Basa Resimba Romutemo Mukubvisa Chiratidzo Chezvokudya

Simba romutemo inheyo pakavakirwa mipimo yezvokudya nezvokudya. Mitemo inopfuudzwa nehurumende dzenyika nenharaunda inorondedzera kuti mashokoi anofanira kuoneka papasuru dzezvokudya, kuti anofanira kupiwa sei, uye izvo vagadziri vanotaura kuti vanobvumirwa kuita. Iyi gadziriro yepamutemo inopesvedzera zvakananga mufambiro wevatengi, miitiro yebhizimisi, uye miuyo youtano yavose. Pasina mutemo wakasimba, musika haungashaiwi kujeka kunodikanwa kuvatengi kuti vaite zvisarudzo zvezvokudya zvakaziviswa.

MuUnited States, Kuzivikanwa kwa1990 [NELEA] wakanga uri mutemo wakatanhamara wairaira kuti zviratidzo zvezvokudya zvinovaka muviri zvive zviratidzo pazvokudya zvizhinjisa zvakaiswa mumitengo. Kwaida kuziviswa kwemacalorie, mafuta, mafuta, cholesterol, sodium, fiber, fiber, shuga, uye protein, pamwe noukuru hwokubatira hwakavakirwa pakushandiswa. U.S. Food ne Drug Administration (FDA) zvinogadziridza nguva dzose zvinodikanwa izvi; somuenzaniso, kuvandudza 2016 kwakabatanidza shuga nezvinogadziriswa zvezuva nezuva. DAP]

Nenzira yakafanana, Hurumende yeEurope yeEuropean Union Mashoko ezvokudya kuConsumers (EUFIC) Regation (Nhamba 1 1169/2011) inotsinhiranisa mitemo inowirirana mudzimwe nyika dziripo. Inoraira chiziviso chezvokudya zvinodikanwa (zvisingakwaniswi, mafuta, zvakadiridza, macarbohydrate, shuga, protein, munyu) uye inodawo kuisa chiratidzo chadzo chemipimo yemazita, nyika-onzi, uye kuvapo kwezvimwe zvipembedzo. Mamwe marudzi, kubatanidza Canada, Australia, Japan, Brazil, ane chiratidzo chawo chokudya chakazara, mitemo yomunzvimbomo youtano nezvokudya.

Kuumba Kunoita Mipimo Yezvokudya

Kupfuura kuziviswa kwechinhu chiri nyore, mitumbi yemitemo inogadza mipimo yetsika inotapura zvakananga kugadzirwa kwezvokudya nokutengeswa kwezvimwe zvinhu. Iyi mipimo inowanzovakirwa murumbidzo dzesayenzi kubva kumasangano outano hwavanhu vose uye inogadzirirwa kuderedza kupararira kwehosha dzinobatanidzwa nezvokudya.

Miganhu Mikurusa Yezvinovaka Zvinokuvadza

Hurumende dzakawanda dzakagadza ganhuriro dzapamutemo dzezvokudya zvakadai semafuta anopfuudza, munyu, uye kuwedzerwa shuga muzvokudya zvakagadzirwa. Somuenzaniso, chisarudzo cheFDA muna 2015 chokuti mafuta ane hydrogen (manyuko makuru emafuta okuisirwa) haachaonekwi se “akachengeteka zvikuru” (GRAS) yakatungamirira kudanho rakaparadza zviuru zvematani emafuta kubva kuU.S. Denmark yakanga iri nyika yokutanga kuisa miganhu yakaganhurirwa yemandarira mukuita zviitiko zvemwoyo. [[FLT:] World Health Organization’s REcial

Mirayiridzo Yezvokudya yeChikoro

Simba remitemo rinotambanukira kupurogiramu dzezvokudya zvinovaka muviri dzinotsigirwa pachena. Heary, Hunger-Free Kids Act ya2010 mipimo yezvokudya zvakavandudzwa nokuda kwezvokudya zvechikoro, ichida michero yakawanda, miriwo, tsanga, tsanga, uye mafuta mashoma emota, nepo ichiganhurira sodium nemafuta asina utano. Nenzira yakafanana, UK’s School Food Diss Ratections inoraira kuti zvikoro zvibatire zvokudya zvinovaka muviri uye zvinoganhurira zvokudya zvinovaka muviri. Mitevero iyi inoumba kugadziridza miitiro yokudya vana uye yakaratidza kuvandudza kukura muzvokudya.

