What Happens When a Bill Goes to the Senate: a Step-by-step Guide

When a bill is introduced in the United States Congress, it must go through several steps in the Senate before becoming law. Understanding this process helps clarify how legislation is debated, amended, and approved.

Introduction of the Bill

The process begins when a senator sponsors or co-sponsors a bill. The bill is then assigned a number and introduced to the Senate. It is officially read for the first time and referred to a relevant committee for review.

Committee Review

The committee examines the bill, holds hearings, and may suggest amendments. If the committee approves the bill, it moves forward to the Senate floor for debate. If not, the bill can be tabled or rejected.

Senate Floor Debate and Voting

On the Senate floor, senators debate the bill’s merits. Amendments can be proposed and voted on. After debate, the bill is put to a vote. A simple majority is needed for the bill to pass this stage.

Final Steps

If approved, the bill proceeds to the other chamber (House of Representatives) for similar review. If both chambers pass the bill, it is sent to the President for approval or veto.