Table of Contents

Mavambo Esimba reHurumende

Chaunga chiri chose chinoshanda muchimiro chakati chokutonga, chingave chakarongwa kana kuti chisina kurongwa. Pamavambo euku kudzora pane ukama pakati pesimba(h) simba rokutungamirira mufambiro wavamwe(*) nechiremera chinozivikanwa kuva pamutemo kushandisa simba iroro. Kunzwisisa uyu musiano unokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa kuti mirau inoshanda sei, kuti itsika inoumbwa sei, uye kuti vagari vemo vanogona sei kutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira mumuitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika. Simba nechiremera zvinosarudza kwete bedzi kuti ndiani anoita zvisarudzo asiwo kuti zvisarudzo izvozvo zvinogamuchirwa sei, zvinodenhwa sei, kana kuti zvinodziviswa sei navanhu.

Simba muhurumende rinogona kuoneka muzvimiro zvakawanda, kubva pakushandiswa kwesimba kwapachivande kusvikira kupesvedzero yamanomano. Chiremera, panguva ino, chinogovera hwaro hwetsika nehwepamutemo hunochinja simba risina kurongwa kuva udzori hunogamuchirwa. Apo chiremera chinoputsika, simba rinova kumanikidza. apo chiremera chinenge chakasimba, kunyange zvisarudzo zvisingafarirwi zvingateverwa nemhaka yokuremekedza tsika panzvimbo pokutya chirango.

Simba Rokudya Zvokudya Riri Kushandiswa

Simba rinobatira patyisidziro yesimba kana kuti miuyo yakaipa. Mauto amapurisa, masangano ehondo, uye masangano anoraira ose anobatira pamwe kuti atsigire mitemo ndokuchengeta nhevedzano. Nepo kumanikidza kuchiwanzorangarirwa nenzira yakaipa, kunobatira basa rinokosha mukudzivisa nyongano nedziviriro vagari vemo pakukuvadzwa. Denho huru yehurumende ipi neipi iri kuvimbisa kuti simba rebatira pamwe rinoshandiswa mukati memiganhu yemitemo uye kuti ridzorwe.

Simba Rapamutemo Nehofisi

Simba rapamutemo rinobuda panzvimbo iyo munhu ane mubatanidzwa wehurumende. Purezidhendi, gavhuna, kana kuti meya ane simba rapamutemo nemhaka yebasa ravo, pasinei zvapo namavara avo. Rudzi urwu rwesimba runorondedzerwa zvikurukuru namabumbiro emitemo, mirau, uye mitemo. Kudzikamiswa kwehurumende kunotsamira zvikuru pamwero uyo vagari vemo vanogamuchira simba rapamutemo raavo vari munzvimbo.

Simba Rounyanzvi Mukutonga Kwazvino Uno

Sezvo hurumende dzinopedza denho dzinowedzera kuoma — kubva pakuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kusvika kunjodzi dzoutano hwavanhu nejeni rakura muukoshi. Masayendisiti, nyanzvi dzezvemari, uye nyanzvi dzemiitiro dzinopesvedzera zvisarudzo kupfurikidza nezivo yavo nounyanzvi hwemichina. Simba rezvemari rinogona kutsigira kana kuti kudenha chiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika, kuchiparira kusawirirana pakati pavakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa navakuru vebasa mukati memasangano ehurumende.

Kubvuma Kupiwa Simba uye Kutungamirirwa Nematongerwe Enyika

Simba rinoparirwa nemhindu yomunhu oga, perero, uye ruremekedzo zvinorayirwa nomutungamiriri.Vanhu vezvamatongerwe enyika avo vanokurudzira ruvimbiko noruvimbo vanogona kushandisa simba rokutsigira ruzhinji nokuda kwezviito zvavo. Ichi chimiro chesimba chinokosha zvikurukuru mukati menjodzi apo vagari vemo vanotarira kuvatungamiriri nokuda kwenhungamiro nevimbiso. Zvisinei, simba rinova rinochinja zvikuru, rinotsamira pakuvimba navanhu kunopfuuridzirwa uye rinogona kuderera nokukurumidza mukutarisana nemhosho kana kuti kundikano.

