Chitanga Kunzi: Nei Tichifanira Kunzwisisa Zvinhu Zvine Chokuita Nedare

Gadziriro yedare ikokutangira chisarudzo chenhau dzapamutemo, asi kune vakawanda, inoramba iri mhesano inotyisa yemiitiro, mashoko, uye maitiro. Kana uri mubato mudare, chapupu, mutongi, kana kuti anongova mudzidzi womutemo, anonzwisisa zvaangakarira anogona kuchinja chinoitika chinovhiringidza kuva chinodzoreka. Nyaya ino inogovera kupeta kupfupikiswa kwakakwana, nhano nenhano kwerwendo mutsika yedare, kufukidza chivako chedare, mwero yenhau, vatori vedare, vatsigiri, tsika dzinoshanda, uye mashoko anokosha apamutemo. Kupfurikidza nokuziva kuti tsika inoshanda sei, unogona kusvika kuruvimbiko rwapamutemo nokuva nechivimbo chikuru zvikuru.

Gadziriro yedare muUnited States inoshanda pamwero miviri mikuru: matare ehurumende uye [FLT] matare ehurumende . matare eFederal anobata nhau dzinobatanidza mutemo wehurumende, nhau dzebumbiro remitemo, kana kuti nharo pakati pemasangano akasiana - siana. matare ehurumende anotaura dzimwe nhau dzakawanda, dzakadai semhosva dzeutsotsi, kubvumirana kwemhuri, kuputsa, uye kuvadziko yomunhu oga. Mutsika imwe neimwe, mhaka dzingabatanidzwa semhoshongano dzechikwata pakati pavanhu vamwe kana kuti masangano emhosva (kutongwa nehurumende nokuda kwokuputsa mutemo). Nyaya iyi inofukidza nheyo dzinoshanda mumasangano ose ari maviri, kunyange zvazvo nzira dzakaita kuti dziwirirane.

Kunzwisisa Muitiro Wedare

Gadziriro yedare ndeyedare, nematare okutonga panzvimbo, matare apakati, uye dare rapamusoro zvikurusa (pamusoro). Iri dare rinovimbisa kuti mhaka dzinotanga kutongwa pamwero wokutonga, apo maidi anosarudzwa, uye ipapo rinogona kuhwirudzurwa nematare makuru nokuda kwezvikanganiso zvapamutemo.

Zviremera Zvematare

  • Dare reMatunhu: Iwaya matare umo nhau dzinovamba. Mugadziriro yehurumende, matare okutonga anonzi Matare oruwa eU.Mugadziriro dzehurumende, anowanzonzi Matare makuru, Matare Edunhu, kana kuti Dare reruwa. Dare redare rinonzwa ufakazi, zvapupu zvinonzvera, uye rinopa rutongeso (nemutongi kana kuti dare rinobetsera).
  • Dare reIntermeterte Appealte: Haisi Hurumende iri yose ine izvozvi, asi mugadziriro yehurumende vari Dare reNhare reZvikumbiro reU.S. basa ravo nderokuhwirudzura zvisarudzo kubva kumatare okutonga kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti mutemo washandiswa zvakarurama. Zvikumbiro hazvisi matarezve; zvinonangidzira ngwariro panhau dzapamutemo, kwete kakavadzano dzechokwadi.
  • Dare rapamusoro zvikurusa: Dare Gurusa reU.S. mupi wemitemo wokupedzisira wehurumende. Hurumende imwe neimwe inewo dare rakakwirira zvikurusa, rinowanzonzi Dare Rapamusorosoro reHurumende (Kunyange zvazvo New York rinodana dare raro reNhengo reNheyoresa, richiparira nyongano). Matare aya anonzwa chiverengero bedzi chakasarudzwa chenhau, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji izvo zvinobatanidza mibvunzo yapamutemo inokosha kana kuti rwisano pakati pematare akaderera.

