Table of Contents
Understanding the differences between federal and state governments is important for citizens to know how laws and policies affect their daily lives. This guide provides a basic overview of each level of government and their roles.
Federal Government
The federal government is responsible for national issues that affect the entire country. It is based in Washington, D.C., and has powers granted by the U.S. Constitution. Its main functions include regulating interstate commerce, national defense, and foreign policy.
The federal government is divided into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. Congress, the legislative branch, makes laws. The President, part of the executive branch, enforces laws. The judicial branch interprets laws through the court system.
State Government
State governments manage issues within their own borders. Each state has its own constitution, legislature, governor, and court system. They handle matters such as education, transportation, and public safety.
States have the power to create laws that suit their residents’ needs, as long as they do not conflict with federal laws. This allows for regional differences in policies and regulations.
Key Differences
- Scope: Federal laws apply nationwide; state laws apply within individual states.
- Authority: Federal government has limited powers; states have broader powers in many areas.
- Lawmaking: Congress makes federal laws; state legislatures create state laws.
- Responsibilities: Federal handles national issues; states manage local concerns.