Kuenzana kunomira seimwe yepfungwa dzinogara uye dzinopesana zvikuru mukutsvaka ruramisiro nerusununguko. Mumazana amakore nekondinendi, kudikanwa kwokuti munhu ari wose abatwa nechiremera chakaenzana, apiwa maruramiro mamwe chetewo, uye apiwa mikana mimwe cheteyo yakanyandura chinjo, kugadziridza mitemo, uye nzanga dzakashandurwa. Kunyange zvakadaro revo yokuenzana haisati iri yakare kana kuti iri yakapfava. Inobatanidza kuva nohuenzana hwepamutemo, kuva akaenzana kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kuvaenzana munzanga, uye kuva nomwero wemari kubatana nevamwe munzira dzakaoma kunzwisisa. Nokuda kwavadzidzi, vadzidzi, uye vagari vemo vakazvipira kunzanga yakarurama, kunzwisisa kukosha kwemigariro yavo hakungodi bedzi asi kunzvera miganhuro inoramba iripo uye unyanzvi hunogona kuvakurira. Nyaya inoongorora basa rakawanda rokutsvaka kuenzana, mapepa anobatsira, uye kutsanangura zvinhu zvinonetsa.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwenhau Yokuenzana

Pfungwa yokuti vanhu vose vakaenzana haina kuumbwa zvizere. Yakatanga kupfurikidza nekurukurirano youzivi, kuchinja rudzidziso, uye kurwisana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwamazana amakore akawanda. Nzanga dzekare dzakanga dziri dzakatanhamara, dzine zvimiro zvakasiana zvakasiana - siana uye ruramiso nokuda kwouranda nokudzorwa. Zvisinei, mbeu dzemufungo wakaenzana dzinogona kuwanwa muuzivi hwechiStoiki, uhwo hwakatsigira nokuda kwechisakiso chavanhu chapose pose, uye mumagamuchidzanwa akati orudzidziso ayo aisimbisa kuva akaenzana kwemweya pamberi paMwari.

Kujekeswa Nekodzero Dzevanhu

Murangariro wazvino uno wekuenzana wakajekeswa mukati meNjereso muzana ramakore rechi17 nerechi18. Vazivi vakadai se John Locke uye Jean-Jacques Rousseau[[ akarondedzera nheyo yekodzero dzomusikirwo] kuvanhu vose nezvakanaka zvevanhu. Pfungwa idzi dzakachinja zvakananga kuti hapana munhu ane chiremera chomuzvarirwo pane mumwe, kubviswa kukuru kwoumwari paukuru hwezvienzaniso zvakaenzana.

Kuzivisa Kwemhindumupindu Neganhuriro Dzakwo

American Declaration of Independence (1776) yakataura nenzira yakakurumbira kuti "varume vose vakasikwa vakaenzana" uye vakapiwa maruramiro asingatsaurwi ku "Upenyu, Rusununguko nokurondwa kwoMufarwa". French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1789) yakazivisa zvakafanana kuti "varume vanoberekwa uye vanoramba vakasununguka uye vakaenzana mukodzero. Manyoro aya akanga achishandurwa, bviro yavo yakakurumidza kunzi: vakadzi, vapinzwa muuranda muAfrica, uye varume vasina zvinhu vaiziviswa zvikuru. Kupesana pakati pekuenzana nokusaenzana kwamazana amakore kwaidzorwa nekusaenzana kwavakadzi.

Kufamba Kwenguva Refu Kuchienda Kunzvimbo Yose

Kufutunurwa kwedanho rokuvhota inhau huru munhau yokuenzana. New Zealand yakava nyika yokutanga kuzvipinza imene kuti ipe vakadzi vhoti muna 1893, yakatevera Finland muna 1906. MuUnited States, 15th Amendment (1870) yakarambidza rusaruro rwedzinza mukuvhota, asi Jim Crow akabvisa nenzira inobudirira mitemo yeBlack America kwerine muzana ramakore. Rovetion Rights Act ya1965 yakanga iri budiriro yetsika yeChibvumirano cheChibvumirano chePolitiki, bva hondo dzinopfuurira pamusoro pemitemo yeID negerrydering inoratidzira kuti kurwa kwebato rimwe rezvamatongerwe enyika kunopfuurira kunopfuurira. Zvisinei, kwakajeka zvakajeka: Chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chakakudziridza chikamu chaavo vanorangarirwa pasi pomutemo, kunyange sezvo kudzokera shure nokuramba kudzorwa.

