Kutanga: Chivako Chedziviriro Yemari muIreland

Ireland yakatanga senzvimbo huru yemari neruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, inogara mabhangi makuru, vagadziri vemichina inogadzira zvinhu, uye vagadziri vemarudzi akawanda. Pakati pezvinhu izvi zvine chirongwa chapamutemo chetengiso chemitemo mukutevedzerwa kwemari. Iyi isati iri gadziriro yemitemo inodzorwa; ichivako chakagadzirwa nokungwarira kudzikamisa kuvandika kwevatengi, kutsiga kwegadziriro yemitengo, uye kutanga zvinhu zvitsva. Mutemo weIrish unoshanda mukati mechikamu chakapetwa kaviri: mutemo worudzi wakadai seData Detection Act 2018 uye kunyanyodzora miraumbiso yeEuropean Union, zvikurukuru kudzivirira Tem yeDGPR. Kunzwisisa ichi shoorwa kwounyanzvi kunokosha nokuda kwesangano ripi neripi remari muIreland kana kuti Ireland.

Nyaya ino inotaura nezvezvinodiwa nemutemo, utungamiriri, kuzviisa pasi, kuoma kwepfungwa, uye kuongorora mashandiro anoita mashoko mubhizimisi reIreland.

Nzvimbo inochengetedzwa: Data Protection Act 2018 neGDPR

Kudzivirira Kunoita Mari 2018

Yakaziviswa pana 24 May 2018, Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA 2018) ndiwo mutemo mukuru wepamusha unowedzera nokushandisa GDPR muIreland. Inotaurawo nzvimbo dzinoverengeka umo GDPR inobvumira nyika dziri mitezo kusuma gadziriro dzakati, kubatanidza kugadzirwa kwemazita omunhu oga nokuda kwebasa, zvinangwa zvedare, uye, zvakatoipa, nokuda kwokuzviisa pasi nemari nemari inopesana. DPA 2018 inosimbisawo masimba eDSC Protection Commission (DPC) uye kubudisa zvirango zvezvikweretiso zvemari isiri yemari.

Kuwedzera Kunoita Kukura

GDPR ( Regation (EU) 2016/676) inoshanda zvakananga munyika dzose dziri mitezo, kubatanidza Ireland. Nokuda kwemitengo, GDPR inoisa migariro yorumano pakuunganidzwa, kuchengetwa, uye kugoveranwa kwemitengo yomunhu oga. Masangano emari anofanira kuziva hwaro hwapamutemo pamubato uri wose wokugadzira. Zvisaririra zvechisaririra muiyi chikamu chinobatanidza:

  • Konsi: Inodikanwa nokuda kwemashoko akati okutengesa kana kuti okusarudza, asi hakuwanzoringaniri nokuda kwokugadzirwa kwenhau.
  • [[FFT:0] Chinodikanwa: Kuronga kuri madikanwa kuita muripo kana kuti kuchengeta kaundi.
  • [ Musengwa wemitemo: Kufambira mberi kunorairwa nemitemo inorwisana nemari inobhadharwa kana kuti mitero.
  • Tsitsi dzinoshandiswa nokuda kwokudzivirira kubiridzira uye fungidziro dzengozi dzechikwereti, dzinoiswa munzvero yokudzikamisa.

Kubatanidzwa kwenheyo idzi nenheyo dzakarongwa pasi apa kunoumba mhoteredzo yokuteerera ine mitsetse inoda zvinyorwa zvokungwarira.

Nheyo Dzemashoko Dzokufambira Mberi Mumabasa Emari

Mazano matanhatu eGDPR, anooneka muDPA 2018, ndiwo akatanga kugadzirwa kwemitemo.

Kuteerera Mutemo, Ururamisiro, uye Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka

Masangano ezvemari anofanira kuzivisa vatengi mumutauro wakajeka, unosvikwa pamusoro pemashoko ari kuunganidzwa uye chikonzero nei. Ikoku kunowanzoitwa kupfurikidza nezviziviso zvakavanzika zvinopiwa panhau yokutanga uye pamberi pekugadzirwa kwebhizimisi. Kuona mativi anotambanukirawo kukuita zvisarudzo zvemotokari, zvakadai sokubatanidza kana kuti kunzvera kwamanomano echikwereti. Pasi peChikamu 22 cheGDPR, vanhu vane kodzero yokusazviisa pasi pezvisarudzo zvemotokari bedzi izvo zvinoparira miuyo yapamutemo, kutoti kubvumira kwakananga kana kuti chibvumirano chapamutemo chiri munzvimbo yazvo uye dziviriro dzakakodzera dzakagoverwa.

