Hwaro Hwerusununguko rweAmerica

United States Constitution inosimbisa chimiro chehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, asi igadziridzo dzinorondedzera ukama pakati pehurumende nomunhu. Chifo chokuvandudzwa kweBill of Rights muna 1791, Bumbiro reMitemo rakagadziridzwa kamakumi maviri nenomwe, newedzero imwe neimwe inoratidzira juzhiro yetsika yemagariro avanhu veAmerica nemhindumupindu yezvamatongerwe enyika. Munhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa mwero werusununguko rwavo rwevagari vemo, kunzwisiswa kwakakwana kweidzidzino kusangovawo bedzi dzidzo yedzidzo yekuva mugarikanwo yoruzivo. Nyaya inopa kuongororwa kwokuwedzera kukuru kwekodzero dzebumbiro remitemo inodzivirira kodzero dzako dzekare, kuongorora mashoko adzorwa mumutemo, kududzira pamutemo, uye kupfuurira kurarama muAmerica yazvinogara zviripo.

Bhuku Rekodzero Dzevanhu: Gumi Rokutanga

Yakaziviswa muna 1789 uye yakanyoreswa muna 1791, Bill of Rights yakaitwa mukupindura itiro hanya dzeAnti-Federast kuti Bumbiro reMitemo idzva rakaisa simba rakanyanyowanda muhurumende yorudzi. Iyi mhedziso gumi yokutanga dzinodudza zvirambidzo zvakati pachiremera chehurumende, kuchivimbisa rusununguko rukuru rwakava nzvimbo yehurumende yeAmerica inosarudzwa navanhu.

Kugadziridzwa Kwokutanga: Mutsetse Wokutaura Kwakasununguka

First Amendment inodzivirira rusununguko rushanu runokosha: rudzidziso, kutaura, kubudisa, gungano, uye maruramiro okukumbira hurumende nokuda kwezvichemo. Zvitsauko zvaro zvorudzidziso . Chigadziko chaClaus neFree Execree(fregie) zvinodudzira Dare pakugadza rudzidziso rwapamutemo uye kudzivirira kodzero yokushandisa kutenda kupi nokupi kusina vhiringidzo. Kutaura nemirau yokunyora inheyo yehurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika, inobvumira vagari vemo kutsoropodza hurumende pasina kutya kutsiva. Dare Gurusa rakadudzira idzi dziviriro nenzira yokufananidzira, kuvatambanurira kutaura, mipiro, uye kurukurirano yemifungo. Nhau dzenyika dzinoitwa se [FLT: 0]. Columian York Times.[F:] (196]) uye [5]

Kuchinja Kwechipiri: Kodzero Yokuchengeta Nokutakura Zvombo

Second Amendment inoti: "A Militia inosanodzorwa, ichiva iri madikanwa kuchengeteko yeNyika yakasununguka, maruramiro avanhu okuchengeta nokutakura Zvombo, haisati ichizodziviswa. Kuzhinji kwenhau yeAmerica, iyi gadziriro yakarondedzerwa sekodzero yakabatana nebatira yemasangano. Zvisinei, [[FLT: 0]] Mujingari weColumbia v. Heller[FLT] [200] [200] [200], Dare rapamusoro rakati maruramiro omunhu okuva nepfuti ane pfuti yezvombo nokuda kwebasa rehondo. [FLT] [FLT:] [FD] [FON] v.[FLT] [FLT] [FF] [FLT] [200]] [0]

Kuchinja Kwechina: Kuva Woga uye Kuchengeteka

Gemende yeChina inodzivirira vanhu pakunzvera kusina mufungo nehosha dzinoitwa nehurumende. Inoda kuti kuchengetwa kwomutemo kuwane gwaro rakavakirwa pachingabvira pamberi pokuita nzvero kana kuti kusungwa, kunze kwezvimwe. Iyi gadziridzo yave iri chinhu chikuru kurondedzera maruramiro emunhu oga muzera remitauro. Carmeter v. United States[FLT] [2017] [2017] , Dare rapamusoro rakatonga kuti hurumende inofanira kuwana chiremera chokuwana mashoko enzvimbo yeserura yenhau, ichiziva kuti ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runoita kuti kuongororwa kwoudzamende kwoupenyu hwomunhu. Chikamu chechina chechina chinonzi Confectived condeticlean in ault , zvikurukuru sokunzvera kupfuurira kushandura.

