Kurondedzera Simba reHurumende

Simba rehurumende, pamavambo aro, rinonongedzera kuchiremera chapamutemo chokuita, kumanikidza, uye kuzivisa mitemo nokuda kwevagari vemo mukati mendima yakarondedzerwa. Ichi chiremera hachisi chigaro chimwe chete; chinotorwa munhepfenyuro yakasiana- siyana yamanyuko anosiana mumiitiro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu, manyuko makuru anobatanidza kubvumira kunyorwa kana kuti kusanyorwa kwemitemo inodzora, mitumbi yemitemo inogadza mitemo, masangano ehurumende anoshandisa mitemo, uye masangano ehurumende anozvimirira anodudzira mutemo uye makakatanwa. Pakupedzisira, manyuko makurusa enheyo ibvumirano ndeevoruzhinji ibvumirano yavose yavose yehurumende yokuziva maruramiro omutemo, kazhinji inotaurwa nokuvhotaro nokutora nokutora voruzhinji. Pasi pokubvumira simba iri, rinogona kukurumidza kubvisa simba kupinda mukumanikidza vanhu kupinda munzanga.

Simba rehurumende rinooneka pamitevedzano mizhinji: nzvimbo, nharaunda, kana kuti nharaunda, uye nyika. Nhevedzano imwe neimwe ine mitoro yakasiana, kuvambira pakuvaka nokushandisa nyika kusvikira kumiitiro yokumwe. Kuparadzirwa kwesimba pakati peiyi mwero. Kunozivikanwa sehurumende munyika dzakawanda. Somuenzaniso, apo hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzine chiremera chikuru pamusoro pezvikoro nenzvimbo, vagari vemo vane mikana yakananga zvikuru yokupesvedzera miuyo inotapura upenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva. Mukupesana, gadziriro dzakatanhamara zvikuru dzingaparira pfungwa yedaro pakati pomunhu nehurumende, zvichideredza kubetsera kunozivikanwa kwehurumende. Kunzwisisa uku kushambadzira uku kunotsoropodza nokuda kwokunzwisisa simba uye uko vagari vemo vanogona kutungamirira nenzira inobudirira zvikurusa nhamburiko dzavo.

Kunzwisisa Mutoro Wechiviri

Mitoro yeCobic inobatanidza mabasa, misengwa, uye yokuzvidira izvo zvinotsigira nzanga yakanaka, inosarudzwa navanhu. iyi mitoro inopfuura kungoteerera bedzi mutemo; inobatanidza kutora rutivi kwokushingaira munzvimbo yavose kuva nechokwadi chokuti simba rehurumende rinoramba richizvidavirira uye richigamuchira. Mabasa makuru anobatanidza:

  • Kuvhota musarudzo pamwero yose yehurumende, iyo inoramba iri mutoo wakananga zvikurusa wokuti vagari vemo vapesvedzere muitiro noutungamiriri.
  • Kugara wakaziviswa [ pamusoro penhau dzezvamatongerwe enyika, mutemo wakakarakadzwa, uye zviito zvavakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa kupfurikidza namanyuko akavimbika nezvinobudisa nhau zvakazvimirira.
  • Kugovera basa renzanga nebasa risingabetseri kutarisira zvinodikanwa zvomunzvimbomo ndokuvaka dzimbahwe renzanga.
  • Kutsigira ruramisiro yenzanga](kubatanidza nhau dzakafanana namaruramiro akaenzana, dziviriro yemhoteredzo, uye ruramisiro yemari) kupfurikidza nokuramba kune rugare, kunyorera vamiriri, kana kuti kukumbanira mapoka evamiririri.
  • Kubatira pamajaji painodanwa, uko kuri zvose zviri zviviri musengwa wapamutemo nebwe rekona retsika yeruramisiro.

Zviito izvi zvinobatsira kuchinja pfungwa isingaoneki yokuva mugari wemo kuva simba rinooneka. Kana vagari vemo vakaita mabasa avo, havangoendi kuongorora simba rehurumende chete asiwo vanoriita kuti rive repamutemo.

Kupindirana Pakati Pesimba reHurumende Nemutoro Wechibvumirano

Ukama Hukuru

Ukama pakati pesimba rehurumende nomutoro wehurumende hunopa tsinhirano huru. Kudzora kunobudirira kunokurudzira kuvimbisana kwevagari vemo, uye kuvimbisana kukuru kwevagari vemo kunozvidavirira kuhurumende. Rangarira muenzaniso wemisangano ye yehoro yeguta. Kana hurumende ichiita kuti zvirongwa zvenguva dzose, zvinosvikwa nokuda kwokubvuma, zvinoratidza kuti zvinobatanidzwa zvinokosheswa. Izvi zvinokurudzira vagari vemo kuti vagare vachiziva uye vatsigire. Nenzira yakapesana, apo hurumende inenge isingafariri kana kuti kupesana, kusakendenga kunowanzotevera.