Mipimo Yokuzvidira

Mimwe mipimo yezvokudya inotsigirwa nokuzvidira asi inotsigirwa negadziriro dzemitemo. Somuenzaniso, National Salt Reduction Initive muUK yakashandisa zvisakiso zvokuzvidira zvakarongwa neFoood Standards Agency, zvinotsigirwa nokushuma kwavose, kuderedza munyu muzvokudya zvakagadzirwa ne40% neanenge makore gumi. Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzoutano dzakawanda dzinotaura kuti zvipfuro zvechikwaniriso zvinobereka zvinobereka migumisiro inokurumidza, inowirirana zvikuru, zvikurukuru nokuda kwevagari vemo vasina dziviriro.

Mitemo Inopa Mashoko Ezvokudya Pasi Rose

Kunzwisisa kusiyana - siyana kwemabumbiro ezvokudya kunokosha kuti munhu ateerere uye kuti aongorore kubudirira kwenzira dzakasiyana - siyana, zvichiita kuti pave nezvinodiwa nemakambani emarudzi akawanda.

Mu Eupan Union, mabhii anofanira kubatanidza chiziviso chezvokudya zvinovaka muviri chinodikanwa mugadziriro chaiyo (100 g/ml), nendaza yezvokudya zvinovaka muviri munhevedzano yakarongeka. Mukuwedzera, EU inodzora zvokudya nezvinoda utano pasi peRegatimendial (EC) No 1924/2006, inorambidza kutaura kuti inotsausa kana kuti haibvumikiswa nesayenzi. Somuenzaniso, chinhu hachigoni kutaura kuti “chine mafuta mashoma” kana chiri mushugaro mukuru, uye kuderera kwehosha kunoda kuwirirana neRegatection (EFS) yeEuropean Foography Guide couty (EFS).

Canada yakagadziridza mirau yayo inopa zvokudya zvinovaka muviri muna 2016, ichitanga purogiramu itsva yetafura ye “Maidi eChimuko” ine rudzi rukuru, ndaza yakadzokororwa yezvokudya, uye chinodikanwa chezvikamu zvezuva nezuva. Muna 2022, Canada yakaita kuti pamberi-pamberi pe-pamberi pa“pamusoro pezviratidzo mu” zviratidzo zvenyevero pazvokudya zvine mafuta akawanda, shuga, kana kuti sodium. Muto uyu wakafanana nowe , unoita kuti mutemo ushande muna 2016 unoda mapepa echitema anonyevera zvokudya zvisina utano, pamwe chete neganhuriro dzinoshandiswa kuvana.

Australia neNew Zealand zvinoshandisa mipimo yezvokudya inobatana inotarisira neFoood Digist Australia New Zealand (FLANZ). Vanodawo boka ramashoko ezvokudya asi vanopawo migove yokuzvidira ye “Health Star Ement". Tragment. Zvisinei, mutambo wacho wave usina kuenzana, unotungamirira kudanidziridza mibato yemitemo. Panguva ino, Indiya inosuma Utemuko neDraviso neDzodziro (Raringidzo neChiratidziro), 2021, izvo zvinoda mashoko ane udzame, maurirwo ose, anodikanwa, uye mapepa chaiwo ezvokudya zvakagadziridzwa.