Kushanduka Kwenhau Kwechiremera Chezvamatongerwe Enyika

Marongedzero akaita vanhu simba nechiremera akachinja zvikuru nokufamba kwenguva. Nzanga dzevanhu dzepakutanga dzaivimba nezvirongwa zvokutungamirira zvisina kurongwa zvichitsamira pazera, simba, kana kuti simba romudzimu. Sezvo zvizvarwa zvevanhu zvakakura uye nzanga zvazova zvakaoma zvikuru, gadziriro dzokutonga dzakatanga kukwanisa kugadzirisa zvinhu, kugadzirisa kusawirirana, uye kushandira pamwe. Kunzwisisa iyi mhindu inogovera mashoko akapoteredza pamusoro pekurukurirano dzenguva ino pamusoro penzvimbo neganhuriro dzechiremera chehurumende.

Kubva Pakutungamirira Tsvene Ndokuwana Kodzero yaMwari

Munzanga dzakare, chiremera chaiwanzova navakuru, machinda, kana kuti mapoka avaprista avo vaitaura kuti vanobatanidzwa namasimba anopfuura omuzvarirwo. Mufungo wemaruramiro oumwari wakabuda munzanga dzakawanda, navatongi vachizvipa vamene savakasarudzwa navamwari. Ichi chimiro chechiremera chakaodza mwoyo denho kupfurikidza nokushorera zvose zviri zviviri kupandukira kwezvamatongerwe enyika nokwemudzimu. Kodzero youmwari yamadzimambo yakapfuurira muEurope zvakanaka kupinda munhambo yazvino uno, zvishoma nezvishoma senyanzvi dzeChenjero dzakavandudza rondedzero dzokutsiva zviremera.

Kumuka Kwehurumende Yebumbiro remitemo

Nhambo yeNjereso yakaunza chinjo huru kunzira iyo simba nechiremera zvakanzwisiswa nayo. Vazivi vakadai saJohn Locke, Montesquieu, uye Jean-Jacques Rousseau vakataura kuti chiremera chapamutemo chinobva mukubvumira kwoudzori panzvimbo poumwari. Iyi pfungwa yakanyandura magwaro ebumbiro remitemo ayo akaganhurira simba rehurumende, akagadza nzvero nedzikamo, uye maruramiro avanhu. United States, yakagamuchirwa muna 1787, yakamirira kuedza kwechiratidzo mukuparadzira simba mumapazu ehurumende akawanda.

Udzvinyiriri Muzana Ramakore Ramakumi Maviri

Zana ramakore rechimakumi maviri rakapupurira kumuka kwehurumende dzoudzvinyiriri idzo dzakatsvaka kubvisa musiyano pakati pehurumende nenzanga. MuGermany yeNazi, Soviet Union pasi paStalin, uye Maoist China, hurumende dzakashandisa udzori husingaenzaniswi panenge rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu. Idzi hurumende dzakatsamira pamubatanidzwa wepfungwa, wokunzvera, mashoko anoparadzirwa, uye rutyo kuti dzichengetedze simba. Kuwa kwegadziriro zhinji dzoudzvinyiriri pamugumo wezana ramakore kwakasimbisa kuvadziko yechiremera yakavakirwa zvikurukuru pakumanikidza panzvimbo pokuva noukombirwa.

Zvivako zveHurumende Zvazvino Uno Nokuparadzirwa Kwesimba

Hurumende dzechinguva chino dzinoshandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana kuparadzira simba uye kudzivirira kuti risashandiswa zvisina kunaka. Magadzirirwo chaiwo ezvivako izvi anoratidza nhoroondo yenyika imwe neimwe, tsika, uye tsika dzezvematongerwe enyika. Kunyange zvazvo pasina gadziriro yakakwana, dzimwe nheyo dzakabvumikisa kuva dzinoshanda mukudzikamisa kudikanwa kwechiito chakasimba nedziviriro kuutongi hwounyengeri.

