Kunzwisisa Simba Nechiremera: Chikonzero Nei Pane Musiyano

Musayenzi yezvamatongerwe enyika, magariro avanhu, uye kurukurirano dzoutungamiriri hwezuva nezuva, mashoko okuti “simba” na“ chiremera” kazhinji kazhinji anoshandiswa sokunge kuti zvinochinjika. Kunyange zvakadaro kuita kudaro kunodzikatidza musiyano wakakomba unoumba sei nzanga, masangano, uye kushanda kwoukama. Simba mano asati agadzirirwa kupesvedzera vamwe kana kuti kudzora kupfurikidza nesimba kana kuti kumanikidza. Iyi nyaya inonzvera mufungo mumwe nomumwe muudzame hwavo, uye funga zvaunoda nokuda kwavatungamiriri vavo, uye vagari vemo.

Simba Rinorondedzera

Simba rinogona kunzwisiswa sesimba romunhu kana kuti boka rokuchinja mufambiro wavamwe, kunyange mukurwisana nokuda kwavo. Iro idi resonganiro: simba riripo bedzi mubatano pakati pamapoka. nyanzvi yamagariro avanhu] Maxber [ inorondedzera simba se “bviro yokuti munhu ari mutambi muukama hwenzanga achava ari munzvimbo yokuita kuda kwake amene pasinei zvapo nokudzivisa." Iyi rondedzero inosimbisa kuti simba haridi kubvumiranwa kupfurikidza nokumanikidza, kumanikidza, kana kuti kunyengetesa.

Kukura Kwesimba

Nyanzvi dzinowanzosiyanisa mativi [ kana kuti ukuru hwesimba:

  • Kutanga Dimension (Kuita Simba): Kukwanisa kukurira murwisano dzakajeka ndokuita zvisarudzo zvinotapura vamwe. Muenzaniso: CEO anosarudza panzvimbo yakapararira yekambani.
  • SAUNIon (Agenda-Simba Rinotangira): Kukwanisa kudzora nhau dzipi dzinokurukurwa kana kuti kunyange kurangarirwa. Kupfurikidza nokuchengeta misoro yakati patafura, vatambi vane simba vanogona kudzivisa rwisano chose chose. Muenzaniso: maneja anodzivisa kurukurirano yezvisarudzo zvebasa zviri kure.
  • Dimension (Simba reIdeological): Kukwanisa kuumba zvitendero zvavanhu, zvavanoda, uye pfungwa kuitira kuti vagamuchire nhevedzano iripo seyomuzvarirwo kana kuti isingadzivisiki. Muenzaniso: kushambadzira kunoita kuti kuda kutenga senzira yokuwana mufarwa.

Kunzwisisa uku kukura kunozivisa chikonzero nei simba rinowanzoshanda nenzira yamanomano, kwete bedzi kupfurikidza nemirairo yapachivande.

Marudzi Esimba

Kuvakwa pagadziriro dzakakurumbira dzinotangwa nanyanzvi dzendangariro dzenzanga French neRaven, tinogona kuisa simba mumarudzi anoverengeka:

  • Simba reProfence: rakavakirwa patyisidziro yechirango kana kuti mano okuisa miuyo yakaipa. Simba rapachivande ramapurisa anodzvinyirira rinoshandisa simba rapachivande; mudzidzisi anotyisidzira kupfiga anoshandisawo.
  • Simba reReturd: Inobva mukukwanisa kugovera betsero dzakadai sekusimudzirwa, honasi, kana kuti rumbidzo. Maneja ane simba pamusoro pomushandi anotsvaka mutengo.
  • GEGITATT Simba: Rinobva panzvimbo yakarongwa kana kuti basa rinopa chiremera. Mupurisa, mutongi, kana kuti mutungamiriri wetimu ane simba rapamutemo. Zvisinei, simba rapamutemo rinowanzofanana nechiremera (8) pfundo ratichanzvera gare gare.
  • Simba reCertification: Rinobva muzivo chaiyo, unyanzvi, kana kuti unyanzvi. Zano rezvokurapa rachiremba rinorema nemhaka yesimba renyanzvi; injiniya wesoftware anoremekedzwa nokuda kwamano ake okunyora.
  • Simba rakakomba: rakavakirwa pakukwezva kwomunhu oga, kuyemurwa, kana kuti kuzivikanwa naiye ane simba. Vatambi navatungamiriri vesimba rinokwezva kazhinji kazhinji vanotsamira pasimba rinopa ngwariro.
  • [ Simba roruzivo rwokuziva: dzora mashoko anokosha kana kuti anoshaikwa. Munhu anoziva mashoko akavanzika kana kuti zivo yapakati anogona kupesvedzera zvisarudzo.
  • Simba reIngano: Rinobva mumibatanidzwa nemibatanidzwa (h] waunoziva. Mugamuchiri ane zvisungo zvakasimba kuvaiti vemitemo anogona kushandisa pesvedzero inopfuura basa ravo renguva dzose.

