira kwemarudzi akawanda kunogona kukuvadzwa

[[[FORTO:0] Garagracy yenhau: Mukuru mukuru ari wose anotakura chiratidzo ichocho zvechigarire. Kana achiruramiswa kana kuti achidzorwa, kusateerera kunova rutivi runoratidzira mukurumbira wavo wenhau.

Kuvavarira Munhau Yose yeAmerica: Mitoo Nezvidzidzo

Kunzvera [[[Nzira: 0] nhau yokudzidzisa [[[FLT: 1] kunoratidzira mitoo pamusoro pokuti mutoo uyu webumbiro remitemo unoshandiswa rini uye nei uchishandiswa.

Kuteerera Mutungamiriri Wehurumende

[[FOL:0] Andrew Johnson (1868)[[FL:1]: Kudzorwa kwokutanga kwapurezidhendi kwakamuka mukurwisana kwokugadziridzazve.

Kudzokera shure: Johnson, muPezhindi weSouthern Democrat uyo akava mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi weRepublic weLincoln, anoshora Republican reconstruction. Rwisano neRepublican Congress dzakawedzera kutozosvikira Republicans atsvaka kubviswa kwake.

[: Kupomerwa nokuputsa Mutemo weHofisi (sezvingabvira kusawirirana, gare gare kwabviswa) kupfurikidza nokubvisa Munyori weHondo Edwin Stanton, uye kumwe kubatwa zvisina kufanira kunopomerwa.

[ Kubuda : Kuwiriraniswa nevhoti imwe. Kuda kubatanidzwa pamusoro pezvikonzero zvinopanikirika kwakatungamirira vazhinji kurangarira kutendwa sechitsoropodzo chine ngozi, kuchipesvedzera nyevero yenguva yemberi.

[[[FURO:0] Zvinoreva [[[CURT:1]

  • Kurayira hakufaniri kushandiswa pakusawirirana kwemitemo
  • Zvikonzero zvepamutemo zvisina simba zvinoderedza kodzero yomutemo
  • Kuramba kutsigira zvematongerwe enyika kunogona kukonzera migumisiro yakaipa mune zvematongerwe enyika

[[FT:0] Richard Nixon (1974): Kunyange zvazvo Nixon akarega asati audzwa, muitiro wakazivisa simba rokusafunda:

Kudzokera shure[[FLT: 1]: Chinonyadzisa cheWatergate",burglary, chifukidzo, kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba(kwakapinzwa kuzivisa kusazvibata kukuru kwapurezidhendi.

. : Imba yeDare reJudia inotenderwa nokuda kwokudzongonyedzwa kweruramisiro, kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba, uye kuzvidza Congress, netsigiro yakasimba yebipartisan.

[ Mari yakabva: Kutarisana nokutendiswa kwakati nokupwiswa, Nixon akabuda. Ikoku kwakaratidzira kuti kusabvumirana kwaigona kushanda sokudaidzwa, kubvisa purezidhendi akanga arasikirwa netsigiro yebato rake amene.

[[[FURO:0] Zvinoreva [[[CURT:1]

  • Uchapupu hwakasimba uye kutsigira kwebipartisa zvinoita kuti zvinzi hazvina kukodzera
  • Kurayira kunogona kubudirira kunyange pasina kuedzwa kwakarongwa kana uchapupu hwacho husiri pachena
  • Murangariro wavose unokosha --Nixon paakakundikana kutsigira

BIll Clinton (1998-1999): Chitendero chapurezidhendi chazvino uno chinopanikirika zvikurusa pamutemo:

Kubva paIndaneti: Kunzvera kweIndependent Kenneth Starr kwamabasa enzvimbo nezvivako zvakakura kusvikira kunhau yeBhite House intern Monica Lewinsky.

[ [: Kunyengera nokudzivisa ruramisiro zvine chokuita nokureva nhema pamusoro penhau iri kutsiviwa uye kunzi kunokurudzira chipupuriro chenhema.

[ Mari yakabuda [: Yakapinzwa neRepublican House, isina mhaka neDare namamwe maRepublican anokumbanira Democrates. Murangariro wavanhu waishora kunyengera, uchiirangarira sechitsaru uye sechinopesana.