Kuparadzana Kwesimba

Kuparadzaniswa kwamasimba ehurumende kunokamuranisa chiremera chehurumende pakati pamapazu emitemo, ehurumende, uye edare. Ichi chivako chinodzivisa sangano ripi neripi kunyanyopa ngwariro nesimba rakawanda. Mumiitiro yePuerceria seUnited States, mapazi akazvimirira zvikuru, ane masimba akasiyana nemabasa. Mitezo yeParamende, yakadai seiyo iri muUnited Kingdom neCanada, inobatanidza mabasa emitemo nechiremera kusvikira kumwero mukuru zvikuru apo inoramba kuzvimirira mudare.

Kushanda Kwomubatanidzwa Nokuderera

Gadziriro dzehurumende dzinoparadzira simba pakati pehurumende dzapakati nedzenharaunda, dzichibvumira nokuda kwezvigaro zvomunzvimbomo panhau dzakati dzichichengeta chinzwano chorudzi padzimwe. Nyika dzakafanana neGermany, India, uye Australia dzinoshandisa zvivako zvehurumende kugovera mhatsa dzomunharaunda. Kuchinja kunogona kuvandudza kugamuchira kwehurumende kupfurikidza nokuunza kuita zvisarudzo pedyo nenzanga dzinotapurwa, asi kune ngoziwo kuparira kusawirirana uye kusawirirana kwehurumende nehurumende.

Makepi Nedzikamo Zvinoshandiswa

Kushanda kwemashandiro anoita bazu rimwe nerimwe rehurumende kunobvumira kuganhurira simba redzimwe.

Vashandi Vakuru Mukushandiswa Kwechiremera Chehurumende

Kunzwisisa ane simba kunoda kuongorora vanhu vakasiyana - siyana nemapoka anotungamirira.

Vakuru Vakuru Vakadzidza uye Utungamiriri Hwezvematongerwe Enyika

Vakuru vakuru vakapiwa chiremera vanowana chiremera chavo mumirairo yavavhoti. Vanogadza nhungamiro yemiitiro, vanokarakadza mitemo, uye vanomirira fariro dzavamiriri. Kuvaka kwoutungamiriri hunosarudzwa kunosiyana zvikuru, kuchitsamira pazvinhu zvakadai segadziriro dzakasarudzwa, zvivako zvemasangano, uye tsika dzehurumende. Vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa nenzira inobudirira vanobatanidza unyanzvi hwezvamatongerwe enyika nezivo duku uye kuzvipira kubasa ravose.

Utongi Hwebasa Nesimba Routungamiriri

Vabatiri vehurumende vanoshandisa mitemo, vanodzora mapurogiramu, uye vanogovera unyanzvi kuvatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika. Hurumende ine simba rakawanda kupfurikidza nokudzora kwayo mashoko, miitiro, uye kushandiswa. Simba reUdrocracy rinogona kubatira sesimba rinotsigisa, kuvimbisa kupfuurira mukuchinja muutungamiriri hwezvamatongerwe enyika. Zvisinei, mabhii anogona kudzivisawo kuchinja, kudzivirira fariro dzakadzika midzi, uye kunonotsa nhano yechinjo.

Chiremera Chokutonga Nedudziro Yebumbiro remitemo

Vatongi vanoshandisa simba rinokosha kupfurikidza nechiremera chavo kududzira mitemo ndokuhwirudzura zviito zvehurumende nokuda kwebumbiro remitemo. Mugadziriro nokuhwirudzura kwakasimba, matare anogona kuputsa mutemo nezviito zvamasangano zvinoputsa nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo. Chiremera choMutongi chinotsamira zvikuru pakuvimba kwavanhu muperero nokusasarura zvematare. Kudenha kwezvamatongerwe enyika pamusoro pokuzvimirira kwedare kunogona kusekesa chivimbo ichi ndokuvhiringidza gadziriro huru yokutonga.

