Kutanga: Simba Remashoko Matatu

Chitsama chamashoko " Isu vanhu tinomira samashoko matatu okutanga eChitendero cheMitemo cheUnited States, uye chakadzokorora munhau yeAmerica kwamazana maviri amakore. Chirevo ichi chinopfuura kungotanga chete, chinozivisa chinotsigira tsika yose yemitemo munheyo yokuti chiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika chinoyerera kubva kuvagari vemowo zvavo panzvimbo paanobva kumambo, boka rinotonga, kana kuti murairo woumwari. Kunzwisisa revo iri shure kwaaya mashoko matatu kunoda kunzvera masangano oungwaru akaaumba, kubvumirana pane kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira zvinhu kwakareruka mutsika kunoaidzamira mutsika inova dzinova dzinova dzinova dzinova dzinova dzinova se vanhu.[FLT] [F:]

Apo vagadziri vakaungana muPhiladelphia muna 1787, vakatanga kugadzira hurumende yaigona kururamisa utera hweZvikamu zveConfederation nepo vachiremekedzawo rusununguko rwakawanwa muHondo yeRevolution. Chitsama " Isu vanhu" [ takanga tisiri hedu kutadza kutsanangura zvapakarepo, kutaura kwokushinga kwe uchangamire [[FLT]], pfungwa yokuti chiremera chehurumende chinotsamira pabvumirano yokudzorwa. Kunzwisisa zvizere revo, mumwe anofanira kunzvera nguva yenhau, miganhuro, uye kushanduka shanduka shanduka kunopfuurira kwazvinoreva kubatanidzwa mu “i. [wewe]

Nhoroondo Yacho: Convention yeConstitution yeConstitution ya1787

Bumbiro reMitemo rakarongwa pakati paMay naSeptember 1787 muPhiladelphia, zhizha rinopisa iro rakaparira mwedzi yekurukurirano huru. Nhume dzakamirira gumi navaviri vehurumende dzapakuvamba gumi nenhatu (Rhode Island yakaramba kutora rutivi). Vakanzwisisa kuti hurumende itsva yenyika inofanira kuva yakasimba kupfuura iyo yakaitwa neMitemo yeConfederation, asi ivo vakatyawo simba guru. [[FLT: 0]“ Isu Vanhu” yakanga iri kutsauka kwamaune mumutauro wePropo, uko kwakavamba “kuna vose avo avaPrecioces vachauya, isu takaisa pasi pevakwaidzo dzeNyika” — mamwe mashoko, akataura nokuda kwehurumende, kwete nokuda kwevagari vose.

Chinjo kubva “ isu takagadzwa kuvamiriri vakaderera veAmerica. kuenda [FLT] ku “ Isu vanhu” takaratidzira chinjo huru mugadziriro yeUnion. Bumbiro reMitemo idzva raizowana chiremera charo zvakananga kuvanhu veAmerica, kwete kubva kumitemo yehurumende. Ichi chakanga chisiri tsaona; chakanga chiri chibvumikiso chikuru chavarwi, vagari vemo vaigona kudzivirira rusununguko rwakanakisisa, ruramisiro, uye mirairo. Gouverneur Morris, mumiri uyo akanyoresa mutauro wokupedzisira wePregary, akanzwisisa kuti mashoko okuzarura aizoisa shoko rose.

Bva chitsama chamashoko chakapa miganhu yakadzika. Vagadziri havagoni kubvumirana pamusoro pokuti varanda vanofanira kurangarira savanhu kana kuti zvinhu, kana hurumende yehurumende ichifanira kuva nesimba rokubvisa kushambadza kwavaranda, kana kuti nzira yokudzikamisa nayo kumirira pakati penyika huru neduku. “Isu vanhu takavimbisa chinzwano, asi paKonquisition yeMitemo, vaAmerica vazhinji vakabviswa muna ikoko." Nharomedzo pamusoro pokuumbwa kwenzvimbo huru neduku. [FLT:]FLT] ] uye manyoro anorwisana neFedrast [5]

Basa Rokutanga Pakurasa Majee

Apo Bumbiro reMitemo rakapiwa kunyika nokuda kwokuparadza muna 1787178, mashoko okutanga ePregary akava danidziro inonyandura nokuda kwavose vari vaviri vatsigiri navashori. Federalsts dzakataura kuti “Isu vanhu] [ takaita Bumbiro reMitemo remitemo kuva boka rerudzi rwose, kwete chibvumiranowo zvacho pakati penyika dzine chiremera. Vakataura kuti hurumende itsva ichazvidavirira kuvanhu, kuvimbisa kunzvera simba kupfurikidza namasarusarudzo nemira. Zvisinei, mashoko mamwe chetewo aigona kushandiswa kururamisa chiremera chine simba. Pasina Bill Regiontion, ivo vakarangarira [FT], [InFF]]