[[[FURO:0] Zvinoreva [[[CURT:1]

  • Kuzvibata kwomunhu oga, kunyange kutokanganisa, kungasasvitsa “mhosva huru" kana kusingawirirani nemabasa ehurumende
  • Kutsvaka pasina tsigiro yavose kunodhura mune zvematongerwe enyika (Republics yakarasikirwa nezvigaro munhambo dzapakati dza1998)
  • Kutsigira kwechishoro chisina simba hakuwanzobudirira

Donald Trump (2020, 2021): Purezidhendi wokutanga akauyira kaviri:

[[[ITSORO] Yokutanga[:

  • Kudzokera shure: Trump afungidzirwa kuti akadzvinyirira Ukraine kunzvera Joe Biden kupfurikidza nokunyima yamuro yehondo
  • [: kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba nokudzongonyedza kweCongress
  • [[FT:0] Kubuda : Kuraira vhoti dzebato, risina mhaka nokuvhota kweRomney bedzi kuti ape mhaka
  • [[FT:0] Njeka dzedzidzo: Kutemwa munguva yapakati penyika kunoparira chisarudzo chinocherekedzwa chinozivikanwa

[[[ITS. 0] Kutemwa [

  • Kudzokera shure: Basa reTrump mudenho yaJanuary 6 Capitol
  • [[[FRANT:0] mativi [: Kunyandurwa kwokumukira
  • [ Kubuda [: Yakatevedzerwa netsigiro yeRepublican, isina kusunungura 57-43 (VaRepublic vanomwe vavhotera vasungwa)
  • Zvinotemwa: Kunyange kusateerera kwebiparisan hakugoni kukurira ruvimbiko runopesana apo kupwiswa kunoda vhoti mbiri-chitatu

Kurayira Kwokutonga

Vatongi vehurumende vanozvidavirira nokuda kwemhaka zhinjisa dzisina kururama, dzine gumi namashanu dzisina kutevedzerwa uye vasere vane mhaka:

Chikonzero nei Zvakakurumbira zvikuru: Vatongi vanoshumira nokuda kwoupenyu, vachiparira sundo yakasimba yokubvisa vatongi vakaipa kana kuti vasingakwanirisi avo vasingagoni kuvhoterwa.

[[[FF:0] Gwaro rechiratidzo[:

  • Mufambiro woutsotsi (kunzvenga mutero, kunyengera, chiokomuhomwe)
  • Kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwehofisi yokutonga
  • Kusafanira kwendangariro kana kuti kusakwanisa kutonga

[[FUL:0] Nhau dzisingadaviriki[:

Samuel Chase (1805)[[FLT:] Dare repamusorosoro rakatuka nemhaka yerusaruro mumhaka nomufambiro usingadzorwi. Yakasarudzwa, ichisimbisa kusabvumirana kwemiitiro neuzivi hwedare hakufanirwi nokubviswa.

Walter Nixon (1989)[[FLT: 1]: mutongi woruwa akawanwa ane mhaka yenhema, akapikiswa ndokubviswa kunyange pashure pekutongwa kwemhosva. Denho yake kumuitiro wokupa mutero yakatungamirira kuchisarudzo cheDare Gurusa kuti kushora idare renhau rezvamatongerwe enyika harina kuhwirukira.

[[FOM:0] Thomas Portmost (2010): Yabviswa nokuda kwoushati nokuita kutaura kwenhema, ipapo isina kukodzera kuhofisi yomunguva yemberi. Kurondwa kwazvino uno zvikurusa kwavakuru vakuru vapi navapi.

Zvinodzidziswa Nenhau Yacho

Kufunda Ire[[FLT:]: Nezvisakiso makumi maviri bedzi mumakore anopfuura 230, uye zvitendero zvisere bedzi, kusateerera kunoramba kuri kwakasiana panzvimbo pomutemo. Uku kurambwa kunoratidzira zvose zviri zviviri mipimo yakakwirira nenjodzi dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinobatanidzwa.

[[FFLT:0] Paratishi Dooms Treatep [[FLT: 1]: Kusatenderwa kwoupurezidhendi kuri kwose kwave kuchipesana zvikuru. Chinodikanwa chamatatu maviri zvikurukuru chinoreva tsigiro inoda tsigiro yebhipartis tsigiro kuti ibudirire (icho kupfuvura kwenyika dzazvino uno kunenge kusingabviri.