Mukuwedzera kumatare makuru, kune matare ezvechokwadi anosimbisa marudzi akati enhau. Mienzaniso inobatanidza matare emhuri (divorce, kodzero yokuchengeta mwana), matare edzimhosva [[[FLT:]] (kukosha nokuvimbwa), [[FLT] matare edare maduku [[FLT]] (kusiyana nokusaririra) [matombo], uye [[FT]] matombo maduku - [FLT] [FLT] [FLT] [F] [FLT] [3:] (maject, kazhinji kachitsatsa mari, pasina magweta),. Kunzwisisa dare rine mamiriro ako ezvinhu okutanga. Nokuda kwemashoko makuru, uye [FT]

Zvinoitwa Nedare

Kunyange zvazvo nyaya dzose dzakasiyana, kutongwa kwemhosva dzevanhu nedzematsotsi kunoramba kuchiitika nenzira yakafanana.

Kunyunyuta

Muitiro unovamba apo mupurisa (mumhaka dzavagari vemo) kana kuti muchuchisi anotanga chiito chapamutemo kupfurikidza nokunyora gwaro repamutemo rinonzi nyunyuto kana kuti mhaka. Mukupa mhaka kwehurumende, nyunyuto inoronga kupomera kwapamutemo mukwiridziridziri uye mvumo yakatsvakwa (g., kuvadziko yemari, mutongo). Mumhaka dzoutsotsi, muchuchichi vanopa pomero dzakavakirwa paingaro inobvira. Ipapo dare rinopa murairo kana kuti musungwa, richida kuti mukwiridzi apindurirwe. Jurisriction(* chiremera chedare kunzwa mhaka yacho, zvikurukuru pakwakavakirwa pazvinoitika kana kuti apo mativi anogara.

2. Kugamuchira uye Kutungamirira

Angopiwa bedzi nenyunyuto, mukwirirwi anofanira kunyora mhinduro mukati menguva yakatarwa (inowanzova 20-30 mazuva). Kupindura kunowanzobatanidza kupindura (kudzosa kana kuti kuramba tsoropodzo), kuronga chiito kuti (kunyengedza kuti nyunyuto inokundikana kutaura zvakarurama), kana kuti kukumbira chibvumirano chakajeka. Iyi nhambo ingabatanidzawo matsivi, apo mukwirirwi anokwidza mupurisa mupurisa. Kutsinhanhanhamisa aya magwaro okutanga kunozivikanwa sezvikumbiro, uye vanorondedzera nhau dzemhosva. Munhau dzoutsotsi, mukwiridzwi anopinda chikumbiro (gulty, kwete, kwete ane mhaka, kana kuti kwete).

Kuwanikwa

Kuwana kazhinji kazhinji inzvimbo inotora nguva zvikurusa uye inodhura. Vose vari vaviri vanounganidza ufakazi namashoko kuti vavake nhau dzavo. Nzira dzokuwana nadzo dzinobatanidza:

  • [[[FRATO: 0] Mibvunzo yakanyorwa inofanira kupindurwa pasi pemhiko.
  • [[[FOL:0] Miganhu:[ Kubvunzurudza kwezvapupu (kana kuti mapoka) mumhiko, nomutori wenhau wedare aripo.
  • Kukumbira Kuburitswa: Kuda kwezvinyorwa, maemail, mapikicha, kana kuti humwe ufakazi hunooneka.
  • [[FOL:0] SUBPOENA: Mirayiro inoda mativi echitatu kubudisa ufakazi kana kuti ufakazi.
  • Kukumbira nokuda kwokubvumira: Tsime idzo mumwe munhu anofanira kubvuma kana kuti kuramba, nhau dzinoparirwa.

Mitemo yokuwana inodzorwa; kukundikana kupindura nenzira yakafanira kunogona kuguma nezvirango, kubatanidza kudzingwa kwezvinotaurwa kana kuti mitongo yakarongwa. Nokuda kwechiono chikuru chemiitiro yokuwana, ona American Bar Association yenhungamiro [[[FLT: 1]].

