Hurumende yeUnited States igadziriro yakaoma yamasangano namasimba inoumba rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hweAmerica. Kubva mumhepo unofema kusvikira kukotsekano yezvokudya zvaunodya, kubva kuukoshi hwedhora riri muhomwe yako kusvikira kukurumidziso yeInternet, chiremera chehurumende chinobata chinhu chose chose. Chinongedzero hurusa yavagari vamo kukuita chaidzoidzo hurumende yehurumende inotenderwa kuita. Bumbiro remitemo rinopa purani, asi zvokwadi yacho yakakombadzwa zvikuru, nemazana amakore okududzira, dare, uye kubvumirana nezvamatongerwe enyika. Iyi inopa kunzvera kukuru, kwokukurumidza kwechimbidzo yehurumende, yakarongwa nebazu, namazvozvero amasimba iwayo akashandurwa uye chikonzero nei achiva.

Tsika Yebumbiro reMitemo Yesimba Renyika

United States Constitution imutemo mukurusa wenyika, uye inotumira masimba chaiwo kuhurumende yehurumende yehurumende apo inochengeta dzimwe kuhurumende kana kuti kuvanhu. Chivimbo chechiremera chehurumende chinowanwa mu Article I, Chikamu 8, icho chinobatanidza masimba 18 akasiana eChibvumirano. Izvozvi zvinobatanidza simba remutero, kukwereta mari, kutengeserana, mari yemari, kuzivisa uye tsigira mauto, uye kuita mitemo yose “inodikanwa” nokuda kwokutakura masimba anodudzwa. Iyi ndima yokupedzisira neIvita Claus yakaisvonaka, inobvumira kuti mitemo inowirirana ive yakarongwa nenzira ine mufungo.

Transformation inobatira sechinonzvera chibvumirano chebumbiro remitemo: “Masimba asingapiwi kuUnited States neBumbiro reMitemo, kana kuti anorambidzwa naro kuUnited States, anochengetwa kuUnited States, kana kuti kuvanhu.] Iyi inogadziriswa inosimbisa nheyo yehurumende yehurumende, zvinoreva hurumende ingashandisa masimba ehurumende zvakajeka kana kuti chose chose chose. Ma “simba ose anodzora” kudzora utano, chengeteko, garikano, uye tsika. Kunzwisisa ichi chikamu chenheyo chinokosha pamberi pokunzvera mabasa akananga ebazu rimwe nerimwe.

Masimba Omutemo: Dare Somutumbi Wokuita Mutemo

Bazu remitemo jeta ($Chorrest), rakaumbwa neImba yaVamiriri neDare (Dare) rine simba rokuita mutemo wehurumende. Nepo bazu guru richishandisa mitemo uye mutongi richizvidudzira, Congress ndiyo injini yomuitiro womubatanidzwa.

Masimba Akasimba eDare

Chikamu I, Chikamu 8 chinoronga zviremera chaizvo zveCongress.

  • Simba remitero nokushandisa nokuda kwegarikano yavose. Iyi mari yesimba midziyo yose yehurumende uye inobvumira Congress kuisa zvinhu zvenyika pakutanga kupfurikidza nebhajeti.
  • Simba rokudzora kutengeserana kwepakati penyika nokumwe . Nokufamba kwenguva, dudziro yapamhene yeDare Gurusa yeChongedzero Claus yakagonesa Dare kudzora chinhu chiri chose kuvambira pakodzero dzavagari vemo kusvikira kushatiso yemhoteredzo kusvikira kumitezo yeInternet.
  • simba rokuumba mari nokudzora ukoshi hwayo, kupa Congress udzori pagadziriro yemari yenyika.
  • Simba rokuzivisa hondo. Dare bedzi ringazivisa hondo nenzira yakarongwa, kunyange zvazvo purezidhendi achigona kutumira mauto mumigariro yakawanda pasina chiziviso.
  • [[[FT:0] Simba rokusimudza nokutsigira mauto ndokugovera ndokuchengeta mauto egungwa.
  • Simba rokugadza mahofisi epositi nemigwagwa yeposvo , iyo yakachinja kuva chiremera chehurumende pafoni nefoni.
  • [ simba rokugadza mutemo mumwe wokuzvigadzira [ nemitemo yokubhuroka.
  • Simba rokubudisa maruramiro okunyoresa nekodzero dzokuburitsa mashoko rokusimudzira fambiro mberi yesayenzi nounyanzvi.
  • Simba rokurondedzera nokuranga zvigaro nenzvimbo pagungwa rakakwirira , uye kuita mitemo inodzora chiuto.
  • Simba rokudzora Ruwa rweColumbia[[FLT]] uye mamwe mapoka ehurumende.
  • Chinodikanwa neChinodikanwa Claus, chinobvumira Congress kuita mutemo upi noupi uri “mudikanwa newakafanira” nokuda kwokuita masimba aro anodudzwa.