[[[FLT: 0] Mafungire Ane Mirangariro [[[FLT: 1]: Mitemo isina tsigiro yavose (Clinton) inowanzova isingabudiriri mune zvamatongerwe enyika, nepo iyo inotsigirwa navose (Nixon, kunyange zvazvo iye asiya) inogona kubudirira.

Holy Regitables Legitacy[[FLT: 1]: Zvinyorwa zvakavakirwa paufakazi hwakasimba hwomufambiro wakakomba (Nixon, zvimwe zvitengo zvedare) zvinorangarirwa sezvapamutemo. Izvo zvakavakirwa pamagakava emitemo kana kuti kuputsa kwemiitiro (Andrew Johnson) zvinorangarirwa sezvisakafanira zvomuitiro wacho.

Zvimwe Zvirongwa Zvinozvidavirira

Muitiro wekudzidzisa ndeimwe yenzira dzinoverengeka dzokuita kuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende vazvidavirire, imwe neimwe ine zvinangwa nemiitiro yakasiyana.

Mutezo Wechi25

Chachiri[: Kugadziriswa kweBumbiro reMitemo kunobvumira Mutongi weSangano naKabhini kubvisa purezidhendi asingakwanisi kuita mabasa nemhaka youdzori hwemuviri kana kuti hwendangariro.

[[[IMVURA] Masiyanisire Ayo Nechikamu [

  • Kunyora mashoko asina simba, kwete kusazvibata
  • Muitiro webazu unotungamirira (Cabinet ne VP), kwete mutemo
  • Kubviswa kwechinguvana kunobvira, purezidhendi achikwanisa kudenha
  • Haana kumbobvira ashandisa nenzira inobudirira kubvisa purezidhendi

[[FLT: 0] Payairangarirwa[[FLT: 1]: Mutemo we 25 wakaitwa pamusoro peTrump pashure paJanuary 6, asi mitezo yeKibitton haina kuukumbira.

Kupomera Mhosva

Nokuda kwavakuru vakuru vazhinjisa: Vakuru vakuru veFederal vanogona kutongwa nenzira youtsotsi nokuda kwomufambiro usiri wapamutemo, kuchitungamirira kutongerwa mutorongo kana vakawanirwa mhaka.

Hurusarudzo yeMakemikari: Kana purezidhendi agerepo achigona kutongwa nenzira youtsotsi anoramba asina kupedzwa. Muitiro weDhipatimendi reSarudzo (kwete mutemo) unoti aiwa, asi ikoku hakuna kutongoedzwa mudare. Pashure pokubva hofisi, vaichimbova purezidhendi vanogona kutongwa zvakajeka.

[ . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kuzvidavirira

Cheki yePrimita: Kusarudza kunogovera mutoo mukuru wokuzvidavirira, kuchibvumira vavhoti kubvisa vakuru vakuru vanovashayisa mufaro.

[[[FUNDO:0]

  • Kunoshanda bedzi panguva yesarudzo (makore anokosha pashure pomufambiro usina kururama)
  • Haisati ichibvisa vakuru vakuru nokukurumidza
  • Vatambi vemari vangasarudzazve pasinei zvapo nomufambiro usina kunaka kana vakabvumirana nemiitiro
  • Havashandiri vakuru vakuru vasina kusarudzwa savatongi

Kuparidzwa Kwedare Nereprimiand

Zvaari [: Kutaura kwekusatendera kwetsika kusingabvisi vakuru vakuru panzvimbo asi kunoshurikidza pachena mufambiro wavo.

Chiratidzo[: chokufananidzira chakachena, asi chinogona kukuvadza mikurumbira nenzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika. Purezidhendi Andrew Jackson akatsiurwa (pashure pakazobviswa), sezvakanga zvakaita Purezidhendi Trump (Tsinhiro yeImba pashure pokuva wokutanga kusarura).

Kushandiswa kwetsika [: Dzimwe nguva kunoshandiswa sechinotsiva apo kuzvidza kunoratidzika kuva kusingabudiriri, kuchibvumira Congress kushurikidza mufambiro nenzira yakarongwa pasina kuronda kubviswa.

