Kutanga: Kudzika Miti Yembiru Mbiri Yeruramisiro

Gadziriro dzapamutemo muUnited States nemimwe miganhu mizhinji inozivikanwa navose iri pambiru mbiri huru: mutemo wavagari vemo nomutemo woutsotsi. Nepo vachigoverana nharidzano yokupedza gakava nokuchengeta nhevedzano, vanoshanda mumirau yakasiana, mipimo, uye zvinangwa. Nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi akatadzirwa. (kana kuti kupfurikidza nebvumirano yakaputsika, tsaona inoregeredza, kana kuti chiito cheutsotsi) kuziva kuti ibazu romutemo rinoshanda ripi rinogona kuita musiyano pakati pokuwana muripo nokuona ruramisiro. Iyi nhungamiro yakakwana inotsanangura misiyano yapakati, mishonga yakananga yebazu rimwe nerimwe inogovera, uye nhano dzinoshanda dzaunofanira kuita apo unotsvaka kugadziriswa.

Kunzwisisa Mutemo Wehurumende

Mutemo wehurumende unodzora kakavadzano pakati pezvikwata zvavanhu chaivoivo(_hin’oioms), mabhizimisi, kana kuti mamwe masangano. Kusafanana nomutemo woutsotsi, hurumende haisati iri mubato; panzvimbo pezvo, munhu anonzwa achitadzirwa anounza utsotsi pamunhu kana kuti chinhu chavanodavira kuti chakaparira kuvadziko (mupomerwi). Donzo guru romutemo wehurumende nderokuita kuti vakuvadzirwezve, kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nemubhadharo wemari, panzvimbo pokuranga muiti wechakaipa.

Mapati Nezvaanoita

Munhau yavagari vemo, mupomerwi anotanga chiito.Mukwiridziri, uye mhaka yacho inotongwa mudare rehurumende. Hurumende haitongi; inongopa bedzi mutongi mhaka.Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutongi ane mutoro wokuunganidza ufakazi nokubvumikisa mhaka yavo.

Chinangwa: Kubhadharwa, Kwete Chirango

Mushonga mumutemo wehurumende unenge nguva dzose kuvadziko dzemari. dare ringapa mubhadharo wokufukidza kurasikirwa chaikoiko (mabhiri okurapa, mibhadharo yakarasika, kugadziriswa kwezvinhu), uye mune zvimwe zvinoitika, kurashikirwa kuti zvidzivise mufambiro wakaipa. Mimwe mishonga inobatanidza kuita chaiko (kuraira boka kuita chibvumirano) kana kuti mirairo (kuraira boka kurega kuita chimwe chinhu). Jail haatongori chirango chehurumende.

Mutoro Woufakazi: Kufungisisa Ufakazi

Nhau dzavagari vemo dzinoda mukwiridziri kuti abvumikise nhau yake kupfurikidza ne kurangarira ufakazi. Ikoku kunoreva ufakazi hunofanira kuratidza kuti sezvingabvira zvikuru kupfuura (kupfuura 50% bviro) kuti mukwiridziri ane mutoro. Uyu mupimo wakaderera zvikuru kupfuura mupimo woutsotsi we “kupanikira kune mufungo.” Somuuyo, mukwirirwi anogona kurasikirwa nenhau yavagari vemo kunyange kana vasina mhaka.

Marudzi Anozivikanwa Navose Emhosva Dzavagari Vemo

Mutemo wevagari vemo unosanganisira kupopotedzana kukuru.

  • [[FOLT: 0] Kukakavadzana: Kusvika muzvibvumirano, kubva muzvibvumirano zvemibato kusvikira kuzvibvumirano zvokutengesa. Muenzaniso: Mutengesi anokundikana kuendesa zvinhu zvamakaripira.
  • zvinotaura: zvikanganiso zvavagari vemo zvinoparira kuvadziko kana kuti kurasikirwa. Ikoku kunobatanidza kuregeredza (tsaona dzemotokari, kusashanda zvakanaka kwezvokurapa), matorts namaune (assault, defication), uye chikwereti chakasimba (zvigadzirwa zvinoparira utachiona).
  • [ Kukakavadzana: kusawirirana, rwisano dzenzvimbo, kana kuti muridzi wenzvimbo.
  • [[[FL:0] Mutemo wemhuri:[ kurambana, kuchengetwa kwavana, tsigiro yavana, uye kutarisirwa kwokurera vana.
  • [[[FURO:0] probate nekakavadzano dzenzvimbo: denho kukuda kana kuti kutarisirwa kwenzvimbo.