Dziviro Dzine Chinangwa

Tsigiro inounganidzwa nokuda kwokuendesa tambo hadzigoni gare gare kugadziridzwa nokuda kwokutengesa pasina kubvumira kutsva. Vadzori veIreland vanomanikidzira ikoku nenzira yakasimba: sangano remari rinoshandisa mashoko anotengeserwa kuvaka rondedzero nokuda kwezvinangwa zvisiri zvemari. DPC yakabudisa nhungamiro inosimbisa kuti "kubvumirana kwokusatendeseka" hakushandi; zvinangwa zvinofanira kutsanangurwa nokubvumiranwa somunhu mumwe nomumwe.

Kuderedza Mashoko

Mazita bedzi ari madikanwa nokuda kwechitengo chakati anofanira kuongororwa. Somuenzaniso, kugadzira kadhi remari rekutenga hakudi mwero wemari inotambirwa kana kuti nhau yebasa. Zvisinei, nokuda kwekuvamba kwechikwereti, mashoko emari akawanda zvikuru angaruramiswa. Nheyo yokuderedza mashoko ingapesvedzerawo chinyorwa: masangano ezvemari anowanzodikanwa nemitemo (g., mitemo yeAML) kuchengeta mashoko kwamakore mashanu pashure pokupera kweukama, asi haafaniri kuchengeta udzame husiri madikanwa kupfuura nguva iyoyo.

Kururama

Mumashoko ezvemari akarurama anogona kutungamirira kukuderera kwebvumirano, mishumo yechikwereti isina kururama, kana kuti kunyange zvirango zvokudzosera. Inhindi dzinofanira kushandisa miitiro yokuvandudza mashoko omutengi nokukurumidza, zvakadai sechinjo dzekero kana kuti mugariro. DPC inokarira kuti nhau dzemaidi dzinogona kukumbira kugadziriswa zviri nyore uye kuti zvikanganiso zvinoziviswa mukati zvinoruramiswa pasina kunonoka.

Kuganhurirwa Kwekuchengeta

Nepo mitemo yakaumbwa neboka (zvikurukuru, Central Bank yeIreland nokuda kwezvinyorwa zvemari) ingaraira nhambo dzokuchengetwa kwamakore mashanu kusvikira kunomwe, masangano haafaniri kuchengeta nguva isingazivikanwi nokuda kwebetsero. Mitemo yokudzima yakachengeteka, kubatanidza mubumbiro wamakopi okuchengeteka, inofanira kunyorwa nokuongororwa. GDPR’s "rightreasurence" (Artley 17) inoshanda, kunyange zvazvo ichiganhurirwa apo mashoko anodikanwa nokuda kwokubvumira kwapamutemo kana kuti misengwa.

Kutendeseka uye Kuva Akavanzika

Mitemo yemari inoda zvikurusa nokuda kwavashandisi veICT Control yeICPR. GDPR inoda matanho ounyanzvi nesangano zvakadai sekunyora mashoko enyaidzo, ganhuriro, uye kuedzwa kwechengeteko kwenguva dzose. Bhanking Authority ([FLT: 0] MITENDERO paICT na Security Agement Management Control)) inorayirazve mipimo chaiyo yechengeteko yemari inobhadharwa. Mabhiza anofanira kuziviswa kuDPCCC mumaawa 72 apo pane ngozi kukodzero nerusununguko.

Mitumbi Inodzora: Ganhuriro Dzokushandira Pamwe

Basa Rokudzivirira Roruzivo Rwezvinhu (DPC)

DPC ichiremera chakazvimirira cheIreland chinopa mutoro wokutsigira kodzero dzokudzivirira mashoko. Chine simba rokunzvera zvichemo, mufambiro, ziviso dzokutarisira, uye kuisa faindi dzokutarisira kunosvika kumamirioni 20 kana kuti 4% echinjo yenyika yose yegore negore, ipi neipi. DPC yave ichishingaira zvikuru murutivi rwemari, ichibudisa faindi inokosha mukurwisana namabhangi anoverengeka amarudzi akawanda eGDPR anoputsa mutemo ine chokuita negadziriro dzakashata dzekubvumirana negadziriro dzinoshata.