Kuenzana Mumabasa Emitemo Nemasangano

Masangano azvino uno akaisa nheyo yokuenzana mumitemo, mirau, uye zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose. izvi zvirongwa zvapamutemo zvinogovera zvose zviri zviviri mupimo wakarongwa negadziriro yemipimo yemipimo apo wirirano inoputswa. Kunzwisisa izvi zvishandiso kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anobatanidzwa muudzori, dzidzo, kana kuti muitiro.

Mutemo Wekodzero Dzevanhu Wenyika Yose

Chiziviso chisiri chekodzero dzevanhu. Iyi nheyo inotsanangurwa musungano dzinotevera: (1948), yakagamuchirwa neUnited Nations General Assembly, irugwaro rwakavakirwa pamutemo wekodzero dzevanhu wazvino uno. Chikamu 1 chinozivisa: "Vanhu vose vanoberekwa vakasununguka uye vakaenzana muchiremera nekodzero. Iyi nheyo inoumbwa musungano dzinotevera: [[FLT:] Convention on Civilic and Politic Rights uye bvumirano yenyika dzose pamusoro pezvemari, yemagariro nedzero yetsika [[FLD][FLD] [FF]] (mose 1966]). Pamwe chete, vanoumba Bill yekodzero dzavanhu. HUDR, nepozvisingatongeri pamutemo, yakafurira bvumirano zvamasimba pamutemo. [IF]

Mitemo Inovimbisa Kudzivirirwa Kwakaenzana

Mabumbiro enyika akawanda anobatanidza kuenzana kwakananga. MuUnited States, Firmendement (168) anovimbisa kuti hapana hurumende icha "nyika musimba rayo inodzivirira mitemo yakaenzana. Iyi ndima yave iri hwaro hwezvisarudzo zvedare gurusa zvinovambira pa [FLT:] Brown v. Tsima reDzidzidzo (1954), iro rinogumisa kudzivirira kwedzinza muzvikoro zvavose, ku [FLT:] Ogberge. v. Hodges [FLD:5] [20], rinozivikanwa neratiox], rinova rinotendwawo nokudzivirira kwakaenzana, rinoonekwa na LTB, uye rinonanwanwanwanwa murusaitiro.[5]

Kurambidza Kutonga

Kupfuura gadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo, nyika dzakawanda dzakaita mitemo inorambidza rusaruro mumashoko akapoteredza. Civil Rights Act ya1944 muUnited States yakadzivisa rusaruro rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, mavambo evatano, kana kuti mavambo enyika mumabasa, pokugara kwavose, uye mapurogiramu anotsigirwa nehurumende. asingaenzaniswi [Act] 2010 muUnited Kingdom yakasimbiswa ndokusimbiswa mutemo wapakuvamba, kuvamba gadziriro yakabatana inodzivirira rusaruro pahwaro rwezera, urema, vatano, roorano, uye kubatana kwevagari vemo, mimba, kana kuti vatano, rudzidziso, kana kuti vatano. Miteko yevatano inovapo muUnited States, uye mamwe masangano apamutemo okutonga vanhu kupfurikidza nematare emitemo.

Basa Redzidzo Mukukudziridza Kuenzana

Zvikoro nemayunivhesiti zvinogona kupfuudzira ropafadzo kana kuti kushanda nesimba kuti zviwedzere basa rokuita kuti vanhu vakwanise kutamba.