Mubasa racho, Congress inotungamirira bazu romukuru, inosimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi (Senate), inonatsa zvibvumirano (Senate), uye inogona kubvisa vakuru vakuru vomuhurumende, kubatanidza purezidhendi. Kamuri rimwe nerimwe rine mitemo yakasiyana: Imba inotanga zvikwereti zvemari uye inogona kuidzosa; Dare rinoedza kunyoresa ndokusimbisa vamirine.

Simba Remisangano Yakakura Sei?

Chibvumirano chehurumende chehurumende chehurumende nhasi chakafara zvikuru kupfuura zvaikarirwa naVavambi. New Deart yakaonawo Commerce Claus yakaturikirwa kubvumira Congress kudzora basa rezvemari renyika inodzorwa zvikuru nebhizimisi renyika. Gare gare, Civil Rights Act ya1946 yakatsigirwa pasi peChambesting Claus, ichibvumira hurumende kurambidza rusaruro mudzimba dzavose. Dare repamusoro raitsigirawo chirevo cheAffordcare Care Act sebasa resimba repamutemo rePress Congress Congress rekurt rekur arces arrection.

Masimba Ane Simba: Purezidhendi Anoshanda

Purezidhendi ndiye mukuru webazu guru uye ane mutoro wokuona kuti mitemo inoitwa nokutendeka. Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo [[FLT: 0] rinonzi Article II rinopa purezidhendi chiremera chinokosha, ukuru hwesimba rechiremera hwakashorwa kubvira pakutanga.

Mitoro YaPurezidhendi

  • mutemo wehurumende . Purezidhendi anoraira hurumende huru yehurumende(a) yakadai seBato reRuramisiro, Department of Homeland Security, Environmental Protection Agency, uye mazana avamwe (*to kushandisa nokumanikidzira mitemo inopfuudzwa neCongress.
  • Raira mauto ane zvombo somutungamiriri mukuru. Purezidhendi anogona kubvumira chiito chehondo, kumisa mauto, uye urongwa hwokuzvidzivirira zvakananga, kunyange zvazvo Congress bedzi ichigona kuzivisa hondo.
  • Muitiro wokumwe unowirirana[. Purezidhendi anotaurirana zvibvumirano (namatare), anogadza nhume, uye anotarisira ukama hwemibatanidzwa namamwe marudzi.
  • Vakuru vakuru vehurumende , kubatanidza mitezo yeKibit, vatongi vomubatanidzwa, vatongi veDare Rapamusoro (nesimbiso yeDare), uye zviuru zvavashandi vapamusoro vebazu.
  • Mirairo yavakuru vakuru nezviziviso zvinotakura simba romutemo, chero bedzi zvakavakirwa muchiremera chemitemo kana kuti chebumbiro remitemo. Zvinorairwa nechiremera hazvina kuganhurirwa; zvinogona kuchinjwa neCongress (kupfurikidza nemitemo) kana kuti kurohwa nematare.
  • Kukanganwira kwakakwana uye kudzosera mhaka dzehurumende, kunze kwezvinoitika zvokusatendeseka. Simba iri rakakwana uye harionekwi namamwe mapazu.
  • Tsvakai Hurumende yekero yeUnion uye rumbidza matanho emitemo kuCongress.
  • [ Congress kana kuti nhambo yeChibvumirano mumigariro yechienzi.