Mapoka Anofarira Namasangano Anodzidzisa

Mapoka efariro anomirira zvibvumirano chaizvo uye kutsigira mitemo inobetsera mitezo yawo. Sangano dzebhizimisi, masangano evashandi, masangano emhoteredzo, uye mapoka ekodzero dzavagari vemo ose anotora rutivi mumuitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika. Simba ramapoka efariro rinosiana rakavakirwa papfuma yavo, mitezo, uye kusvika kuvambirwe kwezvisarudzo. Kufunga pamusoro pepesvedzero dzisingaenzaniswi nefariro dzapfuma kwakaparira chinjo munhimbedzo yemari neredhi rezvokuzivisa.

Mafungiro Ezvinobudisa Nhau Neevanhu

Zvinobudisa nhau zvinoumba pfungwa dzevanhu dzehurumende uye zvinoita kuti vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire nokushuma. Masangano enhau etsika akarasikirwa nepesvedzero yakati kumadhipatimendi emichina, masangano anoshandira masangano, uye mamwe mashoko. Kukamukana kwemapepanhau kwakaparira zvinetso zvokudzora kwehurumende yedemokrati, kubatanidza kuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzinogarwa neparadzirwo dzenhema.

Mabasa Anoita Kuti Pave Nesimba

Masangano anopa mitemo, tsika, uye miitiro zvinodzora mashandisirwe esimba. masangano akasimba ane simba rokuita miuyo inobudirira ndokudzvinyirira kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwawo. Masangano asina simba, mukupesana, anogonesa uori, kusashanda zvakanaka, uye kuiswa kwesimba mumaoko asingaverengeki.

Misangano Yomutemo Nokuita Mitemo

Mitemo yakagadzirirwa kuratidzira fariro dzakasiyana - siyana, namaune panhau dzakaoma, uye kuita mitemo inoratidzira zvisarudzo zveboka. Mitemo yeBacameral, ine makamuri maviri, inogovera nzvero dzokuwedzera pasimba romutemo. kubudirira kwamasangano emitemo kunotsamira pazvinhu zvakadai sezvivako zvedare, miitiro youriri, uye dzikamo yesimba pakati pemapoka mazhinji namaduku.

Zvirongwa Zvevakuru - vakuru uye Ubati Ubati Urongwa Hwehurumende

Simba rechiremera rakawedzera munyika dzakawanda sezvo hurumende dzakaita mitoro mikuru nokuda kwokutarisirwa kwemari, garikano, uye chengeteko yenyika. Masangano anotungamirira anotsamira pakukwanisa kwenyanzvi, kunamatira kumiitiro yapamutemo, uye miitiro yokutarisira inobudirira.

Gadziriro Dzokutonga Nokutonga kwoMutemo

Masangano evatongi anoda zvinhu zvakakwana, anotarisira vatongi, uye anochengetedza miitiro yezvisarudzo zvavo. Kana matare asina kuzvimirira kana kuti kukwanisa, kudzivirira kwepamutemo kunova kusina revo uye simba rinodzorwa.

Electoral Institutions Nokuzvidavirira Kwedemocratic

Gadziriro dzezvemari dzinoshandura vhoti mumimiririri uye dzinosarudza kuti simba rinochinjwa sei pakati pamapoka anokwikwidzana. Masangano evhoti (kubatanidza miganhu yoruwa, nzira dzokuvhota, uye mitemo yemari yenhimbe). Zvirongwa zvehurumende zvinosainwa zvinosimudzira makwikwi akakwana, kutora rutivi kwakafara, uye kuendesa kworugare simba.

Kuedza Simba Nechiremera Kwevanhu

Kuparadzirwa kwesimba nechiremera mukati mehurumende kune miuyo mikuru nokuda kwavagariwo zvavo vemo. iyi miuyo inotambanukira kupfuura kutora rutivi kwakarongwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kuti ivhiringidze mabanza ezvemari, ukama hwenzanga, uye rusununguko rwomunhu oga.