Kufunga Nokungwarira

Kubatanidza nhau yekodzero dzavagari vemo, masangano enzanga, uye hwaro hwouzivi hwokuenzana muzvidzidzo zvinobetsera vadzidzi kunzwisisa rwisano dzakaumba nguva yazvino. Kudzidzisa pamusoro penhamba dzakafanana Freddeck Douglas[, Sojour Truth [[[FLT]] Truth], [[[FLT]]] Sofyr Z [[FLT]], [[FLT]] Mafzai [FLT], [[FLT], [act], [act6] na [mar] , [FLT] [mar] [inzwirosarosaro yemifungo yemifungo [[FFLT] [F]] [FF]] [FT] [9] [9]] [9] [9] [9]] inogoveraativerogitysssswokuwedzera kuwedzera kujeka, mamwe anotoose, [[Fo

Kuwana Dzidzo Yakakwana

Pasinei zvapo nefambiro mberi yenyika yose, kusawirirana mudzidzo kunoramba kuri kukuru. Maererano neUNESCO, vana navechiduku vanopfuura 250 mamirioni vari kunze kwechikoro munyika yose, uye mamwe mamiriyoni vanopinda pasi pezvikoro zvakagadziriswa. Vasikana, vana vakaremara, vanhu vashoma, uye avo vanogara muurombo vanotarisana nemipini inopesana zvikurusa. Kuvhara aya maburi anoda kutengwa, kukura kwematanho, uye masangano anoparira basa rakadai sebasa ravana, roorano yapakuvamba, uye kusawirirana. Mitengo yakadai se Hattlew Sound [ uye [FLT:][FLT][3]

Kutsvaka Mhoteredzo Yechikoro Chizere

Kunyange uko kusvika kuripo, kusaenzana kunogona kuoneka mutsika dzechikoro. Kudheerera, kutora mativi ose kunogona kuparadzanisa vadzidzi mumapoka akachekererwa. Zvikoro zvinogamuchira miitiro yeruramisiro yokudzorerazve, inopesana neractic preads, uye miitiro inosimbisa LGBTQ+ vadzidzi vanogadzira mhoteredzo apo vadzidzi vose vanogona kubudirira. Rovedzo yomudzidzisi inotsoropodza: vadzidzi vanonzwisisa simba reropafadzo nedzvinyiriro vashongedzerwa zviri nani kudenha kusasarura mumakirasi avo. [[FLT: 0] namamwe masangano eEduralication Association

Zvinetso Zvinoramba Zvichinetsa Kukuenzana

Pasinei zvapo negadziriro dzapamutemo nenhamburiko dzedzidzo, kusaenzana kukuru kunotsungirira.Kubvuma idzi denho hakusati kuri kubvuma kundikano asi nhano iri madikanwa yokuita chiito chinobudirira zvikuru.

Rusaruraganda Rwegadziriro uye Kusaenzana Kwegadziriro

Urudzi hwemitemo hunonongedzera kunzira umo kusaenzana kwedzinza kuri mumibato yenguva dzose yamasangano(hwuri, tarisiro youtano, ruramisiro youtsotsi, dzidzo, uye basa. MuUnited States, Black neIniversy vanotarisana nemwero yakakwirira zvikuru yeurombo, kusungwa, uye masimba masimba amapurisa. Mukaha wepfuma uri kuvhunduka: mhuri yavachena inobata kanenge kasere pfuma yeimba yemunyungungungu, muganhu wakabva mumazana amakore ouranda, redlining, uye kuroja. Nenzira yakafanana, munyika zhinji dzeEurope, Roma nenzanga dzevakumwe nyika dzinowana rusaruro rwakasimba. Rusarura dzinza rwenyika yezvisarusoko; runoda kuchinjwa kwakadaro semitemo yokuzvikamu zvenyika, kudina mari yedzimba dzedzimba, uye kugoveranisa mari.

Kusiyana Kwenzvimbo Nenzvimbo

Kusaenzana kwemitengo yegore napanyika yose kunopfuurira, kunyange munyika dzine dziviriro dzapamutemo dzakasimba. Vakadzi vachiri kuwana mari shoma kupfuura varume nokuda kwebasa rakafanana nerokuti ripiwe musiyano wevatano yenyika yose unofungidzirwa panenge pa20%. Vakadzi vanopinzwa muutungamiriri hwezvamatongerwe enyika namasangano, uye vane mugove mukuru webasa rokutarisira risingabhadharwi. Uyezve, zvinoitika zvavakadzi zvinosiana pahwakaro hwedzinza, dzinza, vatano, uye urema. Murangariro we kuisapaturo , unopindwa nenyanzvi yepamutemo Kimberlé Crenshaw, unosimbisa kuti zvimiro zvakasiana zvechienzi. Somuenzaniso, vakadzi vanosida kutarisana nerusarura dzinza nevatano zvisingagoni kunzwisiswa namapoka ose. Chipomuchino chinofanira kugamuchirwa chose kuti chive chipfuure.