Makakatanwa Nemakwikwi Azvinotevera

Kubvuma kwazvino uno kunomutsa mibvunzo isina kupindurwa pamusoro pedonzo remuitiro wacho, mipimo, uye kushanda.

Kunyanyisa Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Kunonyanyisa Here?

Nhamba [[[FLT: 1]]: Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti kushora kwazova chombo chinotsiva panzvimbo pechishandiso chapamutemo chokuzvidavirira nacho. Apo mativi ose ari maviri anotora purezidhendi kubva kune rimwe boka zvikurukuru pavhoti dzebato, ko muitiro wacho unoshanda sezvawakaitirwa here?

[[[FRAT:0] Kudzivirirwa kweChirevo cheChirevo:

  • Kuwedzera kwekuwanda (hafu yokusatendeseka kwapurezidhendi kwose kwakaitika mumakore 25 apfuura)
  • Maonero Anoita Kuvhota
  • Kutyisidzira kwaishandiswa sekutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika
  • Nguva yakarongwa pakusarudza

Chiverengero: Vavambi vakakarira kutevedzerwa kuva vezvamatongerwe enyika /Hamilton kuchiidza kuti zvamatongerwe enyika muFederal List N. 65. Mubvunzo ndowokuti idiscurive (divnedve) vs. zvamatongerwe enyika (ichipedzei rutongeso pamusoro pefariro yavose).

Kugona Kuvandudza Basa Munguva Dzakagadzirwa Zvisina Kutsarukana Here?

Chinetso: Kubvumirana kwokupwiswa kuviri kunogona kuwanwa nokuda kwomufambiro wakakomba. Mukusabatana kwanhasi, kunyange kusazvibata kwakajeka kungasaparira mavhoti 67 eDare.

[[[FRAT:0]

  • Mapurezidhendi angava asingatapurwi nenzira inobudirira pakubviswa kana zvigaro zvepabato ravo zvikadzora 34+ Dare
  • Kuedza kukanganisa kunova kushora kwokufananidzira pane kuva nzira yokubvisa zvinhu chaizvoizvo
  • Kufunga kwevanoongorora mitemo pamusoro pebatira pamwe yemapato hakuchabatanidzwi

[ Zvigadzikiso zveProties (pasina anoshanda zvino):

  • Kuderedza kutendiswa kwemhosva (kwaizoda kugadziriswa kwebumbiro remitemo)
  • Gadza mipimo yakajeka zvikuru yokuteerera (kuderedza chisarudzo chezvamatongerwe enyika)
  • Kuedza kuchinja mari nokuderedza kubatana kwenyika dzepasi (nguva refu, isinganyatsoitwi)

Vaichimbova Vakuru Vakuru Vanofanira Kuva Vasingakudziridzwi Here?

Nharo[[FLT: 1]: Kurasisa kwechipiri kwakaitika apo akanga ari purezidhendi, asi kutonga kweDare kwakaitika pashure pokunge abva pahofisi. Ikoku kwakamutsa mibvunzo yebumbiro remitemo.

[[[FURO:0] Bhegi re[:

  • Vanodzivisa vakuru vakuru kurega basa kuti vapukunyuke kuzvidavirira
  • Kushatiswa kwehofisi yomunguva yemberi kunoramba kuri madikanwa pashure pokuenda
  • Kubvuma kunosimbisa chinyorwa chenhau nokushurikidzwa

[[[FUNDO:0] esungarararamo pa[[FTL:1]:

  • Rugwaro rweBumbiro reMitemo runonongedzera kukubvisa vakuru vakuru "pabasa," kuratidzira kuti vanofanira kuva nenzvimbo
  • Inongova bedzi pamusoro pokusakwaniswa, kwete kubviswa kwechinangwa chakasiana
  • Zvaigona kushandiswa kurwisa vashori vezvematongerwo enyika vasingachashandi muhurumende

.C. Mugariro wazvino: Mubvunzo unoramba usingapindurwi. Dare rakapfuurira nokutongwa kwaTrump asi maRepublica akawanda akataura kuti vakanga vasina simba.

Chii Chinorangarirwa se “Mhosva Dzakakwirira Nezvakaipa"?