Tsika Dzinobatanidzwa Mune Zvokuberekana

Hurumende dzinogona kuumba nokushingaira mutoro wehurumende kupfurikidza nezvisarudzo zvemiitiro. Somuenzaniso, kuraira dzidzo yeChivoifini muzvikoro zvavose]. Kufukidza kwete bedzi vakambani vehurumende asiwo nhau yemasangano ehurumende uye ukoshi hwokutora rutivi nokushandisa. Zviitwe, [[FLT:] zvinovhura majekiseni okuvhota [[FLT], kuvhota, uye maposi zvinoderedza miganhu yokutora ndokutumira shoko iro kuvhotera kunokarirwa. Parutivi rwokuoneka kwenhau, [FFL:] na[FFFF]

Misangano Yemakwenzi Nesimba Resangano

Mutambo unoonekawo mukumuka kwe masangano anoratidza kuti mutoro wehurumende hausi kungovawo zvawo mubato wemabasa asi simba rinoshanda rinogona kumanikidza hurumende kuchinja. Kana mikoto yesangano ikundikana kushayisa uori, kana kuti kuunganidza kwehurumende kunova chishandiso chinokosha chokuchengeta kuzvidavirira kwehurumende. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti simba rehurumende harisi iro risingambovi rakakwana; rinogarororororororororororororororororo ringamanikidza hurumende kuti dzichinje. Kana mikoto yesangano ikundikana kushata ushati, jatize, kana kuti chirongwa chehurumende chinodzorwa chichava chishandiso chinokosha chokuzvidavirira.

Kuongorora Nhoroondo Nemhosva Dzazvino Uno

Atene Yekare Nenzvimbo Dzinotangira Kushanda Zvirongo

Murangariro womutoro wehurumende unovambira shure kunenge kuAtene yakare, uko vagari vemo vaikarirwa kutora rutivi zvakananga mugungano, vanobatira pamatare anobetsera vatongi, uye vanoshanda munzvimbo yavose. Wezvenhau wechiGiriki Thucydides akanyora Pericles's Diesphore Oration, umo mutungamiriri weAtene akazivisa kuti "ti munhu asingafariri mune zvamatongerwe enyika munhu anofunga nezvebhizimisi rake amene; tinotaura kuti haana bhizimisi pano zvachose." Uyu murangariro (h) ndiko kukundikana kwougariki hwenzvimbo yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende (8) yakadzokororwa kupfurikidza namazana amakore erondedzero yedemocracy.

Mienzaniso Yazvino Uno: Kusarudza uye Kudzorera

Muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzenguva imwe chete, mutambo unoonekwa mukusarudza kwakakwirira uye mahendero. Somuenzaniso, 2016 Colombian targendum inoongorora rugare, yakakumbira vagari vemo kutendera kana kuti kuramba rugare rwenhau kubata navapanduki veFARC, akaona muvhoki avhotera 37% bedzi, uye "No" yakakunda. Vaongorori vazhinji vakapikisa kuti kuderera nokushaiwa nzwisiso yehurumende pamusoro pekuvapo kwechiito chacho kwakasekesa kururama kwemigumisiro. Mukupesana, 2018 anonongedzera kukodzero dzokubvisa mimba muIreland, uye "No" yakahwinangurwa na 64%, yakasundwa nenhimbe dzeuswa nedzidzo huru. Mugumisiro wacho wakagamuchirwa zvikuru seratidzirwa zvakanaka semienzaniso yakakurumbira yokuvapo kwezvoutano.

Authoritarianism neHybrid Regimes

Ukama hunova nounhu hwakasiana muhurumende dzinodzvinyirira kana kuti dzemhiko, umo simba rehurumende rakaterama uye rehurumende rinowanzodzvinyirirwa kana kuti kuiswa mungozi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, vagari vemo vangatarisana nezvirango zvokuvhota, kunyunyuta, kana kuti kunyange kutsvaka mashoko. Kunyange mudzvinyiriro, mutoro wehurumende unogona kubuda muzvimiro zvamanomano: mapepanhau apasi pevhu, kudzivisa kwakanyarara, kana kuti kuronga kwenzanga. Kumukira kweArab Spring kwa2011 kwakaratidzira kuti kuputsika kwemutoro wehurumende kupfurikidza nokutsamwa uye kushaiwa kuzvidavirira kwepfupi. Migumisiro yakavhenganiswa yemhijeko iyoyo inogona kuonekawo kuti kwakaoma sei kutsigira kubatanidzwa kwehurumende apo simba rehurumende rinenge rakatsunga kuuputsa.