Simba uye Kusaenzana Kwemari

Simba rehurumende rinogona kuderedza kana kuti kuwedzera kusaenzana kwemari. Mitero inofambira mberi, mapurogiramu enzanga, uye kudzivirirwa kwevashandi zvinoshandisa chiremera chehurumende kuparadzira pfuma nebanza.

Michina Inozvidavirira Nokudzivirira Kusina Kufanira

Kuzvidavirira kunovimbisa kuti avo vari musimba vapindurire nokuda kwezviito zvavo uye miuyo nokuda kwomufambiro usina kururama. Kusarudza kunogovera mutoo mukurusa wokuzvidavirira, asi ivo havari vakakwana pachevo. Mitumbi inotarisirwa, rusununguko rwemitemo yemashoko, zvinodzivirira zvokupfura, uye zvinyorwa zvokuongorora zvose zvinobetsera kuchengeta simba rokuzvidavirira. Mitezo yokuzvidavirira yakasimba inodzivisa kushandiswa zvisina kufanira uye inochengeta chivimbo chavose mumasangano ehurumende.

Kubatanidzwa Muvagari Vemo Noutano Hwehurumende

Tsinhiro dzavose pamusoro pemirau inokarakadzwa, kupinda pamisangano yehurumende yomunzvimbomo, kubatana navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, uye kubatanidzwa mumasangano ehurumende yavanhu vose zvose zvinosimbisa masangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kutora rutivi kwakaderera, zvikurukuru pakati penzanga dzakaganhurirwa, kunogona kutungamirira kumitemo inoregeredza zvinodikanwa zvavagari vemo vasina dziviriro.

Simba, Kodzero, uye Rusununguko Runo mumwe Nomumwe

Kushandiswa kwesimba rehurumende kunoganhurira rusununguko rwomunhu mumwe nomumwe kusvikira kumwero wakati. Denho yenzanga ipi neipi ndeyokusarudza miganhu yakafanira pakati pechiremera cheboka norusununguko rwomunhu oga. Dziviriro dzeBumbiro remitemo nokuda kwokutaura, rudzidziso, gungano, uye kuvandika dzinogadza nzvimbo umo simba rehurumende rinoganhurirwa. Nharo pamusoro poukuru hwakafanira hwedziviriro idzi dziri kupfuurira, zvikurukuru sezvo ruzivo rutsva runoparira mibvunzo mitsva pamusoro pokunzvera, kuvanza mashoko, uye maruramiro ezvemawadhironic.

Zvinetso Zvenguva Ino Kuchiremera Chehurumende

Hurumende pasi pose dzinotarisana nedenho huru kuchiremera chadzo muzana ramakore ramakumi maviri namaviri, idzo dzinoedza kusimba kwamasangano aripo uye kunzverazve fungidziro dzagara dzichiitwa pamusoro pokutonga.

Kubudisa Mabhodhoro uye Kumanikidzwa Kurwisa Munzanga

Masangano ezvokubudisa nhau akawana simba mumasangano akawanda ehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu, akaoma akagadzwa nehurumende namasangano. vatungamiriri vezvokuparadzira kazhinji kazhinji vanozviratidzira vamene savanomirira vanhu vechokwadi mukurwisana navatungamiriri vakashata, kubatanidza vatongi, vabatiri vehurumende, uye vatori venhau. Nepo chipulizimu chichigona kusimbisa zvichemo zvapamutemo, chinogonawo kusekesa masangano anozvimirira ayo anodzivirira ubati ushe hwehurumende yehurumende yegutsaruzhinji.

