Kuwiriraniswa Kwoutongi Hwemvura Nouchangamire Hworudzi

Mvura ndiyo nheyo youpenyu, bva kudzora kwayo kazhinji kazhinji kunova nzvimbo yehondo umo gadziriro dzapamutemo, fariro dzemari, uye maruramiro etsika dzinorwisana. Nokuda kwavanhu vemo munyika yose, mvura haisati iri chiwanikwawo zvacho asi chinhu chipenyu chakaumbwa kuva chiratidzo, mutambo, uye kupukunyuka. Kutangwa kwemitemo yemvura pasina kuzivikanwa kwekodzero dzemo dzakatungamirira kutsika dzenyika, kushata kwemhoteredzo, uye kukakavadzana kwakakomba kwemitemo. Uku kunzvera ukama hunokosha pakati pomutemo wemvura nekodzero dzandinoziva, kuongorora kusaruramisira kwenhau, zvinetso zvenguva ino, uye nzira kudzorwa kukodzero dzemvura dzinodzorwa nedzinotsigirwa.

Mavambo Ekodzero Dzemvura Dzevagari Vomunyika Imwe Chete

Kodzero dzemvura dzevagari vemo dzakavakirwa mumiitiro yapamberi pezvigarwa zvehurumende, mutemo wetsika, uye batano yomudzimu. Nyika zhinji dzinogara munyika dzinorangarira mvura sehama yokunyama kana kuti chipo chinoyera chinofanira kudzivirirwa nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi. Iyi mirangariro yenyika inopesana zvikuru namaparadhimu emitemo yokuMadokero anorangarira mvura sechinhu chinofanira kugoverwa, chokuva nayo, uye chokutengeswa. Kunzwisisa uyu musiano mukuru unokosha mukugadzira mitemo yemvura inoremekedza uchangamire hweIcrost.

Zivo Yamagamuchidzanwa Nokutarisira Mvura

Mitemo yezivo yemo yakaramba iripo kumitengo yemvura yezviuru zvamakore kupfurikidza nemiitiro yakadai sokufudza kwemafuro, kudzorwa, uye kukohwa mwaka. Iyi nzira inosimbisa dzikamo, kukwirira, uye utano hwenguva refu hwezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo. Somuenzaniso, Māori[[FLT] [[FLT]] muAotaroa New Zealand inorangarira mvura kuva chinhu chipenyu chine maruramiro acho, pfungwa yakapesvedzera kuzivikanwa kwapamutemo kwoRwizi rweWhannui semunhu wepamutemo. Nenzira yakafanana, [[FLT:] Anishbe] muGreat Lakeslandsss anotevera [FLD:] jings Provelmes [FFFFT]

Pasinei zvapo nokushanda kwakabvumikiswa kwezivo yegamuchidzanwa, muitiro mukuru wemvura kazhinji kazhinji unoderedza kana kuti kufuratira chose chose mifungo yeIndal. Uku kubvisa hakusati kuchingoputsa bedzi kodzero dzokuzvarwa nadzo asiwo kunotorera kudzorwa kwemvura magadzirirwo anokosha, zvikurukuru munguva yokuchinja kwokunze kunokurumidza. Nzvero iri kukura, kubatanidza basa rinoitwa na United Nations , inosimbisa dikanwo yokubatanidza zivo yeILT kuva pamutemo mumvura inodzora sezvose zviri zviviri nhau yokuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu okunze apasi nemhoteredzo yazvokunzeve.

Nhoroondo Yacho: Kugara Mumvura Nokuparara

Kudzingwa kwamaruramiro emvura emo hakuparadzaniswi kubva munhau yakafara yokutora nyika. Masimba echikoroni akaisa mitemo yemvura inozivikanwa bedzi kuti ive munhu oga, kudzima maruramiro etsika pasina kubvunza kana kuti muripo. Munharaunda dzakawanda, dzidziso ye yakavanzika[ nenheyo ye yokutanga munguva, kutanga murudyi[ yakabvisa nzanga dzeIFLT pamigovero yemvura.

Treaty Rights Nemvura

MuUnited States neCanada, zvibvumirano kazhinji kazhinji zvakachengetera maruramiro emvura nyika dzinogara, asi idzi maruramiro gare gare akaparadzwa nemitemo. Winters v. United States Dare rapamusoro rakagadza kuti apo hurumende yeU.S. yakaita kuti maIndia okuAmerica ave nenzvimbo dzawo, yakachengeta chose chose mvura yakakwana kuti iite zvinangwa zvenzvimbo idzodzo. Zvisinei, decadedes yezvinetso zvinodzorwa pasi pevhuro nemitemo yakasiya ndudzi dzakawanda dzisingakwanisi kuwana mvura yadzo pamutemo. Somuenzaniso, Rudzi rweNavajo rwakarwa kwamakore anopfuura zana kuti ruchengetedze Rwizi rweColorado nedzimwe mvura, runopfuurira kurwisa nhasi.

