Umhlaba Wonke Wamalungelo Amanzi Nobulungisa

Amalungelo amanzi nokufumaneka kwamanzi acocekileyo kusekho phakathi kocelomngeni olucinezelayo lwexesha lethu. Ngoxa ilungelo lomntu lokufumana amanzi nogutyulo laphawulwa ngokucacileyo yiNgqungquthela yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngo-2010, amawaka ezigidi zabantu akakabikho kusini na okunokuthenjwa ekufumaneni amanzi akhuselekileyo. Ukungalingani okufumaneka kwamanzi akuzenzekeli nje ngokuzenzekela; kusekelwe ngokunzulu kwimbali yendlela yocalucalulo, umgangatho wezoqoqosho, kunye nokungahlaliswa kwezobupolitika. Ukuthetha ngezi zithethe ezi zifuna ukucingisiswa ngendlela amalungelo amanzi achazwa ngayo, anikwa ngayo, anikwa, kwaye anyanzelelwa kuyo yonke imimandla.

Ukuchaza Amalungelo Amanzi: Ilizwe Elintsonkothileyo Elisemthethweni Nendlela Yokuziphatha

Amalungelo amanzi agqiba ukuba ngubani osenokusebenzisa amanzi asuka kumthombo othile, phantsi kweemeko, naziphi na iinjongo. La malungelo ahluka kakhulu ngokwelizwe, ummandla, kunye nesithethe somthetho. Kwezinye iindawo, amalungelo amanzi adityaniswe nobunikazi bomhlaba; kwezinye, alawulwa kukusetyenziswa kwangaphambili (“ekuqaleni, ekuqaleni ekunene”) okanye amonakaliseni iimfundiso. Umlinganiselo wokuziphatha ucacile: amanzi abalulekile kubomi, ukanti izakhiwo ezisemthethweni ziwaphatha njengezinto zezoqoqosho kunokuba zithenjwe nguluntu.

Imfundiso yokuThenjelwa kukawonke-wonke.

Phantsi kwemfundiso yokuthemba uwonke wonke, amanzi abanjwe ngurhulumente ukuze kungenelwe abemi. Noko ke, amazwe amaninzi anenkqubo zomthetho ezivumela izixhobo ezinamandla zokulima, iinkampani zemigodi, okanye oomasipala abazizityebi .ukufumana nokulawula ubuncwane bamanzi, ukushiya amaqela asemacaleni anezinto ezifunekayo okanye ezonakalisiwe. Umzekelo, entshona ye-United States, ngaphambi kokuba kungenelwe amalungelo e-appropria aye athandwa ngokwembali ngolimo wolimo omkhulu phezu kwe-Iricaricast kunye noluntu lwasemaphandleni. Iindlela ezifanayo zivela kwimimandla yaseAfrika nase-Asia apho imithetho yamanzi elawulwa yi-erona isaphembele ulwahluzo.

Oyena Nobangela Wokwahluka Kwamanzi

Umahluko ekufikeni kwamanzi asingombandela nje wejografi okanye ihydrolog. Iveliswa kwaye iqiniswe kukungalingani kwesixokelelwano. Ukuqonda ezi zizathu ezingundoqo kubalulekile ekungeneleni ngempumelelo.

Ukutyeshela Nemigaqo Yocalulo Engokwembali

Uluntu oluninzi olunombala, amaqela eengingqi, kunye nabemi abafumana imali ephantsi abakhutshwe ngokulandelelanayo kuhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lwamanzi. E-United States, ukudityaniswa kunye nezinye iindawo zokusetyenziswa koovimba beefayili ezinxulumene ngqo nemigaqo-nkqubo yamanzi kamasipala kwiingingqi ezimnyama nezikwi-Spanisburg. La mazwe akwanye ngoku ajongene neqondo eliphezulu lokungcoliswa kwelothe, ukutshiselwa kwamanzi, kunye nokuvalwa kwenkonzo. Ehlabathi jikelele, iindawo zokuhlala azinamkeli ekubonelweni ngokwasemthethweni kwamalungelo amanzi, zivumela ushishino oluthabathekileyo ukuba luphelise okanye lungcolise imithombo yasekuhlaleni ngokungaboni.