Central Bank yeIreland

Central Bank inotarisira kutsigisa nokuzvibata kwezvemari. Courage Traffier Conquence 2012 inoisa zvimwe zvinodikanwa zvokubata madata, kubatanidza kururama, kujeka, uye kodzero yemashoko. Central Bank rinomanikidzirawo European Union (Mitemo yemari) 2018 (Kuita kuti PSD2). Iyi mirau inoraira mutengi akasimba kusimbisa (SCA) uye ganhuriro dzakakomba pakushandiswa kwemazita renhau kupfurikidza nezvikamu zvechitatu zvemari inobhadharwa.

Kutarisira Kwakanaka

Mutsika, DPC neCentral Bank zvinotsinhirana panhau dzehurumende imwe chete. Somuenzaniso, apo kuputsika kukuru kwemashoko kunoitika pabhangi, vose vari vaviri vanganzvera: DPC mumurangariro wokuva voga uye Central Bank kubva kudzikamo yemari nedziviriro. Masangano anofanira kuva nezvirongwa zvedavidzo zvakasimba izvo zvinogutsa zvose zviri zviviri kariro.

Kuronga Tsamba Dzine Mitemo Yemapoka

Basa Rokubhadharwa Rinorayira 2 (PSD2)

Deparezwo rePresurement Drace Directive (EU/23666) yakadzokororwa mumutemo weIrish seEuropean Union (Mabasa okubhadharwa) Mitemo 2018, yakagadziridza kugadziridzwa kunoitwa kwamashoko okutenga mari. PSD2 inosuma pfungwa ye "vhoopen banki," inoda kuti mabhangi ape mari yokuwedzera yechitatu yemari (PISP) uye masangano emashoko okuwana (AISP) kumunhu ari kutengi. Izvi zvinoumba ganhuriro yakakomba pakati pekugadzirwa kwebasa nedata.

  • Kuedza (SCA): mari zhinjisa yemagetsi inoda kuva nechokwadi chezvinhu zviviri zvinoshanda zvichishandisa zivo, kuva, uye zvinhu zvisingawirirani.
  • Udzori hwokupinda: Mabhanki anofanira kugovera TPP nemubatanidzwa wakatsaurirwa (API) unoganhurira kuratidzirwa kwemashoko kuri madikanwa nokuda kwebasa rakakumbirwa.
  • [ mirau inoshanda: Nemashoko akawedzerwa anouya zvisakiso zvakajeka nokuda kwemibatanidzwa isina kutenderwa kana kuti kuputsa mashoko.

Kurwisana Nemari (AML) uye Kuvhozhokera Murwi (CTF)

Mutongi weCriminal (Mari Launding and Terrist Finansing) Mabasa 2010-2021 anoisa misengwa mikuru yokuronga mashoko pa “vanhu vakasarudzwa,” kubatanidza mabhangi, mibatanidzwa yechikwereti, masangano anobhadhara mari, uye vanopa mari yezvishandiso. Mitemo iyi inoda kuti:

  • Kushingaira kwakafanira (CDD): kuunganidza nokusimbisa mashoko ezivikanwo (zita, kero, musi wokuberekwa) pamberi peukama hupi nohupi hwebhizimisi hunopfuurira.
  • [ Zvinyoreso zvekuva muridzi webhizimisi: Kuzivisa varidzi vakuru vevatengi vebhizimisi.
  • [ Kuongororwa kwokusaita zvinhu: kuongororwa kunopfuurira kwemibato yose yokuziva mubato unonyumwira.
  • Kuchengeta kwakanyorwa: Kuchengeta kutengeserana nezvinyorwa zvezivikanwo kwaanenge makore mashanu pashure pokupera kweukama hwebhizimisi.

Mharadzano neGDPR yakaoma: somuenzaniso, misengwa yeAML ingaruramisa kunyanyokwidza kodzero yenhau yenhau yokuwana chikwereti, asi kusvikira bedzi patambanuko iri madikanwa zvikuru. DPC yakabudisa nhungamiro yokudzikamisa aya mabasa anokwikwidzana.

Mitemo yeMabasa Anobhadharwa Nemirau yeMari

European Union (Mabasa okubhadharwa) Mitemo 2018 neEuropean Communities (Erectronic Money) Mitemo ya2011 inogadza mipimo yechengeteko yemashoko nokuda kweripo uye masangano emari. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinodikanwa zvokuchengetedza mari yavanotenga, kushandisira migumisiro yokudzivirira mashoko nokuda kwokugadzira jekiseni yakakwirira, uye kushuma zvinoitika zvikuru zvokushanda (kubatanidza kupunza mashoko makuru) kuCentral Bank.