Kupokanidzana kusingachinji: Pasinei zvapo namakore 230+ enhau, kusabvumirana kunopfuurira pamusoro peicho mufambiro usingatenderwi.

Murangariro weChibvumirano [: Kazhinji kazhinji unorwisana nedudziro nhete(mhaka dzechiito) kana kuti kuputsa mutemo kwakajeka.

Chiono cheLiberal[[FLT: 1]: Maredhi kududziro huru(kuputswa kwesimba, kuputswa kwechivimbo chavanhu, kuzvibata kuderedza masangano edemokrasi.

[

Mirangariro Yamarudzi Ose: Kubata Kunoita Mamwe Masangano Anotonga Akabatanazve

Kunzvera kuti dzimwe nyika dzinobvisa sei vatungamiriri kunogovera mashoko akapoteredza nokuda kwomuitiro weAmerica [[FLT: 0] kufunda [[[FLT: 1]].

Gadziriro Dzapaparamende

Kingdom [: Hakuna muitiro wetsika weMutungamiriri weHurumende, anobatira pafaro yeParamende. Vhoti yokusavimba inobvisa PMS nokukurumidza.

Mazano [[FOL:0][[FLT: 1]: Kukurumidza kubviswa kwavatungamiriri vakakundikana; kuzvidavirira kwakajeka kudare romutemo; hakuna dikanwo yepomero dzakananga.

Zvinobatsira: Hurumende dzisingachinji kana vhoti dzisina chivimbo dzichiwanzovapo; dziviriro shomanene pakutambudzwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Gadziriro Dzapurezidhendi

South Korea: Adzidzisa ndokubvisa mapurezidhendi, misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi Park Geun-hye muna 2017 nokuda kwouori. Dare ravo reMitemo reBhishopu reSangano reMitemo rinofanira kutsigira kusadzorwa kwekudzokororwa kwedare kumuitiro wezvematongerwe enyika.

[Brazil: Kubudirira kufunda Purezidhendi Dilma Rousseff muna 2016 nokuda kwokushandisa mari nenzira inoshandiswa. Basa ravo rakafanana neAmerica asi rave richishandiswa kazhinji.

Fransa: Purezidhendi anogona kutendwa nokuda kwoku "kupedza mabasa ake nenzira yapamutemo kusingawirirani nokupfuurira kwake muhofisi, kuchida makamuri ose ari maviri kuvhota. Haatongoshandiswi nenzira inobudirira.

Zvidzidzo Zvinobva Mumaonero Anoita Vanhu

American Fraractism: Muitiro wokusafunda weU.S. ndi:

  • Nyika dzakawanda dzinopinda munyika dzakaoma zvikuru
  • Yakarondedzerwa zvakajeka kupfuura mimwe miitiro
  • Kuzvimirira zvikuru mumatare kupfuura mamwe (South Korea inoshandisa hwirudzuro yeBumbiro reMitemo)
  • Kashoma kazhinji kazhinji kupfuura dzimwe hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu

[[FFL:0] Trade-fons: Miyero yose yegadziriro yegadziriro:

  • Kushanda (kubviswa kwakakomba kunodzivirira kusatsiga kwezvematongerwe enyika)
  • Kuwanikwa kwemari (kubviswa kukuru kunosimbisa vatungamiriri vanogona kunzverwa)
  • . . . . . . . . . ane zvibvumikiso zvakasiyana zvedemocracy

Gadziriro yeAmerica inoisa dzikamo nokuparadzana kwamasimba pakubviswa kuri nyore, nokuda kwezviri nani nekwakaipa zvikuru.

Mafungiro Anowanzotaurwa Asina Kunaka Pamusoro Pokusafanira Kuitwa

Kubvisa kuvhiringidzika kunobatsira vanhu kunzwisisa izvi zvakaoma kunzwisisa.

Nhema 1: "Kupa chinhu kunoreva kubviswa paHofisi"

Chaizvo [: Imba inounza pomero (sekupomero). Kutonga kweDare kunosarudza kubviswa. Mukuru mukuru anogona kupiwa mhaka asi kusunungurwa (BClinton, Donald Trump kaviri).