Imiqobo Yezoqoqosho Nemiqobo Esisiseko

Kwanaxa amanzi efumaneka ngokoqobo, ixabiso lonxibelelwano, unyango, kunye nokusasazwa kombutho woluntu lungathintela. Iintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi zingachitha isabelo esikhulu sengeniso yazo emanzini, ikhokelela kwityala elingenakufakelwa nokurhoxa. Kumazwe asemaphandleni akhulayo, ukungabikho kwemikhosi yezibonelelo ezixhotyisiweyo amabhinqa namantombazana ahamba imigama emide ukuze afumane amanzi, aqhube imijikelo yobuhlwempu nobufana. IWorld Health Organization iqikelela ukuba abantu abangamawaka amabini ezigidi basebenzisa umthombo wamanzi angcoliswe yimfumba, ibalaselisa unxulumano oluthe ngqo phakathi kwemingxube-mali yemibhobho kunye neengxaki zempilo.

Imithetho Yokuziphatha Namalungelo Angaziwayo

Kwimimandla emininzi yehlabathi, amalungelo aqhelekileyo amanzi asekelwe kwinkqubo yolawulo lwesithethe ."i-extensian ecaleni komthetho wesizwe. Xa isiseko somthetho wesizwe singawaqondi la malungelo angokwesithethe, uluntu lonke lunganikwa ukwenziwa lungabonakali kwizigqibo zolawulo lwamanzi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kumaqela abefundisi, abantu belizwe, kunye nabalimi abancinane abaxhomekeke kumalungiselelo angacwangciswanga kakuhle kodwa asemthethweni. Ngaphandle kolwazi olusemthethweni, aba bantu abanawo ukumelana nongcoliso okanye ukuphazanyiswa ngabadlali abanamandla.

Uhlolisiso Lwemeko Oluyiphelisayo Le Ngxaki

Ukuhlolisisa iimeko ezithile kubonisa ubunzulu bengxaki nendlela yokuya kulingana. Le mizekelo ilandelayo ibonisa indlela eyahluke ngayo nendlela abantu abalwa ngayo.

IFlint, EMichigan: Ukusilela Kokuthenjwa Nguwonke - wonke

Ingxaki yamanzi eFlint yaqala ngo-2014 xa isixeko satshintsha amanzi aso saya kungena kuMlambo iFlint ukuze sigcine imali. Amanzi omlambo ayeyingozi kakhulu kwaye ephenjelelwa kwimibhobho eyaluphalayo, ingcolisa unikezelo lokusela kubemi abamalunga nekhulu elinamashumi amahlanu. Intlekele yachaphazela uluntu olumnyama, olungenazintlawulo. Amagosa karhulumente asekuhlaleni namanqanaba asekuhlaleni ayesazi ngomngcipheko kodwa awakwazi ukwenza. Ityala le mithetho yezaphuli-mthetho yaziswa kumagosa athile, kodwa isifundo esinzulu simalunga nokungahoywa kwemi kuluntu oluselunxwemeni. I-Flin'uth isenokuthathelwa indawo, kwaye abantu abaninzi bahlala bengenathemba ngenxa yamanzi. [FLD:]

Imimandla Yasekuhlaleni Ilwela Ulongamo Lwamanzi

Ukusuka kwiNavajo Navajo eUnited States ukuya kwi-Māori eAoteoa New Zealand, abantu belizwe lasekuhlaleni baphambili ekuxakekeni ngamalungelo amanzi. E-United States, kuqikelelwa ukuba ama-40% abantu abahlala kumaBrandeni ase-Merika abangakwazi ukufumana amanzi acocekileyo okanye ukhuthuzo olufanelekileyo oluphezulu kunomndilili wesizwe. Iimfazwe ezingokwasemthethweni kumalungelo amanzi ziye zarhuqeka kamashumi eminyaka, kunye nezizwe ezinyanzelelwa ukuba zidibane kwisikhundla sobuthathaka. I-Sty Rock Sioux Novek i-Tribes ) i-Trives nxamnye neDakota Auckine 2016-2017 zatsala ingqalelo yomhlaba wonke kunqamlezo lwamalungelo amanzi, ulawulo lwesizwe, lwesizwe, kunye nobulungisa bemeko-me. [[FLD]