Matambudziko Muukama Hwacho

Kusakendenga Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Nokuodzwa Mwoyo

Denho yakapararira zvikurusa ndiro kusakendenga kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Apo vanhu vanorangarira kuti vhoti yavo haina basa, kuti vose vari vaviri vakashata, kana kuti hurumende iri kure zvikuru zvokusagona kuchinja, vanorega. Uku kusakendenga kazhinji kazhinji kunofungwa nomurangariro womunhu oga / mutengo wokuramba uchiziva nokuvhota kunogona kuratidzika kuva wakakwirira zvikuru kukuvadziko inofungidzirwa. Asi kusakendenga kunoparira nharaunda iyoyo, mumitengo, uye maatomukiro zvose zvinoda kuzadzika. Musayendisiti wezvamatongerwe enyika weShona enyika Larryryryryry akanyevera kuti "Kuderera kwemariro yedemocratic" muzana ramakore rechi21 kunogona kubviswa chose chose chose nokuchinja vagari vemoga vanobva mugadziriro yehurumende.

Uori Nokushandisa Simba Zvisina Kufanira

Uori hunokanganisa zvakananga kuchengeteka kunotsigira mutoro wehurumende. Apo vagari vemo vanoona vakuru vakuru vachipfumisa kana kuti vachiboora mitemo nokuda kweshamwari navapi, vanova vanonyomba pamusoro pokutora rutivi. Chisakiso chinogonawo kunetesa masangano: mapurisa anogamuchira chiokomuhomwe, matare anogamuchira vane simba, kana kuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanoparira kuti zvose zvinoguma nokudavira kuti simba rehurumende nderepamutemo. Munyika dzakafanana neBrazil, zvisakiso zvikuru zvakadai seMubato Carrash zvakatungamirira kuzvose zviri zviviri kutsutsutsumwa uye, tsvinyidzo, kuderera kuvimba mumiitiro yose yezvamatongerwe enyika kukuita kwakaoma kuvakazve migariro yavose yehurumende.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvokuitawo Basa

Miganhu yegadziriro yakadai se [ mitemo yemavhiri inotapura zvikuru vanhu vashoma, inoderedza simba rokuvhota, kana kuti [[FLT]] maawa okuvhota [[[FLT:]] munharaunda dzakaderera, [=5] mumiganhu yakaderera, [5] vagari vemo vazhinji kuti vazadzike mabasa avo avagari vemo. Mune dzimwe nyika, kudzorwa kwechipa. kwakarongwa. Mune dzimwe, idivi rebhuroro yebhuroro yebhuromuromuronze kana kuti kudzorwa kwezvirongwa.

Kushatirwa Kwemashoko uye Mashoko Akawandisa

Mbango yazvino uno yamashoko inopa denho yechienzi. DISIP] Pixformation [ichi chikamu chinonyengera kana kuti chinotsausa chinotaurwa kuti chiri muuyo wezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti wemari (inogona kubvisa mutoro wehurumende kupfurikidza nokuita kuti kuve kusingabviri vagari vemo kubvumirani namaidi makuru. Kana vanhu vasingagoni kuvimba namanyuko makuru kana kuti zvinobudisa nhau zvikuru, vangapinda mukamuri dzinosimbisa mirangariro yakarongwa. Uku kuderedza kunzwisisa kwakagoveranwa kunodikanwa nokuda kwekurukurirano yavose yakanaka. Hurumende inoedza kurwisa kurwisana namashoko akaisvonaka: chiito chiduku chinobvumira nhema kukura; ruoko rune simba zvikuru rwunogona kushandiswa kudzivisa kusabvumirana nemitemo.