MuAustralia, chisarudzo che [FLT] cha1992 chaizivikanwa kuti ikodzero yokuzvarwa nayo kunyika, asi kodzero dzemvura dzakaramba dziripo dzisinganzwisisiki kusvikira Native Thitut Act 1993[ yakadudzirwa kubatanidza dzimwe kodzero dzemvura. Kunyange panguva ino, mapoka eIniversiteji anowanzova nekodzero dzisiri dzoga uye mhinganidzo dzokushandisa. Mamiriro ezvinhu e Abrigist neTors Islandsssssss anoramba akashata, nenzanga dzakawanda dzinowana mvura yakashata pasineiwo kurarama munyika dzine zvipfuwi zvakawanda.

Mabhuku Apamutemo: Kufambira Mberi Nemikaha

Mutemo wenyika yose wafambira mberi mukuziva kodzero dzemvura. United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Ivolden Peoples , yakagamuchirwa muna 2007, inosimbisa kodzero yavanhu veIvomhu yokuchengeta pfuma yavo yemvura uye kubatanidzwa mukutarisira kwavo. Chikamu 25 chinotaura zvakananga kuti: " IVANZUD [va] vane kodzero yokuchengeta nokusimbisa ukama hwavo hwomudzimu hwakatanhamara nohunova hwavo hwegamuchidzanwa kana kuti hwavatapukurirwa nokushandiswa, nyika, mvura namakungwa.[FLT]

Nenzira yakafanana, Chibvumirano paMitemo yeMitemo yeBhazabhari ne International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights [ chinogovera gadziriro dzinotsigira. Bva, kugadzirwa kwemibato yapamba kunoramba kusina kufanira. Nyika zhinji hadzina kubatanidzwa zvizere UNDRIP mumutemo werudzi, uye kunyange uko dzine, kuchengetwa kwakaderera.

Kusiyana - siyana Kwemitemo Yemvura

MuCanada, [[FT:0] British Water Sustadability Act ne Mvura yeCanada Act inoita miitiro nokuda kwokutora rutivi kweIndaneti, asi vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti iyi inzvimbo inosungirwa. [[FLT:] ... [FLT] ... yakaita kuti muganhu weMarudzi okutanga uitwe waidze wanzizve dziviriro yemvura inodzivirira inowirirana nekodzero dzomumba. MuLatin America, nyika dzakafanana ne zvinobatanidza [FLT] na [FLT] [F:] uye [FT]

South Africa Act yeNational Water ya1998 yakatanga murangariro we , unoisa parutivi mvura nokuda kwezvinodikanwa zvikuru zvavanhu nezvinochengeteka. Zvisinei, nzanga dzinopfuurira kurwisa nokuda kwokuwana kwakaenzana, semutoo wakakomba uye simba remari kazhinji kazhinji dzinopfuura nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo.

Zvinetso Zvenguva Ino: Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze, Kubudiswa Kwemvura, uye Kusashandiswa Kwemiitiro

Kuda kuchengetedza kodzero dzemvura dzevagari vemo kwakatowedzera kutyisidzira kwokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kubudisa zvinhu, uye kuisa zvinhu panzvimbo yazvo.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze uye Kupisa Kwemvura

Nzanga dzavagari vemo dzinowanzova munyika dziri mumativi apasi dzinova nengozi zvikuru yokusanaya kwemvura, mafashamo, uye kunyunguduka kwemvura. Somuenzaniso, MuArctic iri kuona percean perconfice nainjo dzinochinja mvura inodzongonyedza mvura. MuPacific Northwest, salmon inomhanya------kadzika kutsika neyazvo zvematunhu Yurok[ [] iri kuparara nemhaka yokudziyisa mvura nokuchinja mvura. Uku kudzokoromo dzinodzoka bedzi asi zviri pamutemo: sezvo shanduko dzemvura dzinovapo, kodzero dzemvura dzinovapo dzinova dzisina kuwanikwa, uye kazhinji nyika dzine simba rezvamatongerwe enyika dzinoshaiwa simba rekudzoka.