4. Kufamba Kusati Kwaitika

Mutongo usati watongwa, mumwe munhu angaronga kuti apedze nhau dzakati dzemitemo kana kuti kunyange kugumisa nhau yacho. Kutonga kunowanzoitwa pamberi pedare kunobatanidza:

  • Motion for Fung Juncial Rutongeso: Agues kuti hakuna gakava rechokwadi reidi rezvinhu, naizvozvo dare rinogona kutonga zvakavakirwa pamutemo bedzi. Kana rabvumirwa, nhau inoguma pasina muedzo.
  • [[FOT:0] Motion muLimine: inotsvaka kubvisa ufakazi hwakati pakutongwa (imo, zvinhu zvinofungira mano kana kuti zvisina basa).
  • [[FOL:0] Motion to Compel Discovery: Zvikumbiro zvokuti dare rinoraira vakwikwidzani kubudisa mashoko akakumbirwa.
  • [Motion for Chinjo yeVenue: inotsvaka kuendesa mutongo wacho kunzvimbo yakasiana nemhaka yefungira mano yakaipa yomunzvimbomo kana kuti betsero.

Mutongi angatonga pamusoro peidzi mhindu uye kuisa mirau inoumba miganhu yekutonga. Misangano yapamberi pedare inodikanwawo, apo vatongi namagweta vanokurukura kuronga, kugarwa kunobvira, uye kuedzwa.

5. Kutonga

Kutonga ndiko kukurusa kwomuitiro wedare, uko ufakazi hunopiwa uye mutongo unosvikwa. Mukutonga kwedare rinobetsera vatongi, kutanga kamba yedare rinobetsera vatongi inosarudzwa kupfurikidza ne yakashata[ .Ntongedzo umo magweta nomutongi vanopanikira vanobvira kuva nechokwadi chokusasarura. Kutonga ipapo kunopfuurira muiyi nhevedzano:

  • Kutaura kwokuzarura: rutivi rumwe norumwe runoratidzira chavanoda kubvumikisa. Izvozvi hahusi ufakazi asi mamepu emugwagwa edare rinobetsera vatongi.
  • Kupiwa kweUfakazi: Muparidzi (bato rine mutoro wechibvumikiso) anotanga kuenda, achidana zvapupu nokusuma zviratidziro. Kudzivirira kunogona ipapo kuyambuka zvapupu zveexamine. Pashure pokunge mupoteri agara, dziviriro inopa mhaka yake, nemiitiro yakafanana.
  • Kutaura: Mativi ose ari maviri anopeta ufakazi ndokukurudzira vatongi (kana kuti mutongi) kutonga mufariro yavo.
  • [[FORT:0] Jury Confective and Delibration: Mutongi anotsanangura mutemo unoshanda kudare rinobetsera vatongi. Vatongi ipapo vanotonga vari voga uye vanosvika pachisarudzo. Kana kutonga kuri kutonga bhenji (pasina dare rinobetsera vatongi), mutongi anonyora chisarudzo.

Urefu hwokuedza hunosiyana kubva pazuva rimwe kusvikira kumavhiki kana kuti mwedzi, zvichitsamira pakuoma. Mukati momuedzo, mirau yapamberi pano. Mitemo inogona kutaurwa kana kuratidzwa. Magweta (umh., “munzwa,” inozivikanwa navose, uye mirau pamusoro payo nokukurumidza.

6. Kutonga uye Kutonga

Kana vatongi vadzosera mutongo, mutongi anopinda mutongo wedare rehurumende unoratidza mugumisiro wacho. Munyaya dzehurumende, mutongo ungarayira mutezo kurasikirwa necharasika kana kuti kuwirirana nemurayiro. Mumhosva dzoutsotsi, chisarudzo chine mhaka chinotungamirira kutongera mhaka (pakarepo kana kuti pashure pokutongwa kwapashure). Chisarudzo chisati chiri chemhosva chinogumisa nyaya yacho, kunyange zvazvo hurumende ingakwidza mhosva panzvimbo dzakaganhurirwa (mt., zvikanganiso zvepamutemo).

