Table of Contents
The United States Constitution guarantees freedom of religion as a fundamental right. This protection is primarily outlined in the First Amendment, which prohibits Congress from making laws that establish a religion or restrict the free exercise of religion. These provisions ensure that individuals can practice their faith freely without government interference.
The First Amendment
The First Amendment states: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.” This clause is known as the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause. Together, they protect religious practices and prevent government from favoring or discriminating against any religion.
Legal Interpretations
Over time, courts have interpreted these clauses to balance religious freedom with other rights and interests. The Supreme Court has ruled that religious practices can be limited if they violate public safety or order. However, laws that substantially burden religious exercise are subject to strict scrutiny.
Key Court Cases
- Everson v. Board of Education (1947)
- Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
- Employment Division v. Smith (1990)
- Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. (2014)