Abemi Basemaphandleni AseAfrika

Kumazwe amaninzi asemaphandleni aseAfrika, amanzi afumaneka ngokulinganayo, ngokwesini, nangamaxesha onyaka. Amabhinqa namantombazana athwala umthwalo oyintloko wokuqokelela amanzi, ngokufuthi achitha iiyure ezihambayo suku ngalunye ukuya kwimithombo ekude. Eli xesha lithintela amantombazana ukuba angangeni kwimisebenzi yengeniso ekhoyo. Ngexesha lembalela, imithombo ekhoyo yomile, kunye nokhuphiswano lwamanzi olukhokelela kwingxabano. Iinkqubo zamanzi ezisetyenziswa ngabantu bathe bawanika isithembiso apho axhaswa khona yimali eqinileyo noqeqesho lobugcisa, kodwa ukuphumelela kuhlala kungucelomngeni. [[FLT:] Intlangano yehlabathi yezonyango yezonyango]

Imisebenzi yesakhelo esemthethweni neyomgaqo-nkqubo

Ukukhuthaza ukulingana kofikelelo lwamanzi kufuna utshintsho olusemthethweni nolwenziwa kwinkqubo kumgangatho omninzi(ukuze kufikelelwe kulo).

Ilungelo Lomntu Lokufumana Amanzi Nobungcwele

Ukuqashelwa kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngelungelo lomntu lokufumana amanzi nogutyulo ngo-2010 kwaba yimpumelelo ephawulekayo. Inyanzelisa ukuba amazwe aqhubeke efumana amanzi akhuselekileyo, anokufumaneka, anokufikeleleka, nanokufumaneka ngokwawo ukuze asebenze ngokwawo kunye nasekhaya. Noko ke, ilungelo alikokuzinqumla ngokwawo; kufuneka aphunyezwe ngomthetho wesizwe, ukujongana nolawulo oluzimeleyo, kunye nobuchule bokuphendula. Amazwe anjengoMzantsi Afrika aye afaka ilungelo kwimimiselo yawo, ngoxa abanye beye badlulisela imisebenzi ethile engokweenkonzo zamanzi.

Ukufuduswa Kwendawo Entle

Imigaqo-nkqubo yokubekwa kwindawo esezantsi kwenani labantu abasengozini inganciphisa umahluko. Umzekelo, iSebe laManzi aManzi laseMzantsi Afrika linika imvume yokufumana amanzi asisiseko kwiintsapho ezihlwempuzekileyo, kunye noMthetho wayo weNational Water Water Act ukhuthaza ukwabiwa ngokulinganayo ngenkqubo yokunika i-intelligences eqwalasela ngokucacileyo iimfuno zamaqela akwimbali ekhoyo. EChile, intengiso yamalungelo amalungelo abantu aqala akhiwa phantsi kolawulo lolawulo lobuzwilakhesheshe, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungeniseni kakhulu nasekucingeleni. Emva koko iinguqu zangezo zala imithombo yamanzi ekutyeni nokukhutshwa kwemekobume, nangona inzuzo ehlala iqinile.

Ukomeleza Isabelo Soluntu

Ukungaphunyelelwa komsebenzi obalulekileyo ngaphandle kokuthathi-nxaxheba okunentsingiselo koluntu oluchaphazelekayo kulawulo lwamanzi. Oku akuquki nje kuphela ukudibana kodwa kukwaquka ukuqhuba kwamandla afanelekileyo. Abaphathi bamanzi abalawulwa nguluntu, apho abasebenzisi basekuhlaleni banegunya kwisiseko sesiseko somsebenzi, ikhompyutha, kunye nesigqibo sokuphikisana, kuboniswe ukuphucula zombini impumelelo kunye nokungakhethi bulungisa. EBolivia, “Imfazwe ye-Water” eCochabamba ku- 2000/i-a ukuvukela okuqhelekileyo ngokuchasene nokwakhiwa kwamanzi e-prital-ipluecess, iibhodi zamanzi, ii-ekhompathi ze-omishinethi, kunye nee-omibutho ye-omil.