Kubudiswa Kwenyuko Nokushatiswa

Kubva paoiri muCanada kusvikira parithium yemigodhi muAndes, maindasitiri anotora mashoko anotyisidzira manyuko emvura ekwawo. Kumira Rock Sioux Tribe kushora Dakota Acces Pippine kwakava chiratidzo chenyika yose chokurwira kodzero dzemvura. Paipi, yakapindwa pasi poRwizi rwaMissouri, yakatyisidzira manyuko bedzi okunwa mvura. Nepo kutsutsutsumwa kwakakweva ngwariro yenyika yose, mugero wacho wakapedzwa pakupedzisira mumvumo yePuerrejiance Regiontion, kuratidzira chitambudzo chokudzivirira kodzero dzemvura dzeIGlobance panzvimbo yebhizimisi nefariro dzehurumende.

MuAustralia, mugodhi wemarasha Adani Carmichael (yakazodzokororwa seBravus) wakamutsa funganyo pamusoro pokuderera kwemvura muGarirea Basin, kuchitapura zvitubu zvitsvene zvenzanga dzeAborigine. Pasinei zvapo nedenho dzedare, mugodhi wacho wakapfuurira, uchisimbisa kusashanda zvakanaka kwemipimo yemhoteredzo inokundikana kutsanangura zvakafanira nokuda kwemipimo yetsika dzemvura yeIvoriji.

Kuchinja - chinja Kwemari uye Kuoma Kwemari

Kuda kuiswa mvura mumvura munyika dzakawanda kunopa tyisidziro imwe. Apo gadziriro dzemvura dzinotengeswa kuvashandisi vomunhu oga, nzanga dzemo dzinowanzorasikirwa nokuwana kwadzinogona namasimba okuita zvisarudzo. kodzero dzomunhu kumvura [, inozivikanwa neChibatanwa chaMarudzi muna 2010, inodzorwa kazhinji kazhinji apo vavariro dzemhindu dzinokunda zvinodikanwa zvoutano hwevoruzhinji netsika. Vakadzi vemo, avo kazhinji kazhinji vari vatengi vakuru vanounganidza mvura, vanotakura mutoro unorema usingasvikiki apo mvura inova isingasvikiki kana kuti yakashatiswa.

Fundo Dzavane Mhaka: Kuvhenekera Nzira Iri Mberi

Pasinei nematambudziko aya, vanhu vanobva munyika iyi vari kuedza kuderedza mararamiro evagari vemo kuti vasapinda mumvura uye kuti vakurudzire.

Rudzi Rwepasi Rwechena Nedziviriro Yeriva Ravaduku

Anishimabe[[FLT :1] yeWhite Earth zweni reMinnesota yakarwa kwenguva refu kudzivirira mupunga womusango (maniomin), zvokudya zvinoyera zvinotsamira pamvura yakachena, yakanaka. Mukupindura kushatiswa kwokucheneswa kwokuchera nokurima, rudzi rwakagadza Mutemo weManoulomin [[[FLT:], uyo unobvuma maruramiro omutemo omupunga wokuvapo, kukura, uye kuvandudza.

Māori neWanganui River Becuement

Muna 2017, New Zealand yakapfuudza Act , ichipa Winganui River kuva munhu wapamutemo uye kuziva Wannui iwi savachengeti. Iyi nzvimbo yechiratidzo yakaguma kurwisana kwapamutemo kwemakore 140 uye yakatanga chivako chamako apamutemo apo Incount uye vamiririri vehurumende vanotarisira pamwe chete rwizi. Muenzaniso wakanyandura nhano dzakafanana muCanada, Colombia, uye India, kuratidzira kuti kugadziridzwa kwapamutemo kunogona kuyananisa IGenegate nemamiriro ezvinhu pamusoro pemvura.

Marudzi Okutanga Nemvura Yakaisvonaka Muhurumende yeBritish Columbia

Coast Salphish na `Secwepec' Marudzi muBritish Columbia ari kupinda muzvibvumirano zvehurumende nezvibvumirano zveruwa uye zvehurumende kudzivirira masangano eSalmon-active. [[FLT]] [[FLT]] British South Surative Act [ iri kubvumira chirongwa chenzanga che kuti zvisarukidze zvirongwa zvenzanga zveruwa nezvehurumende [ zvinobatanidza mitemo nemiitiro. Nepo fambiroko iri zvishoma, iyi kurukurirano inogona kutungamirira kuva nezvinobudirira zviri nani zvikuru.

Nzira Dzokutungamirira Kumutemo Wemvura Unoenzanirana

Kuchinja mutemo wemvura kuti uremekedze kodzero dzevanhu vomunyika yacho kunoda kuchinja kwemitemo, vatsigiri, uye nzanga kuti vashande pamwe chete vachichinja zvivako zvokutonga, dzidziso dzepamutemo, uye mari yavanoisa pakutanga.