Nokuda kwokupinda kwakadzama zvikuru mumuitiro wehurumende, Cornell Legal Information Institute yemvumo yetsika dzechimurenga [[FLT: 1] inyuko yakaisvonaka.

Kunzwisisa Mutemo Woutsotsi

Mutemo weutsotsi unobata nomufambiro unorangarirwa kuva unokuvadza kwazvo kunzanga yose zvayo zvokuti unorambidzwa nomutemo. Hurumende yacho inomirirwa nomuchuchisi (gweta reruwa, gweta rehurumende, kana kuti Attorney). Inounza pomero pamupomeri (mukwiridzi). Chinangwa chikuru kuranga mutadzi ndokudzivisa mhaka dzomunguva yemberi, nokudaro ichidzivirira vanhu.

Hurumende Somupomeri

Asi unoshuma mhosva yacho kumapurisa, uye hurumende inosarudza kana muchuchisi wacho achifanira kupomera mhosva yacho.

Chinangwa Chacho: Chirango Nokuzvidemba

Kurangwa kunogona kusanganisira kuiswa mujeri, faindi (rinopiwa kuhurumende), kupiwa mubayiro womunzanga, kana kuti kubhadharwa (kubhadharwa kwaiitwa munhu anenge aitirwa mhosva, kazhinji kacho kunoitwa sechimwe chezvinhu zvinonzi zvitsiviwa).

Mutoro Wouchapupu: Kupfuura Kusava Nechokwadi

Mutemo weutsotsi unoda mupimo wakakwirira zvikurusa woufakazi: kupfuura kupanikira kune mufungo. Ikoku kunoreva kurovererwa mhaka kunofanira kubvumikisa rutivi rwuri rwose rwemhosva yacho zvakakwana kwazvo zvokuti hakuna panikiro ine mufungo mundangariro yomutongi ane mufungo pamusoro pemhosva yomukwirirwi. Uyu mutoro unorema unodzivirira vanhu pakupwiswa kusina kururama uye unoratidzira miuyo yakakomba yechisarudzo utsotsi.

Kuratidzwa Kwezvakaipa

Mhosva dzinongokamurwa kuva mapoka matatu:

  • [[[FOLT: 0] Zvirango:[ mhosva dzakakomba dzinorangwa nerinopfuura gore rimwe mutorongo. Mienzaniso: kuponda, kubata chibharo, kuba, kupamba.
  • Misdemers: mhosva dzakakomba zvikuru dzine mitongo mikuru kusvikira kugore rimwe mutorongo. Mienzaniso: kuba kuduku, kudenha kusingadzoreki, DUI (mhosva yokutanga), kuparadza zvinhu.
  • Kudarika kuduku: Kunowanzorangwa nenguva yakaisvonaka uye isina kuiswa mujeri. Mienzaniso: matikiti okufambisa motokari, kurasa marara, kuputsa mutemo woruzha.

Nokuda kwendaza yakakwana yerondedzero, USA.gov nhungamiro kumitemo yamatsotsi inogovera mashoko anobetsera.

Misiyano Mikuru Pakati Pomutemo Wehurumende Noweutsotsi

Kunzwisisa kusiyana kwacho kuchakubatsira kusarudza nzira yaunofanira kufamba nayo.Pazasi pane zvinhu zvikuru zvakasiyana - siyana.