Ngano 2: "Chidzidzo Chinoda Mufambiro Weutsotsi"

Chaichoicho: Nepo mhaka dzinogona kuva dzinoteererwa, "Utsotsi hukuru neMisa" zvinobatanidza kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwoudzvinyiriri kwesimba, kusavimbika kwechivimbo chavanhu, uye mufambiro unosekesa hurumende yebumbiro remitemo.

Nhema 3: "Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa Rinotonga Mhaka Dzokutonga"

Chaizvo [: Kurayira imitemo chose chose. Mutongi Mukuru anotungamirira pamitongo yapurezidhendi asi haaiti zvisarudzo zviduku. Matare kazhinji kazhinji haadzokorori mhedziso (atonga mubvunzo wezvamatongerwe enyika" muNixon v, United States).

Ngano 4: "Kuzvidira Kwakafanana Nokutonga Kwoutsotsi"

Chaizvo [: Nepo ine mativi akafanana nomuedzo, kurondwa idi rezvamatongerwe enyika, kwete utsotsi. Mitemo yakajeka yakasiana, hapana vatongi, hapana zvirango zvoutsotsi, uye rangariro dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinowirirana zvakajeka.

Ngano 5: "Vakuru vakuru Vasina Kudzidziswa Havatongogoni Kutongovazve Nehofisi"

Chaizvo [: Kubviswa panzvimbo hakungoerekani kwakwanirisa basa romunguva yemberi. Dare rinofanira kuva nevhoti yakaparadzaniswa (richingovhota voruzhinji bedzi). Pasina vhoti iyoyo, vakuru vakuru vabviswa vanogona kumhanya zvakare.

Nhema 6: "Chidzidzo Chinotsiva Chisarudzo"

[[FOLT:0] Klaim: Vamwe vanotaura kuti kuzvidza kunopesana nokuda kwavavhoti kupfurikidza nokubvisa vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa.

Chaizvo [: Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa zvakajeka kuteererwa secherekedzo pavakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa. Vavambi vakagadzira noune mutoo wokubvisa vakuru vakuru pakati pesarudzo apo vanoshandisa zvisina kufanira simba ravo, vanokwenengedza chivimbo, kana kuti vanosekesa utongi hwumene.

Mugumisiro: Chirongwa Chiri Kuitwa Chinoshanda Sei?

Muitiro wokuranga [ unobatanidza kunyanduka kukuru muhurumende yedemocracy: Unobvisa sei vatungamiriri vanoshandisa zvisina kufanira simba pasina kuparira kusagadzikana kana kuti kugonesa chitambudzo chezvamatongerwe enyika?

Mhinduro yavatangi () i muitiro wakaoma unoda tsigiro hurusa(inoratidzira kuedza kwavo kudzikamisa mipimo inokwikwidzana:

  • [ Kuwanikwa kwemari pasina kugonesa verenda revautsi
  • Kushanda [ pasina kuparira kudzivirirwa kwemonarch
  • Utongi hwedemocratic paunenge uchidzivirira kodzero dzevoruzhinji
  • [ chiito chokukurumidza patyisidziro chapachokwadi nepo kuchidzivisa rutongeso rwokukurumidzira

Kana iri dzikamo ichishanda pamurangariro wako. Vatsigiri vanonongedzera kurumano rwechipo nebhawa rakakwirira soufakazi hwainodzivisa kubviswa kusina mufungo apo kunenge kuchiwanika nokuda kwenjodzi chaidzoidzo. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura chinodikanwa chikurusa chinoita kuti kusatongobvira munguva dzinotsiva, vachishandura muitiro wacho kuva usingashandi chaizvoizvo apo unodikanwa zvikurusa.

Nhoroondo inoratidza zvose zviri zviviri. Kuda kufunda kwaNixon kwakaratidzira muitiro wacho waigona kushanda apo ufakazi hwakawanda uye kubvumirana kwebipartisan kwakabuda. Asi kupesana kwapurezidhendi kwazvino uno kwakabuda, zvose zvaguma nokuregwa kwehvuri-pan, zvose zvazova zvokufananidzira zvikuru kupfuura kushanda, kana kuti nokuda kwapurezidhendi ane tsigiro yakasimba yebato.