Kusaenzana Kwemari Nemisiyano Yemikana

Kusaenzana kwezvemari kwakwira zvikuru munyika kubvira kuma1980. Maererano neOxfam, 1% yakapfuma zvikurusa yavagari venyika yose ine pfuma inopfuura nekaviri mabhiriyoni 6.9 avanhu. Uku kuwanda kwepfuma kunochinja kuva kusvika kusina kuenzana kudzidzo yakanaka, dzidzo, utano, dzimba, uye pesvedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika. Nhenda yeCHOVID-19 yakabatanidza izvi, navashandi vakaderera, vakadzi, uye vanhu vane ruvara runotakura kurasikirwa nebasa neutano. Mitero inofambira mberi, mitero yemagariro yenzanga, uye mitero inogara vanhu zviri pakati pezvishandiso zvingaderedza kusaenzana kwemari. [[FLT:] World Squastism Report [FFF1]

Zvirongwa Zvokuwedzera Kuenzana

Kutarisana nokusaenzana kunoda kushanda pamwero yakawanda yakabatana — kubva pakudzora kwomunhu mumwe nomumwe kusvika kumasangano enyika yose.

Makwaya Anokura uye Kuumba Gadziriro Dzenzanga

Nhau inoratidzira kuti chinjo yokushandura inowanzovamba pamitemo yeUnions. Chivil Rights Movement muUnited States, kurwisana kwerwisano inorwisana neaparati muSouth Africa, uye kufamba kwavakadzi kwose kwakasundwa navanhuwo zvavo vakaronga munzanga dzavo. Masangano azvino uno akadai se Black Lives Conquence [ na# Me Too akashandisa zvinobudisa mashoko nemubato. MaGrasroot anogona kuvaka simba kupfurikidza nerokodha, zvibvumikiso zvapachena, uye zviito zvakananga.

Kuchinja Kwemitemo uye Kuita Zvakabvumirwa neMutemo

Mitemo inogona kuva zvose zviri zviviri chisakiso chekusaenzana nemushonga. Nhevedzo yemitemo. Kuunza mhaka dzekuedza kudare(*) yave iri chishandiso chinokosha chokufambira mberi. Nhau dzepasi dzinoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu akadai se rown v. Dare reDzidzidzo uye Living v. Virginia[[FLT]]][[FLT]]]][[FLT]]] [[[[FLT]]]] [ave] [] [ku] (kuderedza kurambidzwa muchato) anoratidza simba rematare rokubvisa zvivako zvinoparwa. Panguva imwe cheteyo, chinjo yakakomba inokosha: kukwira mari shoma, kukura, kusimbisa kubvisa mhuri, uye kusimbisa mitemo inopesana. Polickiadition inoda kunzvera, kubatana noumbidza pamutemo.

Ruzivo Nemirayiridzo Yemashoko

Maturusi emagetsi anopa nzira itsva dzokuziva nadzo kusaenzana kwemazita. Kuda kubudisa mamiriro enhau anogona kuratidza kusawirirana mugadziriro dzezvirongwa, kukweretesa, kurovha, uye kurapa kungasazivikanwa. Somuenzaniso, Optuny Atlas[ mepu dzemari yezvoupfumi nenharaunda, kubetsera vagadziri vemitemo yokutengi vemari kupfuudza mutengo. Majereta, zvisinei, anogonawo kusimudzira shati kana isina kugadzirwa zvakanaka. Munda unokura we unonzi artumistry actum yetsika [ unoedza kuva nechokwadi kuti gadziriro dzokudzidza dzenhau dzisingasarutsigiri rusaruro. Vashandisi vashandisi vemiteshi vanoshandisawo mashoko kunyora kodzero dzavanhu uye vatsigiriki kuti vawa nokuda kwokuoneka.

