Table of Contents
Understanding how laws are created is essential for citizens to engage effectively with their government. This guide explains the typical process involved in making laws at both state and national levels.
Proposal of a Law
The process begins when a member of the legislative body introduces a bill. This can be a senator, representative, or other elected official. The bill is then assigned a number and read for the first time.
Committee Review
Next, the bill is sent to a committee that specializes in the relevant area, such as education or health. The committee reviews, amends, and votes on whether to send the bill back to the full legislative chamber.
Legislative Voting
If the bill passes the committee, it proceeds to the floor of the legislative chamber for debate and voting. A simple majority is usually required for approval. The process is similar in both state legislatures and the national Congress.
Other Chamber and Final Approval
If the bill passes one chamber, it moves to the other chamber, where it undergoes a similar process. Both chambers must agree on the final version of the bill before it advances.
Executive Approval
Once both chambers approve the bill, it is sent to the executive leader—such as the governor or president—for approval. They can sign the bill into law or veto it. If vetoed, the legislative body may attempt to override the veto with a supermajority vote.