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Congress is the legislative branch of the United States government responsible for making laws. It consists of two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Understanding how Congress functions helps citizens engage with the political process and stay informed about national governance.
The Structure of Congress
The United States Congress is a bicameral body, meaning it has two separate chambers. The House of Representatives has 435 members, with representation based on each state’s population. The Senate has 100 members, with each state represented by two senators.
The Legislative Process
Legislation begins with a bill, which can be introduced by members of either chamber. The bill is then debated, amended, and voted on. If approved, it moves to the other chamber for consideration. Once both chambers agree on the bill, it is sent to the President for approval or veto.
The Role of Committees
Committees play a vital role in the legislative process. They review, amend, and shape proposed legislation. Major committees include those focused on finance, foreign relations, and judiciary. Committee hearings gather information and opinions from experts and the public.
How Congress Checks and Balances
Congress has the power to check the executive branch through oversight and investigations. It can also approve budgets and confirm presidential appointments. These powers ensure that no branch of government becomes too powerful.