Kupinda Mumitambo Kunobatanidzwa

: Placttiff vs. Mukwirirwi wapachivande (anogona kubatanidza masangano ehurumende kana hurumende iri kutongwa, somuenzaniso, nokuda kwokupunza chibvumirano).
Hurumende (mutemendi) v. mukwiriri mumwe nomumwe.

Chinangwa

.CIIL:[ batanidza nyajambwa ndokupedza gakava dzapachivande.

Mutoro Woufakazi

CIIL:[ Kurangarira ufakazi (inopfuura 50%).
'Crimerime:[ Kupfuura kusava nechokwadi kune mufungo (kusvika 95 2999% uchokwadi).

Zvinobuda Pamugumisiro Nemagadzirirwo

: Kukuvadza kwemari (kubhadharisa, kuranga), mirairo, basa chairo. Hapana kusungwa.
Chirima:[[[FLT:]] kusungwa, faindi inobhadharwa kuhurumende, kugadziriswa, basa renzanga, kugadziridzwa, (kazhinji kurairwa sorutivi rwetongero yeutsotsi).

Kusvika Kumba Yokutambira

Civil: You have the right to hire a lawyer, but the government does not provide one if you cannot afford it. Many people represent themselves in small claims court.
Criminal: The Sixth Amendment guarantees the right to an attorney for all criminal prosecutions, and if you cannot afford one, the court must appoint one (public defender).

Kutongwa kweJury

[[FLT: 0] : Anowanika muzviitiko zvizhinjisa, asi asati achivimbiswa nokuda kwezvikarakadzo zviduku zvikuru. Ukuru hweJury hunowanzova huduku (mutoo, vatongi vatanhatu mumatare akawanda enyika).
tririminari:[ yakapikirwa nokuda kwemhosva dzakakomba (avo vanorangwa neinopfuura mwedzi mitanhatu mutorongo).

Kuziva Zvausingakwanisi

Mavhati akapararira norudzi rwechakaitika, (apo anenge makore 1-6) (muchib., makore maviri ekuvadziko yomunhu oga, 3-6 okuputsa chibvumirano).
triminari:[ kazhinji kazhinji] anoramba aripo, uye nokuda kwokuuraya kukuru kufanana nokuuraya kazhinji kazhinji hakuna muganhu wenguva.

Nemhaka yokuti iyi mitemo inosiana nehurumende, nguva dzose bvunza gweta romunzvimbomo. Nhamba yeNolo pamusoro pomutemo weganhuriro [[FLT: 1] inopa nzvimbo yakasimba yokutangira.

Nguva Yokutsvaka Kuchinjwa Mumutemo Womunyika

Mutemo wehurumende wakakodzera apo unenge watambura kuvadziko yomunhu oga kana kuti yemari isingabatanidzi kuputswa kwomutemo woutsotsi(kana kuti kunyange kana uchidaro, asi unoda kunaya kwemari. zvinoitika zvinotevera zvinotungamirira zvikurukuru kuchiito chehurumende:

  • Kupererwa kwechibvumirano: Mubato unokundikana kuita sezvakabvumiranwa, kuchiparira kurasikirwa kusingatsungiririki.
  • [ Kuvadziko yomunhu oga:[ Kuregeredza kana kuti chiito chamaune chakaparira kuvadziko yomuviri. Kunyange kana chiito chacho chakanga chiriwo mhaka (mutoo, kudenha), unogona kupomera mhaka munzanga nokuda kwekuvadziko.
  • [ Kukuvadza: Mumwe munhu anokuvadza motokari yako, musha, kana kuti imwe nzvimbo.
  • [[[FRANT: 0] Kuparadza: kutaura kwenhema kunokuvadza mukurumbira wako.
  • [[[FOL:0] Kukakavadzana kwokuparadza:[[FT:1] Kuparadza kwakaipa, rusaruro, kana kuti miripo isingabhadharwi.
  • Nhau dzeRowhordÍtenant:[ Dzinoisa kukakavadzana, kudzingwa pasina chisakiso, kana kuti kundikano yokuchengeta nzvimbo yakakotsekana.