Somuenzaniso, simba ramaneja rinogona kuva repamutemo (pamusana pebasa racho), rinopa mubayiro wakavakirwa parutivi, uye rimwe diki rinotogona kupiwa kana riine unyanzvi.

Kurondedzera Chiremera

Chiremera ikodzero inozivikanwa uye yakarongwa yokushandisa simba. Kusafanana nesimba risina kurongwa, chiremera chinotsamira pabvumirano(kana kuti kugamuchirwa(kwaavo vanodzorwa kwairi). Vanhu vanoteerera chiremera kwete zvikurukuru nemhaka yokuti vanotya chirango, asi nemhaka yokuti vanodavira kuti munhu ane chiremera ane maruramiro okurayira. Uku kuva pamutemo kunogona kubva mugamuchidzanwa, miitiro yapamutemo, kana kuti kugamuchirwa kwomunhu oga.

Zvikamu Zvitatu Zvechiremera chaMax

Sangano remagariro avanhu MAx Weber rakagovera typology yakakurumbira ichiri kupesvedzera nhasi:

  • Chiremera chenhau dzakagara dziripo: zvakavakirwa patsika dzakatangwa kwenguva refu, tsika, uye zvivako zvenzanga. Zvigaro namadzishe endudzi kazhinji kazhinji zvinowana chiremera mugamuchidzanwa. Vanhu vanoteerera nemhaka yokuti “ndiyo yave iri.” Muenzaniso: basa remiitiro yehurumende yeBritain.
  • [[FLT: 0] Chiremera chamajarista: Yakavakirwa mumavara omunhu omunhu echienzi ($charism, hona, kana kuti anozivikanwa kafuridzirwa woumwari. Vateveri vanokweverwa kumunhu wacho, kwete nzvimbo. Muenzaniso: Martin Luther King Jr., Mahtma Gandhi, kana kuti mutungamiriri anomukira anonyandura boka rinotevera.
  • Chiremera cheRegional: chakavakirwa pamitemo yakagadzwa, mitemo, uye miitiro. Ichi chimiro chikuru munzanga dzazvino uno(mabhireaucracy), matongerwe enyika, uye masangano. Chiremera chinogara muhofisi, kwete munhu mumwe. Kutonga kwomutongi kunotakura chiremera nemhaka yetsika yemitemo, kwete nemhaka yemiitiro yomunhu oga yomutongi.

Weber akataura kuti chiremera chesimba rinokwezva hachina kugadzikana nenzira yomuzvarirwo nemhaka yokuti chakabatanidzwa nomunhu mumwe; chinokombamira kuva “chinochinjirwa” muzvimiro zvegamuchidzanwa kana kuti zvapamutemo pashure pokunge mutungamiriri aenda.

Basa Rokuva Mutezo Wapamutemo

Kurambwa ndicho chinhu chikuru chinoshandura simba kuva chiremera. Apo simba rinoonekwa serapamutemo, vanhu vanonzwa musengwa wetsika wokuteerera; apo kusati kuri, vangadzivisa kana kuti kuwirirana bedzi nokusazvidemba. Muzivi wezvamatongerwe enyika [[FLT: 0] David Hume uye gare gare Jürgen Habbermas akasimbisa kuti kuva nokuvimbika kunotsamira pachitendero chadzorwiwadzorwa kuti tsika yacho inongova yakarurama kana kuti yakafanira. Hurumende inorasikirwa nesimba rakakodzera ingava ichiri ichiri kushandisa nesimba, asi inoshaiwa chiremera kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji.

Misiyano Inokosha Pakati Pesimba Nechiremera

Tafura iri pasi apa inopfupikisa kusiyana kwacho, yozoteverwa nekurukurirano ine udzame.