Kudyidzana Kwenyika Dzakawanda uye Kusiyana Kwesimba

Hurumende dzenyika dzinoona zvichiwedzera kuoma kudzora basa rezvemari, kudyidzana kwezveupfumi hwenyika yose, masangano emarudzi akawanda, uye masangano enyika dzakawanda, kuoma kudzora basa rezvoupfumi, kudzora mashoko, kana kuti kukurukura zvinetso zvinoyambuka miganhu yenyika.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nokuchinja Kwokudzora

Unyanzvi hwemakombiyuta huri kuchinja mashandisiro anoita hurumende uye mashandiro anoita vagari vemo nadzo. Masangano ehurumende, kugadzirwa kwemiitiro yemajeri, uye kuitwa kwemitemo yemitemo zvinopa migumisiro yakanaka asiwo zvinomutsa kunetseka pamusoro pokuongorora, rusaruro, uye kuzvidavirira. Masangano ezvinobudisa nhau ava mava nhandare dzehurukuro dzezvematongerwe enyika, asi zvinobatsirawo kuti vanhu vasarudze mashoko enhema, vasarudze, uye vatonge dzimwe nyika.

Kusimbisa Kutonga Kwehurumende Yematongerwe Enyika Nokuda Kwenguva Yemberi

Kuedza kusimbisa masangano, kuwedzera kuzvidavirira, uye kutsigira kubatanidzwa kunogona kubatsira hurumende kukunda zvinetso zvemazuva ano asi dzichichengetedza tsika dzinodiwa nehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu.

Chivako Chokuchinja Zvinhu uye Chokushandisa Zvikuru

Kuchinja masangano kuti azviite kuti zvive zvinodavidza zvikuru, zvinooneka, uye zvinobudirira ibasa rinopfuurira. Kushandiswa kwesangano remazuva ano, kuvandudzwa kwemiitiro yokutarisira, uye kugadzirwa kwemari yezvounyanzvi zvinogona kuwedzera simba rehurumende. Kuchinja kwesangano kunoda kuti pave nenhamburiko dzinopfuurira uye kuda kwezvamatongerwe enyika, sezvo avo vanobetserwa negadziriro dziripo kazhinji kazhinji vachidzivisa kuchinja.

Dzidzo Yechikwata uye Kudzidza Zvematongerwe Enyika

Vagari vemo vakadzidziswa vanogona kukwanisa kuongorora zvirongwa zvedzidzo zvehurumende, zvematongerwo enyika, uye unyanzvi hwokufunga hunogona kubatsira vagari vemo kuti vabudirire.

Kushandira Pamwe Kwenyika Dzose uye Kutonga Pamwe Chete

Zvinetso zvakawanda zviripo iye zvino zvinoda kuti vanhu vabatane munyika yose. Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kupararira kwezvirwere, kudzora mamiriro ezvemari, uye kusachengeteka pakombiyuta zvose zvinodiwa kuti zviitwe nehurumende dzakawanda.

mhedziso

Nhau yokuti ndiani ane simba rehurumende anobvuma mhinduro iri nyore. Simba nechiremera zvinoparadzirwa mumasangano akawanda, vatambi, uye mwero yehurumende. Utano hwegadziriro ipi neipi yezvamatongerwe enyika hunotsamira pakuchengeta dzikamo yakafanira pakati pehurumende inobudirira neganhuriro pasimba. Vagari vanonzwisisa kuti simba rinoshanda sei munzanga yavo vakashongedzerwa zviri nani kupinda muupenyu hwezvamatongerwe enyika, kuita kuti vatungamiriri vave nokuzvidavirira kune zvakarurama, uye vatsigiri nokuda kwemigumisiro inowirirana neinowirirana. Sezvo hurumende dzinotarisana nedenho itsva nemikana mumakumi amakore anouya, ukama pakati pesimba nechiremera huchapfuurira kupfuurira kupfuurira, kuraira ngwariro inopfuurira kuvose vari vaviri vazivi navagari vemo.

Nokuda kwokuravazve pazvivako zvesimba rehurumende, rangarira kunzvera constitution. org nokuda kwezvinyorwa zvenhau, [[FLT]][[FLT]][5] TRANTY International[[[[FLT]] [[FLT]] nokuda kwokuzvidavirira kwenzverowokuzvidavirira, uye NARD [[FLT:]]