Zvinhu Zvokufunga Nezvezvinoita Usati Wapfeka Chipfeko Chevanhu Vose

Ndyiko Nenguva

Kupa mutongo wavagari vemo kunogona kuva kunodhura uye kunononoka. Mitengo yemari inotengwa, mari yedare, mari inopupurirwa nenyanzvi, uye mari yokuwana zvinhu zvinoda mari inowedzera nokukurumidza. Kunyange kana ukawina, kuunganidza rutongeso kunogona kuva kwakaoma kana mukwirirwi asina zvinhu. dare rina mashoko maduku (pakakavadzano dzakati, kazhinji kazhinji $5 000 (Z $4 000) inogona kuva imwe nzira inokurumidza, inochipa-ringana pasina magweta.

Uchapupu Hukuru

Kana ufakazi hwakareruka, kukwidza matare kungava kupambadza. Kuunganidza magwaro, kutaura kwokupupurira, uye mishumo yenyanzvi nokukurumidza kunotsoropodza.

Kuziva Zvausingakwanisi

Kana nguva yacho yangopera, unenge watozotadza kuzadzisa nguva yacho zvachose.

Kuva Akanaka

Kunyange kana ukahwina, mupomeri anogona kubhadhara here?

Nguva Yokutsvaka Kuchinja Mutemo Woutsotsi

Mutongo wokutonga uri pahofisi yegweta reruwa, asi kushandira pamwe uye kupupura kwenyu kunokosha.

  • mhosva dzemhosva: Kurova, bhatiri, umbavha, kuuraya, masimba masimba omumba.
  • Mhaka dzemari nedzezvinhu: Kuzvinyima, kuba motokari, unyengeri, kuba chiziviso.
  • [ Mhaka dzemirimo: COM, kuparadzira, kugadzira.
  • mhosva dzemichero: Bhegi, kutengeserana mukati, kunzvenga mutero.
  • [[FOL:0] murairo wePublic utsotsi: Kutyaira, mufambiro usina nhevedzano, kuputswa kwezvombo.

Basa Rako Sechibharo Mukufambira Mberi

Kusiyana nemupurisa, haudzori nyaya yacho.

  • Batira pamwe nenzvero kupfurikidza nokugovera ufakazi nechipupuriro.
  • Kukumbira munhu ane zvaanenge akanganisa kuti araviwe pakutonga, kunogona kukanganisa chisarudzo chomutongi.
  • Tsvaka kubhadhara serutivi rwomutongo woutsotsi (dare rinoraira mupomeri kukuripira nokuda kwokurasikirwa).
  • Pinda dare uye ziva kuti nyaya yacho yafambira mberi (mitemo yekodzero dzemunhu inoda kuti izvi zviitwe munyika dzakawanda.)

Apo Kupomerwa Kwematsotsi Kungasaitika

Vatongi vane chisarudzo uye vangaramba kunyora pomero kana ufakazi husingaringaniri, utsotsi huduku, kana kuti nyajambwa asingashandisi. Muzvinoitika zvakadaro, kukwirira mhaka kwehurumende kungabvira (hwunyange zvazvo mhaka youtsotsi ikaregwa. Somuenzaniso, kana ukadenhwa asi muchuchisi anoramba kupomera mhaka, unogona kungokwirira muurayi nokuda kwebhatiri mudare ravagari vemo.

Kunyanya Kurova Nyaya: Apo Mutemo Wevagari Vemo Nowematsotsi Unosangana

Migariro yenyika yakawanda inobatanidza zvose zviri zviviri mhaka nechakaipa chavagari vemo. Muenzaniso wakakurumbira zvikurusa ndiI.J. Simpson: Simpson akasunungurwa kuupondi mudare routsotsi (kunze kwepanikiro ine mufungo) asi akawanikwa ane mhaka yorufu rwakaipa mudare ravagari vemo (kunangana noufakazi). Ikoku kunoratidza kuti chiito chimwe chetecho chinogona sei kutungamirira kukuitwa kwakasiana kwapamutemo nemiuyo yakasiana.