  • [[[FOL:0] .Legitagi:[[FT:1] Chiremera chinogara chiri chapamutemo mukuona kwaavo vanochigamuchira. Simba ringasava repamutemo kana kuti kunyange risiri rapamutemo.
  • Chiremera chinobva panzvimbo inozivikanwa (basa rinopiwa, zita rokugara nhaka, kurongeka) kana kuti pabvumirano yenzanga inozivikanwa. Simba rinogona kubuda kubva kuchinhu chipi nechipi(simba romuviri, mari, zivo, chamugariro, kana kuti kukwanisa kuwana mashoko.
  • Contect: Chiremera chinobatanidza kubvumirana kwokuzvidira kana kuti kugamuchirwa kusingadzorwi. Simba rinogona kushandiswa pasina mvumo(kunyange mukudzivisa kwokushingaira.)
  • Chiremera chinotsamira pamipimo, mirau, uye misengwa yapakati. Simba ringatsamira pasimba, kumanikidza, kana kuti kudzvinyirira.
  • Chiremera: kazhinji kazhinji chinoganhurirwa kunzvimbo dzakati dzinorondedzerwa nebasa (mutoo, mudzidzisi ane chiremera pamusoro pomufambiro wekirasi asi kwete pamusoro poupenyu hwomunhu oga hwavadzidzi). Simba ringapararira uye risina kuganhurirwa.
  • Chiremera, kana chichigamuchirwa navose, chinoparira ukama hwakatsiga, hunozivikanwa. Simba risina chiremera rinowanzoshorwa uye harina kugadzikana, rinoda kuchengetwa kwenguva dzose.

Somuenzaniso, mukuru mukuru we ane chiremera chokutungamirira motokari nemhaka yechiremera chapamutemo; vatyairi vazhinji vanowirirana nokudisa. Asi kana munhu akashonga, akavhara kumeso akamira pakati pomugwagwa ndokutungamirira motokari, munhu iyeyo ane simba (kupfurikidza netyisidziro yamasimba masimba) asi asina chiremera. Muuyo ungaratidzika kuva wakafanana, asi simba renzanga rapasi rakasiana zvikuru.

Ukama Pakati Pesimba Nechiremera

Simba nechiremera hazvisi zvimwe; kazhinji kazhinji zvinowirirana munzira dzakaoma kunzwisisa. Chiremera chinogona kuonekwa sesimba rinoumbwa [

  • Ukuru husina Simba: Mambo ane mufananidzo kana kuti purezidhendi wetsika angava nechiremera muzita asi mano mashomanene chaiwoiwo okupesvedzera zvinoitika. Chinzvimbo chavo chinoremekedzwa, asi ivo vanoshaiwa zviwanikwa kana kuti zvamatongerwe enyika kuda kushandura chiremera ichocho kuva chiito.
  • Simba risina Chiremera: Mutungamiriri wokubvuta, muvhozhokeri wekambani, kana kuti mubati wenyongori angabata simba guru(mano okumanikidza kuzviisa pasi) asi kushaya maruramiro api naapi anozivikanwa okutonga. Simba ravo rinoshandiswa kunze kwezvivako zvegadziriro uye kazhinji kazhinji rinova risingatani kusimba.
  • Mutunity Edictivement: Mumasangano anobudirira, chiremera chinogovera gadziriro umo simba rinoshandiswa nenzira inobudirira. Hurumende yakasanangurwa nehurumende ine zvose zviri zviviri chiremera nesimba rokuita kuti mitemo iteererwe. Vagari vanogamuchira zvisarudzo nemhaka yokuti vanorangarira hurumende seyapamutemo, inoderedza kudikanwa kwokumanikidzirwa.
  • Kuedza: Masangano enzanga anowanzovavarira kudenha chiremera chiripo (mutoo, kutsutsumwa mutemo usina kururama) achivaka panguva imwe chete zvimiro zvitsva zvechiremera zvakavakirwa pahumwe hupamutemo (mutoo, chiremera chetsika). Sangano rekodzero dzavagari vemo muUnited States rakatsvaka kutsiva chiremera chemitemo yekodzero dzehurumende nechiremera chetsika chakakwirira zvikuru chinotsamira pahumwe wirirano.

Mienzaniso Yenhau

Zviratidzo: Vatungamiriri vakaita saAdolf Hitler kana kuti Joseph Stalin vaiva nesimba guru kupfurikidza nokumanikidza, mashoko anoparadzirwa, uye kudzorwa kwezvishandiso zvehurumende. Zvisinei, vakatsvakawo kugadzira pamutemo kupfurikidza nekurukurirano, dzidziso, uye zvitendero zvohunhu. Simba ravo harina kutongoshandurwa zvizere kuva chiremera chakatsiga, uko kuri chikonzero nei hurumende dzose dziri mbiri dzaida kunzvera kwakapararira norutyo.