Kukwirira

Mubato usingagutsikani unogona kuisa kukwirira kudare rapamusoro. Kukwirira hakusi kutongwazve; vanonangidzira ngwariro pakuti dare rokutonga rakaita mhosho dzapamutemo idzo dzakatapura muuyo. Vari kufadza (appellate) vanopa zvikanganiso zvakanyorwa zvepokanidzano, uye vatsigiri vanopikisana. Zvibvumikiso zvokutaura zvingatevera. dare reAppellate rinogona:

  • Chiratidzo [[[FLT: 1] chechisarudzo chedare rokutonga.
  • Tsvaka muganhu [ chisarudzo (wawana nokuda kweapulantant).
  • [[FOLT:0] Remand (dzosa nhau yacho shure nokuda kwezvimwe zvinoitika zvinowirirana nemitemo).

Zvimwe zvikumbiro zvokutaura kuti matare makuru kana kuti Dare Rapamusorosoro reUnited States ndezvemhosva, (8) matare iwayo anobvuma kunzwa chikamu chiduku bedzi chezvikumbiro.

Zvokukarira muDare: Zano Rinoshanda

Kuziva tsika dzedare kunoderedza kufunganya uye kunoratidza kuremekedza muitiro wacho.

Zvinoitwa Nemapfekero Nechitarisiko

Matare anotarisira zvipfeko zvapamutemo, zvine mwero. Nokuda kwavarume: sutu kana kuti mabhuruku ane bhachi, hembe dzakatsikwa, netayi. Kuvakadzi: sutu, mupfeke, kana kuti mucheka une mabhuruku kana kuti mupendero paurefu hwebvi kana kuti kupfuura. Dzivisai majini, zvipfuva, zvishongo, zvishongo, mazasikiri, neshangu dzakanyanyisa; kupfeka zviratidzo zvakafanira kuremekedza dare uye zvinogona kupesvedzera.

Chiremba Chedare

Kukurumidza[ [15 kusvikira ku30] pamberi penguva yako yakarongwa. Kudzivirira ndokwenguva yakarovedzeka; bvumirai nguva yokuwedzera. Kana uri mukati medare, bvisai midziyo yose yemagetsi (zviri mukombe, zviratidzo). Usatsenga gumbemu, udye, kana kuti verenga zvinhu zvisina ukama. Simba apo mutongi anopinda kana kuti anobva mukamuri. Porosa mutongi sa “Kukudzwa kwako” uye taura zvakajeka bedzi apo unenge unozivikanwa. Cherekedza mira kuisa mira kudzosa. Dzivisa, hwinha musoro wako, kana kuti kuita zvitatiso zvechiso mukati mechipupuriro.

Nguva Inowanzononoka uye Nzira Yokubata Nayo Nayo

Zvirongwa zvedare hazvizivikanwi. Zvisarudzo zvingasundwa (zvichipfuuridzirwa) nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda: kutaurirana, rwisano dzegweta, zvapupu zvinoshaikwa, kana kuti mabutiro anoremerwa. Uya nebhuku kana kuti basa kuti ugare uchishanda, asi ramba uchiteerera chiziviso chipi nechipi. Kana uri chapupu kana kuti mubato, gara munzvimbo yokumirira kusvikira wadanwa. Kana une shungu pamusoro pokunonoka, taura namakabharani wedare kana kuti mumiriri wako.

Kunzwisisa mativi evashandi vedare [[FT:1] anogonawo kubetsera. Beilnif inochengeta nhevedzano nechengeteko; mutori wenhau anorekodha zvinhu zvose zvakataurwa; mabharani anobata magwaro nezviratidziro. Usaedza kutaura zvakananga kumutongi pasina mumiririri aripo kutoti uchizvimirira umene. Nokuda kwemifungo yedare, Lawlp.org nhungamiro yehurumende.

Mabasa Mudare

Kuziva kuti ndiani anogona kuderedza nyongano mukati mezvinoitika.