Kugadziridzwa Kwechishanu: Kuitwa Kwakakodzera Nokuzvipopotedza

Gadziriro yeFindreFment inogovera dziviriro dzakakomba dzinoverengeka nokuda kwavanhu vanotarisana noutsotsi. Inovimbisa kuti hakuna munhu achachengetwa kuzvidavirira nokuda kwemhosva huru kana kuti chinhu chine mukurumbira wakaipa pasina mutongo mukuru wedare rinotonga, inodzivisa ngozi dzakapetwa kaviri, uye inodzivirira pakumanikidzirwa kumanikidzwa. Chitsama chakakurumbira zvikurusa inzira i "Sected Procession Claus, iyo inotaura kuti hapana munhu achave "abhadharwa noupenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti chinhu, pasina muitiro wakafanira womutemo,." Chinyorwa ichi chakadudzirwa kubatanidza zvose zviri zviviri muitiro weprocracyculture (miitiro dzechipo) uye mutoo wakaderera wezvikwanidzo zvikuru (kudzivirirwa kwekodzero huru kusingatsaudzwi pachena). Marinda. v[FFFF:] [196] Chisaruso chamanyuro chakagadzwa chamapurisa kuti aziviswe pamutemo kupfurikidza nekodzero chokuva pamutemo chipfupikisa kutonze.

Kuchinja Kwezvisere: Utsinye uye Chirango Chisiri Chomuzvarirwo

Hurumende yeReformation ye8 inorambidza hurumende yehurumende kuisa mari yakanyanyisa, faindi yakanyanyisa, kana kuti zvirango zvoutsinye nezvisiri zvenguva dzose. Uku kugadziridzwa kwave kuri hwaro hwedenho kuchirango chorufu, zvikurukuru pamusoro pemitoo yokuuraya nayo uye kuurawa kwevaduku navanhu vane urema hwendangariro. Mu Furman v. Georgia [772], Dare guru rinomisa nenzira inobudirira chirango chorufu murutsiro munyika yose nemhaka yokushandiswa kwokuzviito kwomutemo, kunyange zvazvo gare gare gare rakadzorerwa nemiitiro yakadzokororwa mu . [[FLT]]] Georgia [[FLT]]]] . Georgia inoganhurra migarirowo migariro yetorongo, inorambidza nokuranga nokuranga kwoutsotsi.

Kugadziridza: Kuderedza Kuenzana

Pashure peHondo yeChizvarwa Chenyika Yose, kugadziridza kutatu kwakabvumirwa kutaura nezvemamiriro epamutemo evanhu vaimbova varanda uye kutanga gadziriro itsva yokuva mugari womunyika.Idzi gadziridzo dzakachinja zvikurukuru ukama pakati pehurumende yenyika, dzichiwedzera kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu.

Penjere Yechi13 (1865)

Pesvedzero ye13 yakabvisa uranda nouranda muUnited States yose. Yakanga iri yokutanga yeReconstructs uye yakamirira chinjo huru munzanga yeAmerica. Chibvumirano chinobatanidza kusiiwa: uranda husingazvidi hahubvumirwi "sechirango nokuda kwemhosva icho chechikamu chacho chichange chapiwa mhaka." Iyi rugwaro rwakakumbirwa munharo dzazvino uno pamusoro pebasa retorongo nerePremendement yechi 13th Reformation inoenderera mberi patsika yeruramisiro. Kugadziriswa kunopawo simba rokushandisa Hurumende kupfurikidza ne "mutemo wakarurama," iyo yakashandiswa kupfuudzira mitemo inorambidza chizivano yapa muganhu pachivande pasi peGwaro yeHurumende yeChirevoruzhinji ya19666.

