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The United States Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government responsible for making laws. It is composed of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Each chamber has distinct roles and responsibilities, working together to create legislation that affects the entire country.
The Senate
The Senate consists of 100 members, with two senators representing each state. Senators serve six-year terms, with elections staggered so that approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election every two years. The Senate’s responsibilities include ratifying treaties, confirming presidential appointments, and passing legislation.
The House of Representatives
The House of Representatives has 435 members, with the number from each state based on its population. Representatives serve two-year terms, and all seats are up for election every two years. The House initiates revenue bills and has the power to impeach federal officials.
How Laws Are Made
The legislative process begins with the introduction of a bill in either chamber. It then goes through committees for review and possible amendments. Both chambers must approve the bill in identical form before it is sent to the President for approval or veto.
- Bill introduction
- Committee review
- Chamber approval
- Presidential action