  • Mutongi: Mutungamiriri anovimbisa kuti mhaka inotongwa nenzira yakarurama, mirau pakuramba, anorairidza vatongi, uye (mumitongo yebhenji) anosarudza nhau yacho. Vatongi vanosarudzwa kana kuti zvimwe kugadzwa, zvichitsamira pahudzo nomwero.
  • [[FORT:0] JURY: A boka ravagari vemo (zvikurukuru 6-12 muvagari vemo, 12 muutsotsi) akasarudzwa kunzwa ufakazi ndokupa chisarudzo chakavakirwa chose chose pamaidi. Varwi vanofanira kuva vasingasaruri uye vanorairirwa kusakurukura mhaka yacho kunze.
  • Mutongi (Nhau dzeCrimina): Gweta rinomirira hurumende (gweta reruwa, gweta rehurumende, gweta reUnited States) rinounza pomero pamusoro pomukwiridziri. Muchuchisi anofanira kubvumikisa kuva nemhaka pasina panikiro ine mufungo.
  • Defense Attorney (Crimin) kana kuti Attorney (Civil): inoratidzira mupomeri kana kuti mudavi. Basa ravo nderokudzivirira kodzero dzomutengi, kudenha ufakazi hwerutivi runopikisa, uye kutsigira mugumisiro wakanakisisa unobvira.
  • Plaintiff’s Attorney (Civil): Gweta rinokwidza mhaka nokuda kwomupoteri, richitsvaka muripo kana kuti imwe yamuro.
  • [[FLT: 0] Clect: Anotarisira zvinyorwa zvedare, anopika, anoratidza, uye anobata mabasa okutarisira. Hofisi yomunyori inokosha nokuda kwokunyora magwaro nokubhadhara mibhadharo.
  • [[FOLT:0] : Mutarisiri wemitemo anochengeta nhevedzano, anoperekedza vasungwa, uye anobetsera mutongi. Mumatare akati, beilvif inobatawo chengeteko yedare rinobetsera vatongi.
  • [[FFLT: 0] Courtant Reporter: Rinoita mashoko echiito enhau dzose. Iyi chinyorwa chapamutemo chinokosha nokuda kwokukumbira.
  • Chapupu cheMano: A nyanzvi (mue, anonzvera mari, chiremba) anopa chipupuriro chomurangariro panhau dzakaoma.
  • Paralegal / Mutemo Creark: Anobetsera magweta nokunzvera, kugadzirira magwaro, uye tsigiro yokutonga. Vanyori veMitemo vangashandirawo vatongi zvakananga, vachibetsera mirangariro yedanga.

Mitemo Yavose Yapamutemo Yokuziva

Heino rondedzero yakawedzerwa yamashoko yaungasangana nawo:

  • Rigio: Muitiro wose wokuita gakava rapamutemo mudare, kubva pakuronga kusvikira kurutongeso rwokupedzisira.
  • [ Defanti: Munhu kana kuti sangano rinopomerwa mhaka. Mumhaka dzavagari vemo, mupinyi; muutsotsi, mupomerwi.
  • [[FOLT:0] Platotiff: Mubato anotanga kukwirira mhaka muhurumende, achitsvaka yamuro.
  • Chirango: Kuwana kwapamutemo kweidi kwakaitwa nedare rinobetsera vatongi kana kuti mutongi. Mumhaka dzoutsotsi, i “mhosva” kana kuti“ isina mhaka”; muhurumende, “kusungirwa” kana kuti“ kusasungika.
  • [[FFT:0] Subpoena: Murayiro wedare unoda kuti munhu aoneke ndokupupurira kana kuti kubudisa magwaro. Kukundikana kuwirirana kunogona kuguma nokuzvidza.
  • [[FT:0] Ukuru: Chipupuriro chakapikirwa chinoitwa sorutivi rwokuwana, chinoshandiswa gare gare pakutongwa nokuda kwechisaririra kana kuti ufakazi.
  • Bhibhendi yeChibvumikiso: Musengwa wokubvumikisa nhau yako. Mumiedzo youtsotsi, “hakusati kuri kupanikira kune mufungo”; muhurumende, zvikurukuru“ kurangarira ufakazi” (kana kanopfuura kusadaro).
  • Chitakiso: Kutaura kwegweta kunosimbisa kuti mubvunzo, ufakazi, kana kuti chibvumikiso chinoputsa mitemo yapamutemo. Mutongi anotonga “akaiswa” (ane simba) kana kuti“ kutonga kwakatenderwa”.
  • [[FT:0]Motion:[ Chikumbiro chakarongwa chichikumbira dare kuita chiito chakananga (umh., kufamba kuti udzinge, kufamba nokuda kwokupfuuridzirwa).
  • [ Rutongeso Rwunoruramisira: Mutongo wakapinda mukurwisana nomukwirirwi uyo anokundikana kupindura kudare kana kuti kubuda mudare.
  • [[FT:0] Appal:[ Chikumbiro kudare rapamusoro chokuhwirudzura chisarudzo chedare rakaderera nokuda kwechikanganiso chapamutemo.
  • [[[FOL:0] Kuziva miganhu: Nguva inofanira kuchengetwa dare. Kana inopfuura, mhaka ingabviswa.
  • Injuntent: Murayiro wedare unoda kuti munhu aitwe kana kuti arege kuita chiito chakati.
  • Proficial Se: unozvimirira umene usina gweta. Proficing se risign inofanira kutevera mitemo imwe cheteyo yedare samagweta.