Kuratidzira Musoro Wapamberi PePackage: Kuwedzera Kwomutemo

Kunyora mashoko kuseri kwechikamu chekugadzira kwazova nzvimbo yakatanhamara yechirongwa chemitemo. Vavariro ndeyokukurumidza kupa zvokudya zvinovaka muviri kuvatengi, zvikurukuru nokuda kwezvinovaka muviri zvikuru zveitiro hanya youtano. Nyika dzakagamuchira miitiro yakasiana-- siyana:

  • Mabhii anodzivisa (Chine, Mexico, Uruguay, Israel, Canada): zviratidzo zveBlack octagon izvo zvinoratidzira mwero yakakwirira yeshuga, sodium, mafuta akawandisa, kana kuti calorie. Mutemo weChile unoganhurirawo kutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa zvakadaro kuvana uye unovadzivisa muzvikoro.
  • [[FFLT:0] Nutri-Score (France, Belgium, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, Luxembourg, Switzerland): A-color, A-A-E inosvika pamwero unotara uwandu hwezvokudya zvose zvakavakirwa pamitemo inowedzera. Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvikuru muFrance uye pasi penzvero yapamutemo mune dzimwe mitezo yeEU.
  • .Traffic Light System (UK – yokuzvidira): Mazita emavara (otsvuku, aizi, girini) mafuta, shuga, uye munyu. Kunyange zvazvo vatengesi vanodisa, vakafanana naNestlé vakaagamuchira.

Kutora matanho okuita kuti FOP ive yapamutemo kunofanira kuitwa. Dare reEurope rakakarakadza chiratidzo chinorambidza EU-UNICEF FOP, kunyange zvazvo udzame huchiramba huchikakavadzana. FDA yeU.S. iri kurangarira “chiratidzo chakakwirira mu” chenyevero nokuda kweshuga dzakawedzerwa, asi hapana mutemo wokupedzisira wakabudiswa sokuvamba kwe2025.

Matambudziko Nemasangano Mumutemo Wokunyora Zvokudya

Nepo nhamburiko dzehurumende dzichivavarira kudzivirira utano hwevanhu, kazhinji kazhinji dzinosangana nezvibingamupinyi zvikuru ndokunyandura gakava.

Chishoro Cheindasitiri Nokubira

Makambani ezvokudya nezvinwiwa anowanzorwisa kunyora mitemo ingagona kuderedza mhindu. Vanopikisa kuti nyevero dzapamutemo kana kuti zvinodikanwa zvinoganhurira zvinodzorwa pakutaura kwezvokutengeserana uye chisarudzo chavatengi. MuUnited States, mapoka amaindasitiri akawana donzo nenzira inobudirira kunetesa mitemo yokuisa zita remitemo(somuenzaniso, mepu yeFDA inoisa chiratidzo chetsika yemaindasitiri yakanonotswa kakawanda nemhaka yedzvinyiriro yemaindasitiri. Nenzira yakafanana, kunyorwa kwemagene ezvinhu zvipenyu zvakachinjwa (GMOS) hakuna kurairwa nomutemo kutozosvikira National Bioceredered Food Dislohavive Standard yatangwa muna 2016, asi maindasitiri anositorerwa nokuda kwechiratidzo chinokwenetesa mashoko nechekero yePUR panzvimbo penyevero yakajeka.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, makambani anoshandisa nzira yokupokana nayo nemitemo yenyevero yeChile yakatarisana nemhosva dzaibva kumakambani ezvokudya achipa nharo dzokuti ganhuriro pashambadziro dzakanga dzisina kuwirirana. Dare Rapamusoro reChile pakupedzisira rakatsigira mutemo muna 2018, richigadza muenzaniso womutemo wakafanana mune dzimwe nyika.