Bazu guru rakura zvikuru uye kukura kubvira panguva yakagadzwa. Mapurezidhendi azvino uno zvino anotarisira nyika huru yehurumende inoparira mirau nesimba romutemo. Zvirongwa zvakafanana neSangano rePreciatences ne Exchange Commission, Federal Commissions, uye Food and Drug Administration Explorication Exploretive quasidiative namasimba ezvoutongi. Ikoku kwakamutsa nharo dzinopfuurira pamusoro pedzidziso yetsika [[[FLT:]] [1] [1] [1] Hurumende yeChossourses inogona kuendesa zvikuru chiremera chayo chemitemo yemitemo yeGumosciation kumasangano avakuru.

Mirairidzo Yevane Simba Mumashoko Acho

Mirairo yavakuru vakuru ndeimwe yamaturusi anooneka zvikurusa esimba roupurezidhendi. Nepo isingadudzwi muBumbiro reMitemo, yave ichishandiswa napurezidhendi ari wose chifo chaGeorge Washington. Dare Rapamusoro rakaramba richidavira kuti mirairo yavakuru vakuru inoshanda bedzi kana yakavakirwa pasimba rakapiwa purezidhendi neBumbiro reMitemo remitemo kana kuti nechiito cheCongrès. Mienzaniso yeNyika inobatanidza decultation yaTruman yehondo (Edective Order 9981) naPrezidenti Roosevelt’s internation of Japanese America (Exet Orderce 9066)

Masimba Okutonga: Matare Sevazivisi Namaguardian

Dare rehurumende rinodzorwa neDare rapamusorosoro, nematare akaderera akatangwa neCongress() rinotsanangura mutemo uye rinovimbisa kuti zviito zvose zvehurumende zvinowirirana neBumbiro remitemo. Article III inosimbisa simba rokutonga reUnited States.

Basa Rematare Anotonga Nehurumende

  • [[[FT:0] Mitemo yeIntestar[[FT:1]. matare eFederal anosarudza chinoreva mutemo uye kuti unoshanda sei kunhau dzakati.
  • Kuhwirudzura kwokutonga [[FLT: 1]. Muchinoitika chechiratidzo [[FLT:] Marbury v. Madison (1803), Dare rapamusoro rakavamba simba raro rokuzivisa mabasa eCongress avhossion. Iri simba rinotambanukira kumabasa ehurumende nemitemowo.
  • [ gadziridza kakavadzano pakati pehurumende, pakati pevagari venyika dzakasiyana - siyana (dzosedzo yehurumende), uye pakati pavanhu nehurumende yehurumende.
  • dzivirira kodzero dzevanhu. Matare eFederal anogombedzera Bill of Rights nedzimwe dziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo mukurwisana nehurumende inonyengera.
  • Nhau dzakakwirira dzinobatanidza mutemo womubatanidzwa , kubatanidza mhaka, kodzero dzakavakwa, kubhuroka, kushambadzwa, uye kuputswa kwamaruramiro avagari vemo.
  • Yakagadza muenzaniso. Zvisarudzo zveDare rapamusoro zvinosungirwa pamatare ose echiduku uye zvine ukoshi hukuru mutsika nemitemo yeAmerica.