Kubvuma Kwakasununguka, Kunokosha, uye Kusina Kuziva (FPIC)

Pakati pegadziriro ipi neipi yemvura inheyo ye yakasununguka, pamberi, uye kubvumirana kwamuziviswe , sezvinotaurwa muUNDRIP. FPIC inoda kuti nzanga dzeIndation dzisangobvunzwa bedzi asi dzipe kana kuti dzisabvumire nokushingaira chirongwa chipi nechipi chinotapura zviwanikwa zvadzo zvemvura chisati chapfuurira. Iyi nheyo inofanira kuva inomanikidzirwa pamutemo, kwete kungovawo zvayo inodzorwa. . ndudzi dzakafanana ne uye [FLT:] NAL] [FLT:]

Kubatana uye Kutarisira Pamwe Chete

Fambisero dzinopa nyika nyika chiremera chakaenzana pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvemvura zvinoshanda zvikuru kupfuura mabasa okudzosa. Mienzaniso inobatanidza Lakes Mvura Huru Remodeficial Audition[[FLT 1], iyo inobatanidza kumirira kwedzinza, uye Salmon Recovery Plan [ muPacific Northwest. Iyi mienzaniso inoda kuvakwa kwebasa mukati memataunzika, pamwe chete nezvamatongerwe enyika kuti zvigoverane simba. Kushandiswa kweIGODHPRD.

Kupinza Zivo Yegamuchidzanwa Musayenzi Nokudzora

Gadziriro yemvura inofanira kufamba kupfuura kubvumwa kworuzivo rwegamuchidzanwa kupfurikidza nokubatana kwechokwadi. Ikoku kunoreva kutsigira nemari kunzvera kwavagari vemo, pamusoro pouchangamire hwemibatanidzwa, uye kurovedza masayendisiti asiri vagari vemo navanogadzira mitemo mukuzvininipisa kwetsika. Somuenzaniso, Hurumende yemvura yeMadokero yeMadokero yakatongerwa kuUniversity inoshanda kuumba zivo nendudzi, kugadzira matururo okuronga mvura ayo ane mipimo yeMadokerokumadokero neyokuMadokero.

Kuchinja Nokurevererwa Kwomutemo

Mitemo yemvura iripo munyika dzakawanda yakanyorerwa kubatsira vagari vomumakoroni uye vashandisi venzvimbo dzinogadzirwa zvinhu. Kudzosa kana kudzosa mitemo iyi kuti izivikanwe kodzero dzemvura yemo iri madikanwa. MuUnited States, Indian Rater Rights Settlement Act[ Act yakagovera gadziriro yokupedza zvikumbiro, asi misha kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inononotswa kwamakumi amakore. Congress inofanira kudirana mutoo namakaro akazara. MuCanada, kuchinja Mutemo weIndian weIndian uye kushandisa UNDRIP kupfurikidza nomutemo (zvakaita naBill C55] inhano yeda.

Chinjo Yetsika Nemari

Kuremekedza kodzero dzemvura dzevagari vemo hakusi musengwa wepamutemo bedzi asiwo chinhu chetsika chinodiwa uye chinoshanda. Nzvero dzinoratidza kuti nyika dzinogara munyika dzine mamo kazhinji kazhinji dzine mhoteredzo dzakanaka kupfuura nzvimbo dziri pedyo. World Resources Institute [ yakawana kuti ndima dzemo dzinochengeta 80% dzezvinhu zvipenyu zvenyika, zvizhinji zvadzo zvinotsamira pamvura yakachena. Uyezve, kuisa muIVHNDA rezition wirira remvura nokudzora kunopazarura kupfurikidza noutano hwakavandudzwa, uye kutarisirwa kwamanyuko.

Kundikano yokunatsiridza kodzero dzemvura dzevagari vemo inopfuurira njodzi, urombo, uye rwisano. Nzanga dzisingavimbiki mvura dzinotarisana nehosha dzinodzivisika, kurasikirwa nemikana yedzidzo, uye kushata kwetsika. Hurumende yeCanadia kukundikana kwamakumi amakore okuguma mvura yokunwa kwenguva refu pamatura eMarudzi okutanga /Apose zvipikirwa zvinodzokororwazve, zvinoderedza mutengo wekusashanda kwavanhu.

Mugumo: Kudana Kuchinja Kukuru

Ukama pakati pomutemo wemvura namaruramiro orudzi hunovakwa nekusaruramisira kwenhau, kuoma kwapamutemo, uye rwisano yetsika. Bva hunopawo mukana wechinjo. Kupfurikidza namashoko eIvold, pamusoro pezivo yegamuchidzanwa, uye kugadziridzazve gadziriro dzemarongedzero, nzanga dzinogona kuvaka masangano emvura ayo asingatsigirwi bedzi asi anoruramisira. Kufamba kwepasi pose nokuda kwe [[FLT:] uchangamire hwemvura [[FLT:]] na [FLT] na [FLT:]