Kutaura Kwakarurama uye Kunotsausa

Kunyange nemirau yorumano, mabudire anobvumira kutsausa zita. Mashoko akafanana ne “musikirwo,” kana kuti“ chiedza” anogona kuva asina kujeka uye kushatiswa nevanotengesa. FDA haina kurondedzerwa zviri pamutemo kuti inoreva chinhu chinoitwa kana kuti chokuisira, chinotungamirira kukuvhiringidzika kwevatengi. Nenzira yakafanana, “yakanaka” yakashandiswa pamichero yakakwirira netsanga. Mumhinduro, FDA ichangobva kukarakadzwa kuti inoita kuti ive tsvigiri, inoda kuwirirana neganhuriro pashuga dzakawedzerwa shuga, mafuta akawandisa, uye mafuta akawandisa.

Zvoutano zvinotaurwa pamusoro pezvokudya zvinomutsa nharo. MuU.S., FDA inobvumira marudzi maviri: kutaura kwoutano kunobvumirwa (kunoda bvumirano inokosha yesayenzi uye hakuwanzowaniki) uye kutaura kwoutano kwakakwaniriswa (kwakavakirwa paufakazi huri kukura asi nedhilaimer). Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti kunyange kutaura kwakakodzera kunogona kutsausa vatengi mukudavira zvokudya kune utano apo zvisati zviri. EU ine gadziriro inoganhurirwa zvikuru: kutaura kwakarongwa muEU Register of odism and real vicess kunofanira kubvumirwa, uye kutsamira paufakazi hwesayenzi hunowanzogamuchirwa.

Kuedzerwa uye Chiremera cheHurumende

Mugadziriro dzehurumende dzakadai seU.S. neCanada, kukamukana kwesimba pakati pehurumende dzenyika nedzinosiana kunoparira kusawirirana. Zvokudya zveUnited States, Drug, uye Cosmetic Act zvine mashoko akafara okudzima, izvo zvinoreva kuti nyika hadzigoni kuisa zvinodikanwa zvakasiyana kana kuti mukuwedzera kumira mitemo yehurumende, kunze kwedzimwe nzvimbo dzakafanana nenyevero dzekotsekano pamusoro pezvinwiwa zvinodhakisa. Zvisinei, hurumende dzakaedza kupfuudza mitemo yadzo yokuzvimirira pachangamire pachako yadzo, 65 (Nomhiko yeFod Stockhoo Effic Act) yakatanga nyevero dzemakero dzemakero yemakemikari muzvokudya, idzo dzinorwisana nemuitiro weFDA. Nhau yezvokushamba yezvokudya yakaonawo mugariro wemajini yejini yejini yakaonawo womugariro wadzoroma (muteshinga womutemo wayo womutemo weGO) wakapfuumbidzwa wokupedzisira wemugadziri wezvokudya.

Kusawirirana kwakafanana kuripo muCanada, umo chinodikanwa cheQuebec chokunyora mazita echiFrench mumutemo chakasimba zvikuru kupfuura zvinodikanwa zvomubatanidzwa, kuchitungamirira kugadziridzo mumirau yenyika.

Kumanikidza Nokutsigira: Murayiro Wezvokudya

Mitemo yokuisa zviratidzo zvezvokudya inowanzoshandiswa nemasangano akazvitsaurira ane chiremera chokuongorora zvinhu, kuongorora, kunyora tsamba, kunyevera, uye faindi kana kuti kutora zvinhu.

MuUnited States, FDA inotarisira chengeteko nokunyorwa kwezvokudya zvose kunze kwenyama, huku, uye zvigadzirwa zvemazai zvakagadzirwa, zvinowira pasi pe USDA. FDA ifundo dzenguva dzose, zvigadzirwa zvemienzaniso, uye mabhukwana. Ine simba rokukumbira kuchinja chiratidzo, kunoda zviito zvokururamisa, kana kuti kutsvaka kuyeuka. [[FLTL:] FLAT] FYC] Commission yeTract [FC:5] mapurisa anotaura nokuda kwezvokudya, kubatanidza izvo zvakaitwa paterevhizheni, redhiyo, uye Internet.