Kubatsira Kunoita Kubatsira Mumisangano Yezvemari

Kudzivirira Kunoita Kuti Dziviriro DPIAAS (DPIAS)

Pasi peChikamu 35 cheGDPR, DPIA iri mumanikidziro "uko rudzi rwakati rwokugadzira rungaguma nengozi huru kukodzero nerusununguko zvavanhu vokuberekwa narwo". Muchikamu chemari, DPI sezvinodikanwa nokuda kwa:

  • Mwero mukuru wakarongwa wokuisa mifananidzo yapachine nguva mberi (sezviito, chikwereti chinoisa mifananidzo inosimbisa).
  • Kuronga mashoko ezvokugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu (sezvineiwo, kusimbisa inzwi nokuda kwebhangi rorunhare).
  • Kushandisa gadziriro itsva dzokutarisira dzinoshandiswa kuronga zvinhu dzichishandisa AI.
  • Kutanga bhangi rakajeka AP Is.

Audio DPI inonyora donzo rokugadzira, kudikanwa, wirirano, uye mipimo yengozi. Inofanira kuhwirudzurwa ndokuvandudzwa sezvo kugadzirwa kunochinja.

Kunyora Maputeni Nemarekodhi Emabasa Okuronga (ROPA)

Masangano ezvemari anofanira kuchengeta ROPA ine udzame sezvinodikanwa neChikamu 30 cheGDPR. Iyi chinyorwa chinofanira kuratidzira musengwa wose wemashoko okutenga: kubva kuunganidzwa kupfurikidza nemirau yebhangi yepaIndaneti kana kuti ATM, kupfurikidza namasangano ebhangi, kusvikira kuvagadziri vechitatu venzvimbo dzemari (jere., zvirongwa zvemakadhi, magedhi anobhadhara, uye kubvisa kana kuti kubvisa. Kunyora kwakarurama kwemashoko kunoita kuti zvigone kuratidzira, zvikumbiro, uye zvokunyora.

Kutarisira Ngozi Kwevatengesi Nechikamu Chechitatu

Mabhangi nenhumbi dzinowanzobatanidzwa mativi echitatu nokuda kwokugamuchira nzvimbo dzamatunhu, zvinorapa, kunzvera nokunyengera, uye tsigiro yavatengi. MudDPR, sangano remari rinoramba riri mutarisiri wemashoko uye rinosungirwa nokuda kwezvisaririra zvipi nezvipi zvinoparirwa nomugadziri. Matanho makuru anobatanidza:

  • Kushingaira zvakafanira pamiitiro yokuchengetedza yomutengesi.
  • Kushandisa chibvumirano chinosungirwa pasi peChikamu 28 chinorayira kuzviisa pasi peGDPR uye chinoganhurira kuedzesera kunoitwa.
  • Kunzvera nguva dzose kutarisirwa kwemashoko omutengesi (kana kuti kukumbira mapepa esoC2).
  • Kurangarira kuti mashoko omunhu oga anotamisirwa kunze kweEEA anodzivirirwa nedziviriro dzakakodzera (sezvineiwo, Standard Contractical Clauss kana kuti Corpy Corporate Rules).

Kurovedza Nokungwarira

Chikanganiso chavanhu chinoramba chiri chisakiso chikuru chokuparadzana kwemadata. Kurovedza kwakananga kunokosha. Vashandi vanofanira kunzwisisa zvinodikanwa zvokubvuma nokuda kwokutengesa, mapoka anobvumirana anofanira kuziva nzira yokubata nayo zvikumbiro zvokuwana vanhu mukati menhambo yenguva imwe yemwedzi, uye IT vashandi inofanira kurovedzwa mukushandiswa kwePSD2. DPC' Guidancence yezvishandiso zvinobatsira vanhu vamwe navamwe [[

Zvinetso Munzvimbo Yava Kugara Iye Zvino

Ngozi Dziri Kukura Dzemakemikari

Masangano ezvemari ndiwo anonyanya kuitirwa utsinye hwekurwisa kwapaIndaneti. Rudzikinuro, phishing, uye API vulnabial zvinogona kutungamirira kukuratidzirwa kwamashoko kwapanhambo nenhambo huru. 2022 Bank reInteal Stability Review yeIreland yeFitagement[[FL:1] yakasimbisa ngozi inoshanda kubva muzvinoitika zveIndaneti seitiro hanya huru. Kuchengeta maTOM ane tyisidziro dzinowedzera idenho inopfuurira, zvikurukuru nokuda kwamasangano maduku ane mari yakaganhurirwa.