Kuzvidavirira Kwemasangano

Masangano makuru ane pesvedzero huru pamusoro pemiuyo yokuenzana. Vatengi, vatengi, uye vashandi vari kuraira nenzira inowedzera kuti makambani arangarire mibhadharo yedzinza neyomunhu nemunhu, anyorese vashandi vavo, uye agamuchire miitiro yetsika inowirirana. Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights inogovera gadziriro yebasa rebhizimisi. Nenzira yakafanana, mayunivhesiti, zvipatara, uye zvisakafanira zviri kukumbirwa kunzvera mitemo yavo vamene nemiitiro, kubva pakubvuma kubhadharwa kuti vawane mari. Kubatanidza masangano okuzvibatanidza mari, matare eChective, uye masangano anogona kubatsira kushandura kubva mukati.

Nguva Yemberi Yokuenzana Mururamisiro Nerusununguko

Kurondwa kwokuenzana hakutongogumi. Chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kushatisa ndokusimbisazve zvinodikanwa zvacho mumashoko acho akapoteredza enguva yacho chimene.

Kupindirana Kwenyika Yose uye Kubatana

Masangano okuenzana anowedzera kuwanda munyika. South South yakabudisa njodzi dzine simba dzemubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa wehurumende uye kusaenzana kwemari, nepo vatsigiri veruramisiro yemamiriro okunze vachibatanidza kushata kwemhoteredzo nokushandiswa kwemanyuko kusina kuenzana. Zvikuva zvinogonesa vanorwira mamiriro okunze munyika dzakasiyana- siyana kugoverana maitiro uye kutsigirana. Somuenzaniso, mamiriro okunze epwere anorovanyanya uye vakadzi vemarudzi ose vaMarch vakaratidzira bviro yetsikano mukuyambukano. Kudzidza kubva kumasangano akasiyana- siyana omunzvimbomo kunopfumisa nhamburiko uye kunovaka kurwisana nokusaenzana.

Kubatsirana Nokugadzirisa Zvigadzikiso Zvedzimba

Kusaenzana hachisi chinetso chimwe asi chinetso chenhau dzinowirirana. Naizvozvo mhinduro dzinoda mipiro inobva mumativi akawanda ezvemari, magariro avanhu, mutemo, utano hwevanhu vose, kuronga maguta, uye zvakawanda. Uko nyanzvi dzinoshandira pamwe nenzanga dzakakuvadzwa, dzinogona kuparira nzwisiso idzo dzose dziri dzose dzakaoma uye dzinoshanda. Somuenzaniso, kupindira kuderedza kurapa kunowanzobatanidza tsigiro yezveutano negadziriro dzedzimba, zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, uye kurovedza basa. Vagadziri vemitevedzeri vanowana nzvero yose yezvokusvika kwapasi pehurumende, vanobatira pamwe chete mumadhipatimendi, vangabudirira mukuderedza kusaenzana kwemitengo.

Kushata Kwetsika

Chitendero chikuru chechitendero netsika chine shanduro yeMutemo Wakanaka: kubata vamwe sezvaunoda kukuitira. Pachikamu chazvo, kudiwa kwokuenzana kunodiwa kuti munhu azivikanwe (jenano) kumanikidzwa kuti arege kuremekedzwa kana kuti asafanirwa nokuremekedzwa nemhaka yedzinza ravo, dzinza ravo, dzinza, mano, kana kuti zita ravo. Chiono ichocho chetsika chakakurudzira vanhu vasingaverengeki kuti vabate nyaradzwe, vachengeteke, uye kunyange upenyu mukurwisana kweruramisiro. Sezvatinotarisana nezvinetso zvezana ramakore rechi21 /cliti, kuchinja kwezvokugadzirwa kwezvokugadzirwa kwematongedzero, kubatana kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kuzvipira kuenzana. Chivako chinofanira kuva nechakanaka nechaungangofanira kuvakirwa panzvimbo ipi neipi.

Kuenzana hachisi chipo chinofanira kupiwa nekodzero ine simba asi yokunzi nevanhu.