EU inotsamira pamuenzaniso wokuchengeta zvokudya wakakodzera: nyika imwe neimwe iri mutezo inogadza chiremera chayo imene chine unyanzvi (sezvinei, Food Directal Agency muUK, ANSE muFrance). Idzi zviremera zvinobatira pamwe kupfurikidza neRapid Alert System yeFood neFod (RASFF), iyo inogoverana mashoko pamusoro pekotsekano yezvokudya yakakomba nenhau dzinopa mazita. European Commis inoitawo nhevedzano yezvoutano neFod Apply and Anly Calytics and bazuts.

Mune EU, faindi inozivikanwa navose, uye mune dzimwe nyika dzakadai seFrance neGermany, vapunzi vanogona kutarisana nokuiswa mutorongo. Zvisinei, kuchengetwa kunowanzodenhwa nezviwanikwa zvakaganhurirwa, uwandu hwezvinhu zviri pamusika, uye kuoma kwezvipo munyika yose.

Zvirongwa zvechitatu zvechikamu chesimbi zvepachivande, zvakadai se Non-GMO Project inozivikanwa kana DAUDYY [[, inoitawo basa mukutungamirira tarisiro dzavatengi, asi izvi ndezvokuzvidira uye hazvitsigiri zvakananga nomutemo wehurumende (panze pokuisa chiratidzo chemakemiitiro emhuka, chinodzorwa zvakasimba).

Nguva Yemberi Yokunyora Mutemo Wezvokudya

Sezvo sayenzi yezvokudya inochinja uye kufambira mberi kworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, gadziriro dzemitemo dzinofanira kuchinjira kupedza zvinetso zvitsva nemikana.

Kunyora Zvokudya Zvinogadzirwa Nemakemikari (GMO)

Muna January 2022, U.S. [[FL:0] National Biographive Displased Food Dislosure Standard yakatanga kushanda zvizere, ichida kuti zvokudya zvine majini anoonekwa kubva kumichina inogadzira zvinhu zvinonyorwa ne “BE” chiratidzo, chiratidzo, kana kuti mubatanidzwa wemakombiyuta kana kuti wemichina yemagetsi (QR). Mutemo unotsiva basa rekare rehurumende, asi vatsoropodzi vanoramba kuti uchenjeri hwokushandisa zvinyorwa zve QR zvinowana zvisaririra zvakaderera zvinowana pasina mafoni. EURO inochengeta chiratidzo chikwaniso chisingachinjiki, necherekedzo, nepo nyika dzakafanana neIndia neAustralia dzinorairawo GMO chinyorwa chenguva yemberi.

Zviratidzo Zvemagetsi uye Zvekungwara

Unyanzvi hwekubatanidza hwakadai semacode akadai seQR, RFID, uye breatchain hunogonesa kuvanzwa kwamashoko akawanda zvikuru kupfuura anokwana pasuru inoonekwa. Vamwe vaiti vemitemo vari kunzvera pfungwa ye “mazita okubatanidza” umo mashoko okudzoserazve (kunyorwa kwemirayiridzo, mapepa enziyo dzinotsigira mirayiridzo) anowanika kupfurikidza nescan yemafoni, inoderedza zvinhu zvisina mativi. Zvisinei, funga pamusoro pemipimo yemichina nokudikanwa kwokuva norusununguko. Muitiro weEurope ye “Famicrom kuFork” wakarangarira kubvumira matura ezvokudya zvemichina nokuda kwezvimwe zvinhu, asi sewedzero yezvokunyora zvinoshanda.

Kuchinja Kwezvokudya Nemashoko Omunhu Oga

Nokumuka kwokuongorora majini zvakananga kuenda kumunhu kumunhu, maapps outano anofambiswa neserura, kune fariro iri kukura muzvinyorwa zvezvokudya zvinovakwa nomunhu. Mutemo ungada kuti pakupedzisira mapepa ezvokudya awirirane nezviteshi zvemichina zvinoratidza kurumbidza kwakarongwa kwakavakirwa pamugariro woutano womunhu, kusawirirana, kana kuti majini. Mutemo wakadaro ungamutsa mibvunzo yakaoma pamusoro pokuva woga, equity, uye FDA kana kuti EFSA inotarisirwa zvinotaura zvoutano hwemage.