Hurumende dzeDemocratic : Chiremera chavatungamiriri vedemocracy chinotorwa muvhoti nemiitiro yebumbiro-mitemo. Ichi chiremera chinogamuchirwa zvakatanhamara kunyange naavo vanosarudza mukurwisana nebato rinohwina(] “vatsigiri” vanobvumira maruramiro omukundi okutonga. Uku kuva nomutemo kunobvumira hurumende dzinotonga nesimba risingatatiri zvikuru kupfuura zviremera zvoutongi.

Misangano yekodzero dzavagari vemo: Magirasirosa mafambiro akadai se sangano rebasa kana sangano rekodzero dzevagari vemo [ raiwanzova nesimba retsika asi risina chiremera chesangano. Kupfurikidza nokuronga vakomana, vagari vagere, uye vanoramba, ivo vanomanikidzira zviremera zvakatangwa (masangano, masangano) kuziva zvinodikanwa zvavo uye pakupedzisira kupa maruramiro matsva epamutemo.

Maonero Anoita Simba Nechiremera

Vazivi nenyanzvi dzezvamatongerwe enyika vakanguve vachikakavadzana rudzi rweiyi mirangariro.

  • [[FLT: 0] Niccol̆ Machiavelli[[FL:1] (Prince): Machiavelli akapa zano rakakurumbira kuvatongi kuvavarira zvose zviri zviviri simba nechitarisiko chechiremera. Kuri nani kutyiwa kupfuura kudiwa kana musingagoni kuva zvose zviri zviviri, asi kuchengeta façade yokururama kunoderedza kudzivisa.
  • Thomas Hobbes [[Leviathan]]: Hobbes akarangarira kuti pasina chiremera chavose, upenyu hungava “hondo inorwisana navose.” Chiremera chinofanira kuva chakakwana kuchengeta rugare [__________] vanhu vanopa simba ravo romunhu oga kumunhu anodzora nokuda kwechengeteko.
  • [[FOLT: 0] Hannah Arendt[[FLT: 1] (Pachisimba): Arendt yakasiana nesimba nechiremera namasimba masimba. Nokuti Arendt, simba rinoparirwa nezviito zvakabatana nebvumirano; chiremera chimiro chesimba rinobvumwa nokugamuchirwa nokuzvidira. Masimba masimba, mukupesana, isimbawo zvaro uye rinoratidzira kuputsika kwesimba.
  • Michel Foucault (Discipline nerachirango): Foucault yakasundira kusimba duku-duku-duku(hwukuru hwesimba rinoshanda kupfurikidza nemiitiro yezuva riri rose, masangano, uye kunyange zivo imene. Iye akarangarira kuti masangano azvino uno anoshandisa kunzvera nokudzikamisa kuti adane vanhu vanorangwa, kudzikamisa mutsetse pakati pesimba nechiremera.
  • Rukas dzinokwana (Simba: Murangariro Wapachigadziko): Rukas akafutunurwa pamativi matatu esimba, achiisa mifananidzo yapakuvamba nokuda kwokufuratira kuti zvimiro zvesimba nemirangariro. Basa rake rinoramba riri rakavakirwa munzvero yesimba rapanguva ino.

Zvinetso Zvazvino Uno: Macorporate, Madhigitary, uye Magariro

Simba Nechiremera Mubasa

Vakuru vakuru navakuru vane simba rapamutemo rakavakirwa pamabasa avo esangano. Zvisinei, utungamiriri hunobudirira hunowanzoda zvinopfuura chiremera chetsika. Simba reExpert, simba, simba, uye mano okugadza purogiramu (rutivi rwechipiri) zvinoda kuitirwa pesvedzero yechokwadi. Kunyanyovimba nesimba rokushanda nerokushandira, tyisidziro, mirau inodzorwa nekuvadziko. Rondero yazvino uno inosimbisa “utungamiriri hwemushandi” uye“ utungamiriri hwezviito zvenguva dzose" senzira dzokuvaka nadzo chiremera pahwaro hwokuremekedzana.