Vatongi vehurumende vakagadzwa nokuda kwoupenyu, vadzorwi vomufambiro wakanaka, unovadzivirira padzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Basa Chairo reDare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa

Dare rapamusoro rinonzwa chikamu chiduku bedzi chenhau dzakakwidza kwariri − zvikurukuru inenge 80 mu 7 000 panhetembo imwe neimwe. Inosarudza mhaka dzinomutsa mibvunzo inokosha yebumbiro-mitemo kana kuti umo matare akaderera akakamuraniswa panhau yepamutemo. Chiteshi charo chinobatanidza gakava pamusoro pesimba rehurumende, zvakadai sokuti hurumende yehurumende inogona kuraira kupiwa kwezvoutano, kurambidza chiito mukunyoresa kuiswa kwapakoreji, kana kuti kudzora kubudiswa kwegasi rinodzisa. Chisarudzo chimwe nechimwe chinogadzikisa nenzira inobudirira rechiremera chehurumende panhau iyoyo kutozosvikira Dare rachinja ndangariro yaro kana kuti kugadziriswa kwemitemo yemitemo yezvoutano.

Mamwe Masimba Enyika: Kupfuura Mapazi Matatu

Nepo mapazi matatu ane masimba makuru ebumbiro remitemo, hurumende yehurumende inewo chiremera mudzimwe nharaunda dzinoverengeka dzinokosha kukudzora kworudzi.

Nhau Dzokumwe Nechengeteko Yenyika

Bumbiro reMitemo rinokamuranisa masimba enhau dzokunze pakati papurezidhendi neCongress. Purezidhendi anotaurirana nezvezvibvumirano asi anoda tendero yeDare (vaviri ne 3 voruzhinji). Purezidhendi anogadzawo nhume nemufambiro wokukurukurirana. Dare rine simba pamusoro pokutengeserana kwokunze uye rinogona kuzivisa hondo. Mutoo wokuwedzera, purezidhendi anodzora mutemo wokumwe, zvikurukuru munguva yetyisidziro dzinokurumidza uye ganhuriro yenyika yose. Hurumende yehurumende inodzorawo masangano akangwara (CIA, NSA), inodzivirira kusabatana kwekombiyuta, uye inopinda muzvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose izvo zvingasada tendero yedare reSangano.

Kuchengeteka kwerudzi kunobatanidza simba rokudzivirira United States pakurwiswa. Purezidhendi samukuru mukuru anogona kuraira kurwiwa kwehondo, asi Simba reHondo ra 1973 rinoda kuti purezidhendi azivise Congress mukati mamaawa 48 okuita mauto nemauto anoganhura kumazuva 60 pasina mvumo yedare. Hurumende inodzorawo kutengeswa kwezvombo kunze kwenyika, inoisa zvirango zvemari, uye inomanikidza kuti vanhu vatamire munyika uye mitemo yokuchengetedza muganhu.

Masimba Ezvemari Nezvemari

Masimba ezvemari makuru uye anotapura zvakananga chikwama chevagari vose. Congress ine simba rokubhadhara mutero (muripo, bhizimisi, bhizimisi, nzvimbo, uye mabhii), kukwereta mari (kubudisa zvisungo zvemari), uye kuronga mari nokudzora ukoshi hwayo. Fateral Reserve System[ . [jekita rehurumende]

Hurumende yehurumende inogonawo kuparadzira mari kunyika nenharaunda kupfurikidza nezvipo, kazhinji kazhinji zvine mibatanidzwa yakabatanidzwa. Ikoku kunobvumira hurumende yehurumende kupesvedzera miitiro yehurumende munharaunda dzakadai sedzidzo, zvokufambisa, tarisiro youtano, uye chengeteko yavose, kunyange muminda yakachengetwa namagamuchidzanwa kunyika.

Simba Rokunzvera Nokutarira

Dare rine simba rakananga rokunzvera mibato yebazu yavakuru vakuru nomufambiro womunhu oga une chokuita nomutemo. Matare eCongregational anogona kupa chipupuriro chapashoma, uye kuzvidza vanhu. Iri simba routariri rinokosha kuita kuti masangano azvidavirire uye azivise vanhu. Dare Gurusa rakabvuma chiremera cheCongress sechinoongorora sechinoiswa mumitemo yemitemo, kunyange zvazvo chiri pasi pemiganhu yemitemo (g., 5 programmendment dziviriro dzinodzivisa kuzvitonga).

