The Structure of State Courts: Who’s Who and What They Do

State courts are an essential part of the judicial system, handling a wide range of legal cases within their jurisdictions. Understanding the structure of these courts helps clarify how justice is administered at the state level.

Overview of State Court Systems

Most states have a tiered court system that includes trial courts, appellate courts, and a supreme court. Each level has specific functions and responsibilities.

Trial Courts

Trial courts are the first level of courts where cases are initially heard. They handle criminal cases, civil disputes, family law, and other legal matters. Judges in trial courts oversee proceedings, evaluate evidence, and issue rulings.

Appellate Courts

Appellate courts review decisions made by trial courts to ensure correct application of the law. They do not conduct new trials but focus on legal errors that may have occurred during the original proceedings.

State Supreme Court

The highest court in a state is the Supreme Court. It has the final authority on legal disputes within the state and often has discretionary power to choose which cases to hear. Its decisions set binding precedents for lower courts.

  • Trial Courts
  • Appellate Courts
  • State Supreme Court