Kuchinja Kuoma Kwenhungamiro

Mitemo mitsva yakadai seDigital Operal Resilience Act (DORA) uye EPrigation Regacy ichawedzera zvimwe zvinodikanwa. DORA, inoshanda kuvambira muna January 2025, inoraira kudzora ICT kwakakomba, kushuma kwechinoitika, uye kuedzwa kwokuzvishivira kwechitatu kwemasangano ose ezvemari muEU.

Kudzikamisa Mabhangi Aiva Pachivande Nezvinhu Zvisiri Zvevamwe

PSD2 yakasimba zvikuru kuvandudza asiwo kuwedzerwa kwemashoko okugoverana ngozi. DPC yakamutsa funganyo pamusoro pokuvara kwemashoko anowanikwa nevechitatu vegove rezvikamu zvekubvumira. Masangano emari anofanira kugadzira zvibvumirano zvokubvumira kuti vatengi vape kana kuti vapezve mukana pahwaro hwechinhu chimwe chete, kwete setendero yokufukidza jira.

Kutumirwa Kwezviziviro zveNyika Yose Post-Schrems II

Kushaikwa kwegadziriro yePunt of the Justice Union yeEuropean Union muna 2020 (Schrems II) kune mashoko akaoma kuendesa kuUnited States nedzimwe nyika dzechitatu. Masangano ezvemari anotsamira panzvimbo dzemakore dzakatsamira paUS anofanira zvino kuronga mamepu masvingo ose anofambiswa nokushandisa matanho okuwedzera, akadai sokunyora mashoko emashoko akanyorwa nevakuru vakuru vakaiswa paEEA. EU-US Officeal Framework (yakaiswa muna July 2023) inogovera basa idzva rokutambira, asi kuterama kwayo kwenguva refu inoramba isingavingi.

Zviitiko Zvomunguva Yemberi uye Nzira Yokugadzirira Nayo

Mutezo WeDzidziro yeEU Nokuwana Mari

Act yeEU Data yakakarakadzwa inoronga kuisa mitemo yokuwana nokushandisa mashoko anoitwa nezvishandiso zvine chokuita nemari. Mumamiriro ezvemari, izvi zvingawedzera kugoverana mashoko anopfuura mashoko eakaundi kuti zvibatanidze mabhii anobhadharwa akangwara uye mainishuwarenzi. Masangano ezvemari anofanira kuongorora iyi faira ndokubatanidzwa navadzori nokukurumidza.

Kuchinja Kwakajeka Nokuita Zvisarudzo Zvinodzorwa

EU AL Act, inokarirwa kupedzwa muna 2024, ichaisa zvinodikanwa zvakaganhurirwa pamagadziriro eAI espect anoshandiswa mukusimbisa, kunzvera kwokunyengera, uye kunzvera kwengozi. Vagoveri vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuona nokuoneka, utariri hwavanhu, uye kunzvera kukuru. Sungano ichada kuvandudza mifananidzo iripo uye kuita chisarudzo zvakakwana.

Kusimbisa Zvinhu Zvinowanikwa Zvinoshanda

Muna 2023, DPC yave ichiwedzera faindi yakakurumbira pamakambani makuru ezvoruzivo rwezvokugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye yakaratidza kuti yanga iri kunyanyofunga nezvemari. Masangano anofanira kubva pakuda kuita chimwe chinhu, kuva woga nokugadzira zvinhu zvitsva kana kuti basa rimwe nerimwe.

mhedziso

Gadziriro yapamutemo yemitengo yemitemo mukutengeserana mari muIreland igadziriro inoshanda, ine mhizha dzakawanda inoda kungwarira kwenguva dzose. Kuvambira panheyo dzehwaro dzeGDPR neDPA 2018 kusvikira kumirano yemubatanidzwa yePSD2, AML, uye masangano ezvemari anofanira kuruka mapepa anodzivirira mapepa ezvokutengeserana mumibato yawo. Iyi haisati iri bedzi pamusoro pokudzivisa fashoni; iri pamusoro pokuvaka chivimbo navatengi uye kuparira zvitsva zvinotsigirwa. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa nzvimbo inodzorwa, kuisa purogiramu dzinowirirana dzakasimba, uye kuramba kusati kwaita zvinoitika zviri kubuda, masangano anogona kuchinja kuoma kwapamutemo kuva betsero yamakwikwikwi. Nzira mberi inoda kuzvipira kubva mukamuri repurati kuenda kukuvara revhu kumusoro kumusoro, kwete kuva muripo mukuru.