Kusimudzira Ukama Hune Utano Hwakanaka

Kusimbisa Dzidzo Yemibatanidzwa

Kuwedzera dzidzo yebic [FLT]] ndiimwe yemichina ine simba zvikurusa inowanika. Ikoku kunofanira kupfuura rondedzero dzinoshandiswa dzenzira iyo muromo unova nayo mutemo. Purogiramu dzinoshanda dzinodzidzisa vadzidzi pamusoro pe [ kunyora mashoko okunyora [[FLT:]]. []].Ndengei kuyera manyuko, kuziva tsve, uye nzvimbo dzinobvisa paidzo, zvakanaka senhau dzemasangano, vagadziri vemibato, uye ukoshingamira mibato yomunzvimbomo. Zviito zvokushoorera, zvirongwa zvemiitiro zvemiitiro, zvirongwa zvenzanga zvinogona kuchinja ruzivo rwezvinhu. Sa [FFF:4] CED [FFFFF]

Kuwedzera Mikoto

Hurumende dzinofanira kugadzira nzira dzakawanda, dzinosvikika dzokutora rutivi. Ikoku kunobatanidza kwete bedzi nhambo dzekuvhota asiwo yapachena [ pamirau inokarakadzwa, shaoricha bhajeti yemari[ apo vagari vanosarudza kugovera chikamu chemari yavose, uye [[FLT] mabhodhikiti ezvirongwa panhau dzakafanana nepotoliti, dzidzo, uye muitiro wemhoteredzo. gadziriro yeEstonia yetsonga inobvumira vagari kuvhotera panzvimbo dzapa kombiyuta, mapepa okuwana, uye mitero nemitero yakaderera. Zvisinei, matururo ezvishandiro anoitwa kudzoroteswa mundangariro dzinodzokororoteswa nekombiyuta kana kuti dzishandukire kumite.

Kuvaka Kujeka Nokuzvidavirira

Apo vagari vemo vanogona kuona zviri kuita hurumende yavo, sezvingabvira zvikuru vanoivimba ndokutora rutivi. vhura nhano dzehurumende . [inokurudzira varoyi kushuma mashoko emari, mavhoti, mavhoti ehurumende, uye basa resangano (masangano ehurumende) anotarira mapoka ehurumende nevanyori venhau. [[FLT:]] [[FLT]]] dziviriro dzemazati [[FLT]] .[FLT] .FFF:]

Kukurudzira Kuita Zvizvidira

Mutoro weCovic hausati uchingova bedzi pamusoro pemipiro yemipiro yemibayiro nezvamatongerwe enyika; unobatanidzawo chivolunteeris, kuronga nzanga, uye basa. Hurumende dzinogona kukurudzira ikoku kupfurikidza nokuripira kupfurikidza nokushandisa gadziriro dzebasa renyika dzakadai seAmericorps, kugovera sundo dzemitero yemitero yemipiro yorupo, uye kuziva vazvipiri vakatanhamara. Masangano erudzidziso nenzanga anowanzoita basa guru mukuunganidza vazvipiri, uye kushanda pamwe chete pakati pehurumende namapoka aya kunogona kuwedzera simba razvo. Apo vagari vemo vanoona kuti nhamburiko dzavo (hwnly neat - rekuchenesa paki, kurera vana, kana kuti kusimudzira kuziva pamusoro penhau youtano, miuyo inova inova inokura, pfungwa yavo yesangano rinokura, uye sezvingabvira zvikuru kupinda muzvimwe zvoupenyu.

mhedziso

Ukama pakati pesimba rehurumende nomutoro wehurumende hahusi dzikamo yakareruka asi ikurukurirano inopfuurira. Payakanakisisa, iyi batira pamwe inoparira migariro yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu iyo yose iri miuyo inokurira neinochinjika(kukwanisa kupedza zvinetso zvavanhu vose nepo ichiremekedza maruramiro avanhu. Apo inoputsika, muuyo wacho inzvimbo iri kure, isinganzwiri kana kuti nzanga umo kusakendenga kana kuti kusakendenga kukurira. Basa nokuda kwavose vari vaviri vagari navakuru kushandira pamwe chete kugona kusakurira migariro iyo ukama hunogona kukura: kufunda chizvarwa chinotevera, kubvisa mhinganidzo dzokutora rutivi, kusimbisa kujeka, uye kuchengeta mipiro yaavo vanokwira. Sezvidzo yezvamatongerwe enyika Robert. DV. Putma inoramba kutsigira vanhu. [FLT:] [FLT], utano hwehurumende dzinodzorekanwa nesimba rayo renzanga uye kufambirwa navanhu. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa mutoro wokushanda kwehurumende, hatigoni kuvimbisa vanhu, asi kuti tisimbise vanhu.

zvinowedzera kurava: Nokuda kwokunzvera kukurusa kweidzi misoro, ona Encyclopedia yesundo reFilosofi pademocracy[ uye Brooking Information yenzvero pamusoro pebvumirano yehurumende.]