Chiremera Chemagetsi uye Kupesvedzera

Muzera rezvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga, chiremera chegamuchidzanwa chinowanzodenhwa nezvimiro zvitsva zvesimba remipimo. Munhu ane nzvimbo huru yepaIndaneti inotevera anogona kuva nepesvedzero huru pamusoro pomurangariro wavose, mufambiro wevatengi, uye kunyange miuyo yezvamatongerwe enyika (kazhinji kazhinji pasina basa ripi neripi rehurumende. ] inhimbei dzinobatanidza simba ramasuo [, nyanzvi, uye batano yemanzwi, asi haina kuva nesimba rakarongwa. Pulatformations seYouTube, Tik, na X (Akatangira) inobvumira vanhu kupfuudza masuo enzvimbo dzegamuchidzanwa (vapepeti, nyanzvi dzedzidzo). Zvisinei, iyi inomutsawo mibvunzo pamusoro pountry: avo vakavimbika? [FLT]

Simba Remitemo

Maatomu anoona migumisiro yedenderedzwa, anorumbidza zvigadzirwa, kana kuti mashoko anopa simba ramanomano. Anoumba mashoko atinoona, atinopesvedzera zvatinoda, uye anogona kutopesvedzera mufambiro wedu. Asi simba iri hariwanzojekeswa, uye harina kubvumira kuzivisa chiremera. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti makambani ezvoruzivo ane simba guru kwazvo pasina kuzvidavirira kunowirirana. Nharo dzinobatanidzwa pamusoro pemwero, mashoko akavanzika, uye tsvedzero dzinova, pamusoro porumano esimba iroro.

Zvakaoma Kudzidza

Vadzidzi vanogona kubetsera vadzidzi kuziva kuti haisi pesvedzero yose yapamutemo uye kuti chiremera chimene chinogona kupokanwa ndokuchinjwa.

Kudzidzira Mukirasi

  • Shandisa fundo dzenhau: Enzanisa noutungamiriri hwaFranklin D. Roosevelt (chiremera mukati menjodzi) nouyo wamaneja wefekitari anoshandisa tyisidziro (simba rekoritari).
  • Ongorora zviitiko zviripo zvino: Masangano okuramba akaita seBlack Live Confect kana kuti makwikwi okuda kurwisa mamiriro okunze anodenha kana kuti anoita sei kuti pave nezvimiro zvitsva zvechiremera?
  • Zviitiko zvinotevedzana: Vadzidzi vanoita mamiriro ezvinhu apo mutungamiriri ane chiremera asi asina simba (munhu ane simba) kana kuti simba asi asina chiremera (mutungamiriri asingadiwi).

Mibvunzo Yekurukurirano

  • Simba rinopesvedzera sei zvitayera zvoutungamiriri mutsika dzakasiyana?
  • Funga nezvomudzidzisi anoremekedzwa asi asina mano okuita kuti mitemo ipi neipi iteererwe — ko ivo vachiri vane chiremera here?
  • Chii chinosiyanisa kutsutsumwa kwapamutemo nokumanikidzwa kusiri pamutemo?
  • Zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvinochinja sei manzwisisiro atinoita simba?

Mamwe Manyuko

Nokuda kwokunyudza kukuru zvikuru, varaidzi navadzidzi vanganzvera Simba neChiremera” nhevedzano yevhidhiyo kubva kuHrange Sociology [inogovera chiono chinowanika. Mukuwedzera, magwaro apakuvamba aWeber (Economy and Society) na Arendt (One masimba masimba) anoramba achiverengwa.

mhedziso

Musiyano pakati pesimba nechiremera hausiwo zvawo dzidzo yedzidzo chete, ine miuyo chaiyoiyo yenyika nokuda kwenzira yatinonzwisisa nayo kudzora, utungamiriri, uye chinjo yenzanga. Simba mano okuwana zvaunoda, pasinei zvapo nebvumirano; chiremera ndihwo hunamaruramiro anoita kuti mano iwayo agamuchirike kune vamwe. Savane simba vashandewo zvikuru apo vanochengeta chiremera chapamutemo, uye apo chiremera chinorangarirwa kuva chinozvidavirira naavo vanotonga. Savagari vemo, vadzidzi, uye vatungamiriri venguva yemberi, vachiziva mifungo yeiyi mifungo inotishongedzera kupinda muzvivako zvepesvedzero ye(hn), kamba, kana kuti dare renyika. Kupfurikidza nokuramba manyuko nesimba, tinobetsera kuva vatsvakidzwa zvikuru navane rutivi rwenyika.