American Standard Version ya1868)

Zvichida kugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo kunokosha zvikurusa pashure peBill of Rights, Gendhendment yechigumi namanat Reformation yakatanga kuva mugari wemo wekodzero dzakafanira, yakavimbisa muitiro wakafanira, uye yakavimbisa dziviriro yakaenzana pasi pomutemo. Chigaro chayo chounzi Claus chakapidigura Dred Scott v. Sandford[[[FLL:1]] chisarudzo kupfurikidza nokuzivisa kuti vanhu vose vakaberekwa kana kuti vakasikwa muUnited States vagari vemo vagari vemo vemo verudzi uye nyika umo vanogara. Mutevedzero weBasaunzi Clausce yakashandiswa kubatanidza naBill of Rights revotion, revolation, [5], (55]) muruvarame, uye muchato wakaitwa murusaiti.[5]

Mutezo Wechigumi Nezvishanu (1870)

Hurumende ye15 yeFirefumendi inorambidza hurumende dzehurumende nehurumende kuramba kodzero yokuvhota mugari wemo yakavakirwa pa "dzinza, ruvara, kana kuti mugariro wekare wouranda." Kunyange zvazvo chakanga chiri chiziviso chine simba, chipikirwa chayo chakazadzika zvikuru nokuda kwerinenge zana ramakore nemhaka yokuedza kunyora nokunyora, mitero yokuvhota, uye kutyisidzira kwamasimba masimba. Dare pakupedzisira rakamanikidzira kugadziridzwa kwekodzero dzavanhu kupfurikidza neVoting Rights Act ye1965, iyo yakabvisa miitiro mizhinji yeredhikiriniki. IPramendement inoramba iri madikanwa nhasi, senharo pamusoro pemitemo inozivisa kuva munhu, gerryderman, uye fensing transformation inopfuurira.

Kuchinja Kwezana Remakore Rechimakumi Maviri: Kuwedzera Kuchinja

Zana ramakore rechimakumi maviri rakaona kuwedzerwa kwekugadziriswa kunomwe, kunoverengeka kwakwo kwakakudza maruramiro okuvhota ndokutaura nezvokutora rutivi kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Penjerero Yechigumi Nechipfumbamwe (1920)

Pashure pamakumi amakore echiito chechiito chezvitsigiri zvavakadzi vakadai saSusan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, uye Alice Paul, Demende ye 199 yakapa vakadzi maruramiro okuvhota. Kugadziriswa kwakanga kuri mugumo werwisano refu yaibatanidza zvose zviri zviviri rwisano dzemitemo nokusateerera pamutemo. Kushandiswa kwayo kwokuzvidzora hakuna kuvimbisa nokukurumidza kuwanwa kwavose nokuda kwavakadzi vane ruvara rwakasiyana-ngo(8) asi kwakaisa nheyo yomutemo wekodzero dzokuvhotera wakatevera. Demendementment yakashandura hurumende inosarudzwa naAmerica kupfuudzirazve kuenzana kwouvatana mumativi ose oupenyu.

Penjeredziso yechimakumi maviri nemana (1964)

Mutezo weChine china makumi maviri namane wakabvisa mitero yokuvhota musarudzo dzehurumende. Mitero yezvokushambadzira yakanga yashandiswa zvikurukuru munyika dzeMadokero pashure pokugadziridzazve kubvisa vavhoti veAfrica neyakaderera. Kupfurikidza nokubvisa mhinganidzo iyi, kugadziriswa kwakabvisa mhinganidzo yokuvhotera yakaramba iripo kwamakumi amakore. Dare Rapamusoro pagore gare gare gare rakatambanudzira kurambidza kuhurumende nesarudzo mu Harper v. Virginia State Board of EFoctes [1966], kudzosera mitero yokuvhotera mitero yokuvhotera sechisiro yeSarudzo yeSangano Yomunzvimbomo mu [FLT]

Mubatanidzwa Wezvikamu Makumi Maviri Nezvitanhatu (1971)

Chibvumirano Chamakumi maviri namatanhatu chakaderedza zera rokuvhota kubva pa 21 kusvikira ku 18. Simba rinosunda rapashure peiyi chinjo rakanga riri Hondo yeVietnam, mukati mayo mavarume vaduku vainyorwa pazera ramakore 18 asi vaisagona kuvhota vatungamiriri vakavatuma kuhondo. Chibvumirano chakasimbiswa munguva yakare (hwusingasviki mwedzi mina pashure pokutora kwakaitwa neCongress /_rected tsigiro yavose yakapararira. Kwakawedzera kusarudzwa nemamiriyoni ndokupa vagari vaduku inzwi rapamutemo mumuitiro wehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende.

Dzimwe Gadziridzo Dzinokosha

Kunyange zvazvo kugadziriswa kuri pamusoro apa kuchidzivirira zvakananga kodzero dzevanhu kana kuti kuvhota, vamwe vanoverengeka vakaumba pamutemo munzira dzinokosha.