Kuchengetedza Nezvinotaurwa Nezvakatipoteredza

Somuenzaniso, vatengesi vanowedzera kukumbira mashoko pamusoro pesimba rezvakatipoteredza zvezvokudya, zvakadai sekabhoni yetsoka, kushandiswa kwemvura. Dzimwe hurumende dzakatanga kudzora “mabhii eco.” Somuenzaniso, France yakarayira kuti makambani ezvokudya azivise kuti zvinhu zvakagara zvakati kuti zvakati kuti zvakati shambirirei zvishandei zvinoramba zvichinetsa, uye zvinonyengera mamiriro ezvinhu eEUNIO (ECO system). Kukarakadza kwe “PUNICET Environmental Footprint” (PEF) kungagona kuva chinodikanwa chezvigadzirwa zvose, kubatanidza zvokudya. Zvisinei, kukura kwemitengo inosiana nesayenzi yesayenzi yezvakati zvinogara zviripo zvinoramba zvichinetsa, uye zvinotsausa zvenhema zvemhoteredzo yakapararira. Kudzika mutemo kwamasimba pamutemo kuchava kunokosha.

Simba Romutemo Nepesvedzero Yaro Pamiuyo Youtano Hwavose

Pakupedzisira, mutyairi wokutanga wemitemo inopa chiratidzo chezvokudya uye zvokudya zvinovaka muviri kuvandudzwa kwoutano hwevanhu vose. Zvokudya zvinoparirwa nezvirwere zvisingatapukiri. Zvinosanganisira kufutisa, rudzi 2 rweshuga, hosha yemwoyo, uye mamwe kenza (imwe inokonzera rufu munyika yose). Matanho egrastive anogona kubetsera kudzora kutsveyama.

Nzvero dzakaratidza kuti nyevero dzapamutemo dzepapu yepamberi muChile dzakatungamirira kukuderera kukuru mukutengwa kwezvinwiwa zvine shuga nezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa neshuga zvakawanda. MuUK, mutero weshuga nokuderedza nokuzvidira, zvikabatanidzwa nokuisa chiratidzo chakajeka, zvakaparira kuderedzwa kwe 10% kweshuga inodyiwa nezvinwiwa zvinodziyisa. MuUnited States, chinodikanwa chokuronga kuwedzerwa shuga pagiramu reNitty Facts chakasunda vamwe vagadzirisitiri kuvandudza zvinhu kuti zvive neshuga.

Mitemo inoshanda zvakanaka inofanira kuperekedzwa nedzidzo yevoruzhinji, kuvimbisana kuvatengi, uye kuedza kugadzirisa magwenga ezvokudya uye kusagadzikana kwezvemari.

Mumhedziso, simba romutemo isimba guru rinoumba rutivi rwuri rwose rwechiratidzo chezvokudya nemirairo yezvokudya. Kubva mukurondedzera chinoumba “simba” chinotaura kuti chinopa nyevero pazvinhu zvakakwirira, mitemo inoshandura sayenzi yezvokudya mumashoko anoshanda. Nepo rwisano nedenho dzinopfuurira, kombamiro iri kukuita kumifungo yakawanda, inoisa pachena, uye inotsinhirana mirau inoisa utano hwavanhu vose. Vagadziri vemaindasitiri, vatengi vemitengi vemitengo, uye vatengi vanofanira kupfuurira kupinda mumuitiro wemitemo yemitemo yemitemo kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti matura ezvokudya anobatira donzo ravo guru: vanopa vanhu simba rokuita zvisarudzo zvinotsigira kusano kwavo.