Vatongi vehurumende, kuranga kunoshanda zviri nani. Kana vatongi gumi navashanu vakatevedzerwa uye vasere vabviswa, muitiro wacho unobvisa nenzira inobudirira vatongi vakaipa kana kuti vasingakwaniri avo vaizova vanoshanda upenyu hwose. Chidzidzo: Kudzosa kunoshanda zvakanakisisa apo:

  • Kutadza kuita zvinhu zvakanaka kwakajeka uye kwakanyorwa zvakanaka
  • Mamiriro ezvamatongerwe enyika akaderera (vatongi vanoramba vapurezidhendi)
  • Pane kubvumirana kwebipartis
  • Vanhu vanonzwisisa uye vanotsigira kupomerwa kwacho

Kutarira mberi, kusabvumirana kunotarisana nedenho. Kudzika kwenzvimbo dzinogarwa pasi kunoita kuti kupwiswa kwebipartis kuve kusingabviri kunenge kusingabviri nokuda kwekunyorwa kwapurezidhendi. Chinodikanwa chine mativi maviri akaenzana aichimbova apamutemo zvino chinoita kuti mutoo wokuchinja muitiro wacho nejere rajeka, kuvamba mipimo yakajeka, kuwedzera hwirudzuro yedare kunenge kusingabviri zvinetso zvavo vamene uye kusava nenzira chaiyoiyo yokurera mwana.

Zvichida ukoshi hwechokwadi hwekusabvumirana hahusi mukubvisa kunobudirira asi mukuvapo kwayo sechisarudzo chebumbiro remitemo. Bviro yokusatendeseka ingadzivisa kusashandiswa zvakanaka kwakati. Muitiro wacho umene. "whearton, memepu, gakava ravose(-apos), kufumura kusazvibata, kunyandura chishoro, uye kunetesa vakuru kunyange kana vakasunungurwa. Uye kusapa kugovera kubuda kwebumbiro remitemo nokuda kwezvichemo zvakakomba zvingadzivisa zvimwe chiito chezve.

Nokuda kwavagari vemo, kunzwisisa kunoreva kuziva zvose zviri zviviri simba rayo neganhuriro dzayo. Hachisi chishandiso chinotsiva kubvisa vezvamatongerwe enyika vausingadi kana kuti muitiro unoyera unopfuura kurangarirwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Mushonga wezvamatongerwe enyika wezvinetso zvamatongerwe enyika(davi, gakava, uye wakadzika midzi mugadziriro yedu yebumbiro remitemo.

Sezvo inotsinhira National Constitution Center, kutevedzerwa kunoratidzira chitendero choMuvambi chokuti Bumbiro reMitemo roga harigoni kudzivirira hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Vakaziva kuti hakuna gadziriro yemitemo, kunyange yasanogadzwa, ingagona kushanda pasina vatungamiriri vokutenda kwakanaka navagari vemo vanoda kuzvidavirira. Kutonga kworudzidziso pakupedzisira irutongeso rwezvamatongerwe enyika runoitwa navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, ivo vamene vanozvidavirira kuvo vakavhota.

Mupfungwa iyoyo, kuva pamutemo kunotsamira zvishoma pamipimo yapamutemo kupfuura pakuvimbisana kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Vanhu vanoziva vanonzwisisa muitiro wacho, vanoyera ufakazi, uye vanoita kuti vamiriri vapiwe mhosva vanoita cheki inoshanda pasimba. Vanhu vasingatendi vanorangarira kupfurikidza namarezi anongova majekiseni anodzorwa vanobvumira muitiro wacho kuva chombo chezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti chiratidzo chisina mazino.

Gadziriro yokusabvumirana inotsungirira nemhaka yokuti, nokuda kwezvikanganiso zvayo zvose, inomirira chimwe chinhu chinokosha: nheyo yokuti muAmerica, hakuna munhu(apo) kunyange purezidhendi(apo ari pamusoro pomutemo. Kana nheyo iyoyo ichiva yechokwadi inotsamira kwete bedzi parugwaro rwebumbiro remitemo asi pamusengwa unopfuuridzirwa wavagari vemo navamiriri vavo kukuita saizvozvo. Kunzwisisa inhano yokutanga kukubvumikisa iri gadziriro ine simba yemitemo kunobatira donzo rayo: kudzivirira hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kubva kuna avo vaizoishandisa zvisina kufanira.

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