Mutezo Wechi10: Kodzero dzeUnited States

Masimba e10 ePramendement haana kupiwa hurumende kana kuti vanhu. Kunyange zvazvo isingapikidzi maruramiro omunhu mumwe nomumwe, inobatira somuganhu wegadziriro pachiremera chehurumende. Dare re10th Amendment rakakumbirwa mukurukurirano pamusoro pouchangamire hwehurumende, kudzorwa kwepfuti, uye muitiro woutano. Prespz v. United States [1997], Dare rapamusoro rakaishandisa kurova mutemo wehurumende unoda hurumende nemitemo yomunzvimbomo kunzvera vatengi vepfuti.

Mutezo Wechi 11: Changamire Haawirirani

Kubviswa kwehurumende mu 1795, Kuchinja kwechi11 kunodzivirira kukwidzwa mudare rehurumende nevanhu vomunyika imwe chete kana kuti nyika.

Mhedziso Yechi 22: Miganhu Yemitemo YaPurezidhendi

Hurumende ye 22 yeFimendime, yakatenderwa muna 1951, inoganhurira purezidhendi kumashoko maviri ari muhofisi. Iyi gadziridzo yakanga iri mhinduro yakananga kuna Franklin D. Roosevelt's divice yenhambo ina. Nepo isingadziviriri kodzero dzomunhu oga mupfungwa yegamuchidzanwa, inodzivirira pakuiswa kwesimba mumunhu mumwe, nheyo inovakirwa kuhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica.

Nzira Iyo Kuchinja Kunomanikidzirwa Nayo Nokupikiswa

Kugadziriswa kweBumbiro reMitemo hakurevi kuzviparadza; dziviriro dzavo dzinotsamira pakududzira kwedare uye chiito chemitemo. Dare Gurusa rinoita basa guru mukurondedzera kugadziriswa kwenhau imwe neimwe. Somuenzaniso, revo yeChipiri yeConformation haina kujeka kusvikira Heller chisarudzo. Nenzira yakafanana, Kudzivirira Claus kwakashandiswa kukwidziridza nguva dzose nhau, kubva kurusarura rwechikadzi kuenda kumugariro wokupinda munyika. Dare rinogonawo kuita kuti kugadziriswe pamutemo, se maruramiro ekodzero [FLT].[FLT:]

Kunzwisisa iyi mijenya kunogonawo kudenhwa kana kuti kuganhurirwa nedudziro dzakatevera kana kuti mirau. Dare Rapamusoro panhambo nenhambo rakaramba kutambanudzira dziviriro dzakati kuti (somuenzaniso,) harina kuziva maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo kutarisiro youtano kana kuti dzidzo muMenderero Yemakore Yane 14 (Dziviriro).

Matanho Anoshanda Okuziva Kodzero Dzako

Kuziva icho Bumbiro reMitemo rinotaura inongova danho rokutanga bedzi. Kudzivirira zvizere kodzero dzako, rangarira zviito zvinotevera:

Nhaka Isingaperi YeMitemo Inodzorwa Nebumbiro Romutemo

Kugadziridzwa kwevimbiko yeUnited States kunopfuura zvigadzirwa zvenhau; zvishandiso zvipenyu zvinopfuurira kuumba kodzero nemabasa emunhu mumwe nomumwe weAmerica. Kubva paBill of Rights vimbiso dzekuratidza pachena uye mufambiro wakarurama kusvikira kuzvipikirwa zveReconstrument oflinement, uye kubva pakukura kwekusarudzwa kusvika pakuderera kwesimba rapurezidhendi, kugadziridzwa kumwe nokubatana kunoratidza kuzvipira kwenzanga yakarurama neyakasununguka. Sezvo rudzi runotarisana nezvinetso zvitsva zvemagariro, kuongorora kwamagariro, kugadziridza, uye mirangariro inochinja yezvakavanzika uye kuenzana nokududzirwa kwedare kucharamba kuri zvishandiso zvinokosha nokuda kwokudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu. Kunzwisisa izvi kunongova kubatanidzwa kwekodzero dzako hakungovi nezvokuzvi. Rudziro rwako hakungovi kubatanidzwa mugadziriro yezve yeAmerica.