Uku kunyanduka (pakati pechishuvo chinosunungura chouchangamire hwakakurumbira nechinodikanwa chaicho chokuganhurira hurumende) zvinopfuurira nhasi. Bill of Rights, yawedzerwa muna 1791, yakanga iri mhinduro murutivi kurutyo rwokuti “Isu vanhu” [ tingagona kumoshaniswa kubatira fariro dzavane simba. Kugadziridzwa kwegumi kwokutanga kunodzivirira zvakajeka maruramiro avanhu pakurwisana nokudzorwa kwehurumende, kusimbisa kuti vanhu vanochengeta chiremera kunyange pamusoro pehurumende yavanoparira.

Mavambo Akasiyana - siyana: Mavambo Okujekerwa Nemagariro Evanhu

Pfungwa yokuti hurumende inofanira kuvakirwa pabvumirano yavadzorwi haina kubuda mumhepo yakatetepa. Vagadziri vakapinda muruzivo rwokuvhenekerwa, zvikurukuru mabasa aJohn Locke, Jeanācques Rousseau, uye Montesquieu. Locke’s Spected of Government [[[FL:1] [1689]) vakataura kuti vanhu vari munyika inobvumira kuumba nyika imwe chete, kupa chiremera kuhurumende sechivimbo. Kana hurumende ikaputsa chivimbo chacho, vanhu vane kodzero yokuchichinja kana kuti kuibvisa. Murangariro iwoyo wakananga pasi po [FLT:] [FLT] [FF] [FFON]

Montesquieu’s Mudzimu weMitemo (1748) wakasimbisa ukoshi hweparadzano yamasimba, iyo Bumbiro reMitemo rakazoitwa pamutemo. Murangariro waRousseau we mubatanidzwa [[FLT]]] [[FLT]]]] ] .] . [8] Fariro yavose yavanhu [5] yakabatanidza rutivi rwouzivi kupfungwa yokuti mutemo wapamutemo unomuka kubva kubvumirano yenzanga yakagoveranwa. Chirevo chaPregiedge chakabata mudzimu weVhenekete yokuti: vanhu vamene ndiwo manyuko echiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika, uye hurumende iyo inoita masimba azvo akarurama kubva mukubvumirana kwavo.

Iyi rondedzero yenzanga yakapa Bumbiro reMitemo fandesheni retsika yechienzi. Kusafanana negadziriro yeBritain, umo uchangamire muruzivo rwokushanda kwahwo hwakagara muHurumende yeHurumende, tsika yeAmerica yakaita vanhu uchangamire hukurusa. Mashoko matatu okutanga aimirira kuputsika kukuru kubva muEurope yakapfuura. Kunyange Thomas Jefferson, uyo akanga ari muParis mukati meConvention yeMitemo yeMitemo yeMitemo, gare gare gare akarumbidza chinyorwa nokuda kwokuva kwake nevhuro mu uchangamire hwakakurumbira []

Ndivanaani Vakanga Vari “Vanhu” Muna 1787?

Imwe yenharo dzinokosha zvikurusa pamusoro penhau dzePregation idzo dzakabatanidzwa mu “Isu vanhu” apo Bumbiro reMitemo rakagamuchirwa. Vagadziri vakarangarira vanhu savakasununguka, vachena, vapfumi vezvinhu. Vakadzi, veMaIndia, vagari veAmerica, vakapinzwa muuranda vatema, vakasunungura vanhu vatema munyika zhinji, uye varume varombo vachena vasina zvinhu zvakakwana vakabviswa zvikurukuru mukutora rutivi kwakananga mumuitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika. Bumbiro reMitemo pacharo rimene rakarangarira vanhu vari varanda savatatu vane mishana yeminu yemitunhu yomufananidzo (Article, Chikamu 2, Claus 3) uye Hurumende inorambidza kutengesa vanhu vakapinzwa muuranda kusvikira 1808 (IFrati, Chikamu 9, Claus) ichi chakapesana nomutauro wakakwirira.