Zviitiko zvinowirirana zvinowanzobatanidza:

  • Assault nebhatiri: Munyajambwa anogona kushuma utsotsi kumapurisa uyewo kukwirira mudenhi nokuda kwekuvadziko.
  • [[[NHAU]] Tsaona dzokutyaira dzakashaikwa: Mutyairi anotarisana netsotsi DUI, uye boka rakakuvadzwa rinopomera kuvadziko yomunhu oga.
  • Fraud: Hurumende ingaunza pomero dzoutsotsi, nepo vanyajambwa vachinyora matare ehurumende nokuda kwokuripira kana kuti kuvadziko inoparira.
  • [ Chisimba chorumano: utsotsi hwedenho, kubatanidza zviito zvehurumende nokuda kwemirairo inodzivirira nezvirango.

Nenzira inokosha, kutenderwa kwoutsotsi kunogona kubetsera mhaka yehurumende nemhaka yokuti mukwirirwi angarambidzwa kuzivisa maidi akati (colteral estopel).

Matanho Anoshanda Okutsvaka Kugadziriswa

Danho 1: Ongorora Mamiriro Acho Ezvinhu

Kana mumwe munhu akakuba, udza mapurisa kuti kana akaputsa chibvumirano, tsvaka gweta kana usina chokwadi, bvunza gweta.

Danho 2: Tevedzera Uchapupu

Mabhuku emabhuku ezvekurapa, anonyatsoratidza kuti zvinhu zviripo.

Danho 3: Udza Utsotsi Hwakaitika

Kana uchifunga kuti pane mhosva yaitika, freta 911 kana kuti dhipatimendi remapurisa rokwaunogara.Kumbira nhamba yemhosva uye zita remupurisa anoongorora.

Danho 4: Ona Chinotambisa Chibayitsiro

Nokuda kwenhau dzehurumende, pinza basa gweta rinoita basa mumhaka yako (kuvadziko yomunhu oga, chibvumirano, mutemo wemhuri).

Danho 5: Funga Nechimwe Chisarudzo

Dzimwe nzira dzinoda kubhadharwa nokukurumidza uye dzinodhura. Mumhosva dzeutsotsi, kukumbira kunzi kuitwe kunoitwa nemhosva kunowanzoitwa uye kunogona kugadzirisa nyaya yacho pasina kutongwa, kunyange zvazvo vanyajambwa vacho vangava nezvinovatsigira.

Danho 6: Ziva Kodzero Dzako

Vanyajambwa vane maruramiro: kuti vaziviswe, kuti vavepo panguva dzezvinoitika, kutaura pakutonga, uye kutsvaka kudzorerwa. Muzvinhu zvakawanda, unogonawo kugadzira nhevedzano yedziviriro yavagari vemo (nhevedzano yokudzora) yakaparadzana nenhau dzoutsotsi. Office yaVanyajambwa veCrime (OVC) inogovera zviwanikwa zvenyika.

Mugumo: Kusarudza Nzira Yakarurama Yokutonga

Mutemo wehurumende unoita kuti vanhu vadzore kurasikirwa uye vashandise kodzero dzavo, nepo mutemo wematsotsi uchidzivirira nzanga uye uchiranga zvisiri pamutemo.

Vanhu vazhinji vanoronda nzira dzose dziri mbiri panguva imwe cheteyo: kushuma mhaka kumapurisa nokuisa dare rehurumende. Uku kurangarira kuviri kunogona kuwedzera bviro dzokuzvidavirira nebhadharo. Zvisinei, nzira imwe neimwe ine mitemo yayo imene, nguva, uye ndyiko. Nzira yakanakisisa yechiito inotsamira parudzi rwekuvadziko, simba roufakazi hwako, uye nharidzano dzako dzomunhu oga.

Kana usina chokwadi nepokutangira, kutaura negweta rine ruzivo ndiyo nzira yakavimbika yokuongorora nayo zvaungaita, kukubatsira kuti ushandise mitemo, kudzivirira kodzero dzako, uye kuona kana kukwikwidza mhosva, kana kuti zvose zvakakodzera.