Ganhuriro Pasimba Renyika: Macheki, Dzikamo, uye Kushanda Kwamagariro

Masimba ehurumende yehurumende haasati ari makuru. Gadziriro ye yemitemo nedzinodzikama [ inovimbisa kuti bazu rimwe nerimwe rinogona kunzvera dzimwe. Purezidhendi anogona kunyora mutemo; Congress inogona kupfuudza mativi maviri namatatu. Dare repamusoro rinogona kurova mitemo serisina kuganhurirwa, asi Congress inogona kugumisa mutemo kana kuti kukarakadza muganhu. Purezidhendi anogona kudzorwa uye kubviswa. Mukuwedzera, hurumende yehurumende inoganhurirwa naBill wekodzero dzekodzero nedzinotevera. ganhuriro dzinodzivirira rusununguko rwakasununguka, kusimbisa mufambiro, kudzivirira kworudzidziso, mutevero wakaenzana, uye kupfuura.

FEderalis inodzivisawo simba rehurumende. Bumbiro reMitemo rinochengeta mabasa akawanda kunyika, akadai sekufambisa sarudzo, kutungamirira kuchengetwa kwomutemo womunzvimbomo, kudzora kutengeserana kwomunzvimbomo, uye kugovera dzidzo yavose. Manyika anogona kuedza namasangano (anowanzonzi “masangano edemokratiki”) apo hurumende inogadza mipimo miduku yamarudzi. Dare rapamusoro rine miganhu yakaiswa panhambo nenhambo pasimba renyika, somu United States. Lopez[FL:3] [19595]), iyo yakarova pasi zvikoro zvinorambidza mutemo wehurumende iri pedyo nemhaka yokuti rinopfuura Camps Claus Claus.

Chikonzero Nei Kunzwisisa Iwaya Masimba Kuchikosha

Hurumende yehurumende inobata rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwazvino uno: chengeteko yemirimo nemidziyo yezvokurapa, kunaka kwemhepo nemvura, dzikamo yegadziriro yebhangi, dziviriro yekodzero dzavagari vemo, kuchengetwa kwemigwagwa mikuru nenhandare dzendege, uye gadziriro yemari inotambirwa pamudyandigere. Vagari vanonzwisisa masimba ehurumende vanogona kufambira mberi zviri nani panzvimbo yehurumende, kutsigira chinjo dzemitemo, kuisa vakuru vakuru vakuru vanozvidavirira, uye kutora rutivi mune revo muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Uyezve, miganhu yesimba rehurumende inoedzwa nguva dzose. Ruzivo rutsva (kugadzirwa kwouchenjeri, zvinobudisa nhau dzenzanga, madronesi), denho dzenyika yose (kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, ugandanga), uye mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika ari kuchinja anoita kuti gakava rirambe riripo. Bumbiro remitemo rinogovera gadziriro, asi kubatanidzwa kunopfuurira kwomutemo, zvematongerwe enyika, uye vanhu ndiko kuchasarudza kuti hurumende yehurumende inoita sei chaizvoizvo.

mhedziso

Masimba makuru ehurumende yehurumende anorondedzerwa neBumbiro remitemo uye anoitwa kupfurikidza namapazu emitemo, anotungamirira, uye anotonga. Mitemo inoita mitemo, purezidhendi anoiita kuti iteeredzerwe, uye matare anoidudzira. Masimba okuwedzera muzvinhu zvokumwe, zvoupfumi, uye utariri zvinobvumira hurumende kuti ipedze zvinetso zvenyika yose. Aya masimba anodzikamiswa nokunzvera nokudzikamisa, hurumende, uye kodzero dzebumbiro remitemo dzinodzivirira vanhu nehurumende zvakafanana. Kunzwisisa ichi chivako hachisi chinhuwo chokudzidza chingori zivowo yougarikidzani munyika yakaoma.