Chitsama chamashoko “Isu vanhu nokudaro tine kusawirirana kwomuzvarirwo pakati pefariro yenyika yose nechinhu chaichoicho. Vagadziri havana kuronga kubatanidza munhu ari wose; vakashandisa mashoko acho kupamutemo hurumende itsva yerudzi apo vaichengeta dare renzanga riripo. Mumazana maviri anotevera, kugadziridzwa kweBumbiro remitemo yemitemo ([FLT:]] Bhillin yekodzero (171)[17:3], Confoundationsfectives (13) [5], Completenssionivessss 13th, 14th, 15th), Demendement (1920), Volventiventivery Act of 1965, uye 26 01) zvinowedzera revotation ye [FLD][5][FFF]][5][5] kuzivisa kuva muAmerica, gore rapakuvamba.

Vana Vatatu Vari Kubvumirana Pane Zvisina Kufanira uye Kupokanidzana Kwekutanga

Tsvuruu Tsvene Tsvene inobvumirana. Izvi zvakapa nyika dzeMadokero simba guru nepo rugwaro rweBumbiro reMitemo rwaigona kukumbira panguva imwe cheteyo uchangamire hwakakurumbira nokumanikidzira udzori hwedzinza. Kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kwakaverenga vanhu vari varanda semitengo mitatu yemunhu nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri muImba yeVamiririri nemutero yakananga. Uku kwaipa hurumende dzezvamatongerwe enyika simba rezvamatongerwe enyika nepo dzairamba inzwi ripi neripi rapamutemo. [FLT:] Isu vanhu [[FLT:] [[FLT]] hatina kushanda kune avo vakanga vakachengetwa muusungwa. Chinetsoro chezvamatongerwo enyika zvinooneka mumashoko [[FLT:]

Dare reMitemo rechi14, rakasimbiswa muna 1868, rakatsvaka kurapa ikoku kupfurikidza nokuzivisa kuti vanhu vose vakaberekwa kana kuti vakasikwa muUnited States vagari vemo uye vane maruramiro edziviriro yakaenzana pasi pomutemo. Yakawedzera pamutemo rondedzero ye kubatanidza vanhu vaichimbova varanda. Bva kurwisa kuziva chipikirwa ichocho / kupfurikidza neRudzi rwechivorigine, kurwisana kunopfuurira pamusoro pekodzero dzokuvhota, uye kurukurirano pamusoro pekutama nokuchinja kwomuzvarirwo. [madhimonistate] anowedzera kuti chitsamachikamu chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kutsanangurazve. [[FLT:]]

Kududzira Kwazvino Uno Nerevo Yapamutemo

Nhasi, Supremesation pachayo haasati ari manyuko akazvimirira ekodzero dzapamutemo; matare anowanzotaura kuti haigoni kushandiswa kuputsa mirau. Zvisinei, mashoko anoti:“ Isu vanhu” tinopinda mutemo netsika dzeAmerica. Dare Gurusa rakanongedzera kumutauro wePregggnator senhungamiro yeMitemo. Somuenzaniso, mu [FLT:] [FLT]] MClulloch v. Maryland [1819], Mutongi mukuru John Marshall akanongedzera kumutauro wePreggget . [_]] kuumba [mubatanidzwa [FFFF:]]

Muzana ramakore ramakumi maviri, vatsigiri vekodzero dzavagari vemo vaiwanzokumbira kuti vanzi“ Isu vanhu” titaure kuti zvipikirwa zveBumbiro remitemo zvinoshanda kuvose vokuAmerica, pasinei zvapo nedzinza kana kuti munhurume. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Yaitaurawo nhevedzo muTsarudzo yake [[FLT:] I ine hope [[FLT:]], kudana rudzi kuti rurarame murevokwadiso yomuzvarirwo. Chitsama chinoonekawo mumhiko, icho vagari vatsva vanopika kutsigira nokudzivirira chitemo [FLT:] paicho.[FLT] IT]

Kubva pavanorwira tii vachitsigira hurumende yakaganhurirwa kumapoka anoda kuenzana, mashoko acho anoramba ari echiyereso.National Archives yeUnited States inoratidza dehwe rokutanga rine mashoko okuti “Isu Vanhu” tinonyatsoona, uye gore negore mamiriyoni evana vechikoro anodzidza kudzokorora mashoko acho.

Sumo Yachose: Haisi Sumo

Mashoko ose emavambo anorava, kuti:

Isu People of the United States, muRwisano yeUnited States, kuumba Dare rakakwana zvikuru, kugadza Ruramisiro, kudzivirira kwemhuri, kugovera dziviriro yavose, kusimudzira Welfare, uye kuchengetedza Zvikomborero Zverusununguko kwatiri timene neKubuda Kwedu, kugadza ndokugadza iyi Bumbiro remitemo reUnited States of America.

Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinotevera “ Isu vanhu” tinoreva zvinangwa zvehurumende itsva: ruramisiro, dziviriro, garikano, uye rusununguko. Vagadziri havana kuisa izvi panzvimbo yazvo sezvine wirirano. [[FLT]]] `General Welfarelty [[ chikamu, somuenzaniso, chakava hwaro hwemari inopedzerwa yehurumende negadziriro dzakafanana nechengeteko yenzanga. [[FLT:]] Nzvikwaro zvakakurumbira.[FLT:] [[FLT]] [[FLT]] yakaruramisa kugadzwa kwehondo nembirirongedzo yehondo.

Chitsama chemashoko “ chinogadza ndokutanga” chinozivikanwawo. Kusafanana noumambo umo utongi hunogarwa nhaka, kana kuti mutemo unoiswa nechiremera chakakwirira, kugadza kunoreva chiito cheda reboka. Vanhu havasi kungobvuma bedzi kunhevedzano iripo; vari kusika imwe. Mutauro uyu unoshingaira, unowedzera pfungwa yokuti Bumbiro remitemo iboka pakati pevagari vakasununguka.

Mudzidzo Yemibatanidzwa Nhasi

Kudzidzisa revo ye “Isu vanhu” tinoramba tiri rutivi rukuru rwedzidzo yevagari vemo muUnited States. Chitsama chamashoko chinosuma vadzidzi kumurangariro wouchangamire hwakakurumbira uye mitoro inoperekedza kuva mugari wemo. Zvirongwa zvakafanana neNational Constitution Center ye Tragracy [[FLT:]] naiCicos dzinobetsera vadzidzi kunzvera revo rePregionts kupfurikidza nezvidzidzo zvenhau nemitambo. Kunzwisisa kuti ivo rutivi rwe [[FLT]][FLT]][FLD:] [[FF]]] vanokurudzira vagari vagari vemo kuti vabatane munzanga dzavo, vhota, vabatire, voti, uye vanopinda muhurukuro yavose.

Zvisinei, dzidzo yavagari vemo inofanirawo kurwisana nomukaha pakati pezvakanakira nerechokwadi. Vadzidzisi kazhinji kazhinji vanoshandisa sumo kukurukura nhau yokuparadzana uye kurwisa kwenguva refu kutambanudzira maruramiro kuna vose. Kupfurikidza nokunzvera kuti ndiani akasiiwa muna 1787 uye kuti kugadziridzwa kwemitemo zvakakudziridza sei franse, vadzidzi vanodzidza kuti kuedza kweAmerica kunopfuurira. “ Unity yakakwana zvikuru zvikuru”[ haisati iri chibereko chapera; inoda nhamburiko inopfuurira kubva kuchizvarwa chimwe nechimwe.

Mugumisiro: Chiratidzo Chipenyu

Revo ye . Isu vanhu hatina kutongogadzwa. PaConvention yeBumbiro reMitemo, yakanga iri tsinhiro yakarongwa kugadza maruramiro ehurumende yorudzi zvakananga kubva kuvanhu, kupfuudza chiremera chehurumende. Yakanga iriwo bvumirano yakabvumira uranda kupfuurira uye kubvisa vakadzi navanhu vane mavara kubva kuvagari vemo vakazara. Nokufamba kwenguva, kupfurikidza nemitemo yeSangano reSangano reMitemo, uye masangano enzanga, rondedzero ye yakawedzerawo zvishoma nezvishoma, dzimwe nguva kupfurikidza nokuchinja.

Nhasi, chitsama chamashoko chinoramba chiri rutivi runozivikanwa zvikurusa rweBumbiro reMitemo. Chinooneka muhurukuro, kunyunyuta, nharo dzapamutemo, uye makirasi. Chinodzivirira donzo reAmerica rokuti hurumende iripo kubatira vagari vemowo zvavo, kwete imwe nzira. Pasinei zvapo nokuti inoda kurwisana sei nenguva yezvamatongerwe enyika, “Isu vanhu tinoyeuchidza rudzi kuti chiremera chakakwana hachisi chakakwirira kana kuti masangano, asi neboka ravagari vemo vakasununguka. Kunzwisisa kutaura ikoko, nechipikirwa charwo chose nepokanidzano dzacho, zvinokosha kunzwisisa icho chinoreva kuva American.