Mazano Anoshanda Pakutungamirira Gadziriro Yedare

Ungave uri mumwe wevanenge varipo, wapupu, kana kuti wakaona, zano rinotevera rinogona kuvandudza ruzivo rwako.

Funga Nezvechimbichimbi

Gadziriro yedare itsika uye yakakomba. Kunyange muzvinhu zviduku kana kuti zvakapfava, gweta rinogona kugovera nhungamiro inokosha pamazano, ufakazi, uye nharo dzapamutemo. Kana mari iri itiro hanya, kunzvera masangano eyamuro yapamutemo, makiriniki ezvikoro zvemitemo, kana kuti mimiririro yakaganhurirwa. Nokuda kwamashoko okuwana betsero yapamutemo inobhadharwa, Legal Services Transvices [

Kana Uchizvimiririra (Gadzirira)

Iva nemitemo yomunzvimbomo, rovedzana nemiganhu yemisi yokunyora mashoko, uye unzwisise kuti ungasuma sei ufakazi. Mawebsite akawanda edare anopa nzvimbo dzokuzviyamura dzine mafomu nemirayiridzo. Iva akagadzirira kubvisa pazano rinopesana; vatongi vangakarira kujeka nokupfupika. Rangarira kupinda marusando mashomanene edare pachine nguva mberi kuti uchengete kuyerera.

Ronga Zvinyorwa Zvako

Ita gadziriro yamafaira ine mabhii edanho rimwe nerimwe renhau: kukumbira, kuwana, kunyorerana, zviratidziro, uye zvirango zvedare. Chengeta karenda yemisi yose inoitwa, yakadai semhinduro kukukumbira kuwana kana kuti misi yokunyora misi yedare. Kurega kumira nguva imwe kunogona kukuuraya.

Nzwisiso Yendyiko Neganhuriro Yenguva

Kubhadharisa mari kungava kunodhura(--attrorney mibhadharo yedare, mari inobhadharwa nedare, mari inopupurirwa nenyanzvi, uye mari inoiswa mubhadharo inowedzera. Kumbira rudungwe rwemari kuhofisi yomunyori. Nguva: mhaka yakapfava ingapedzwa mumwedzi; imwe yakaoma inogona kutora makore. Kugara zvakanaka nguva dzose kunobvira uye kunodhura. Matare mazhinji anopa purogiramu dzokupedza magariro pasina kutongwa.

mhedziso

Gadziriro yedare, kunyange zvazvo yakaoma, yakarongedzerwa kupa ruramisiro kupfurikidza nemiitiro yokungwarira nokunzvera. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa vakuru vakuru vematare, mwero yenhau, mabasa evatori vemhosva, uye kariro dzedare, unogona kuderedza muitiro wapamutemo ndokuderedza rutyo rwezvisingazivikanwi. Kana ukabatanidzwa mudare, uchibatira somutongi, kana kuti kungotsvaka zivo, chishandiso chako chakanakisisa. Zvinakire umene nemashoko, tsvaka zano rapamutemo apo rinodikanwa, uye svika rwendo rwacho nokushivirira noruremekedzo nokuda kwomutemo.