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A filibuster is a legislative procedure used in the United States Senate to delay or block action on a bill or other measure. It involves prolonged speechmaking or other tactics to prevent a vote from taking place. Understanding how a filibuster works is important for grasping the legislative process and the balance of power in Congress.
How a Filibuster Works
In the Senate, a filibuster can be initiated by a senator or group of senators who oppose a bill. They speak for an extended period or use procedural motions to delay the process. The goal is to prevent the bill from reaching a final vote.
A cloture motion can end a filibuster if three-fifths of the Senate (currently 60 senators) vote to invoke it. Once cloture is invoked, debate is limited, and a vote on the bill can proceed.
Historical Significance
Filibusters have been used since the 19th century and have played a role in shaping legislation. They are often used by minority parties to influence or block legislation they oppose. Some notable filibusters include prolonged speeches by senators to delay civil rights legislation.
Controversies and Reforms
Filibusters are controversial because they can hinder legislative progress. Critics argue they give disproportionate power to a minority of senators. Reforms have been proposed to limit or eliminate the filibuster, but it remains a key feature of Senate procedure.