Okusesikweni Kwemeko - bume Nendima Yokuguquka Kwemozulu

Amanzi alinganayo asuka kubulungisa bemekobume. Uluntu olungenayo kunye noluntu olunombala lunento yokwenza nengozi yemekobume, kuquka ukuchanabeka kumanzi angcolileyo kunye nempembelelo yemozulu eguqukayo. Ukubona ezi mjaqo kuyimfuneko kwizicombululo ze-holi.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu Kuyingozi Kakhulu

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuya kuphinda kuphuncule ukunqongophala kwamanzi nokungabinakuguquka, okuchaphazela ngokungalinganiyo abo banezona zixhobo zimbalwa ukuze baqhelane. Imbalela engapheliyo, izikhukula, kunye nomgangatho wolwandle zithoba umgangatho wamanzi kunye nokufumaneka kwawo. Kwihlabathi lonke, abalimi abancinane nabalimi abahlala kunye nabezoburharharha balahlekelwa zizinto zakudala, ngoxa ezixekweni, amaza obushushu kunye noxinzelelo lolwaluntluko lokwaluphala kolwaludala. Isifo seCovid-19 sabalaselisa ungxamiseko lokufikelela emanzini okunokuhlanjwa ngesandla, sekunjalo izigidi zabantu zishiywe ngaphandle kwale mfuneko esisiseko. Utshintsho lwemozulu kufuneka luquke iinjongo ezicacileyo zokungalinganiyo, njengoko kuqinisekisa ukuba urhwebo lwamanani olwazi lwangaphambili lunceda abantu.

Ukonakalisa Umzimba Nokungabikho Kwemiqathango Engokwempilo

Ungcoliso lwamanzi alwaziwa ngokulinganayo. Iindawo zoshishino, iindawo zenkunkuma eziyingozi, kunye nokukhutshwa kwezolimo okungcoliseka ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto kwemithombo yamanzi kufuphi nemali encinane kunye nemimandla encinane. EUnited States, ingcamango “yobuhlanga besizwe” ichaza indlela olunamandla ngayo ukrudededa lweendawo ezonakalisweyo. KwiKhathelifoniya, ezinye iingingqi zelizwe ezisebenza kakuhle zibekwe ngaphezu kwamanzi angcolileyo anemibhobhobho enyi, echaphazela amanzi okusela abemi basefama kunye neentsapho zabo. Iziphumo zempilo zisuka kwisifo esigqubukhali se-gastomas ukuya kwiimeko ezingapheliyo ezinjengomhlaza nomonakalo. Ukuxilonga kweminye imfutho wamanzi acocekileyo, kanye nokungenisa imali kumanzi acocekileyo kumanzi afumaneka kwimibutho yorhwebo.

Izicombululo ezitsha kunye neenkqubano ezinikwe uluntu

Ngelixesha utshintsho loxokelelwano luyimfuneko, kukho nezinyusi zengca ezitshayo nezisombululo zobugcisa ezibonisa ukuba ulawulo lwamanzi oluqwalaselwe ngokulinganayo lungakhangeleka lunjani.

Ulawulo lwamanzi agcinwe ngoLuntu

Ukusuka emaphandleni ase Tanzania ukuya kumazibuko aseBrazil, ulawulo lwamanzi ahambayo oluye lwangqineke lusebenza ekulungiseni umsantsa phakathi kwamaziko asesikweni neemfuno zasekuhlaleni. Ezi zinyathelo zisoloko zibandakanya iikomiti zamanzi eziqokelela iimali zomsebenzisi, izibonelelo, kunye nokunxibelelana namaqumrhu angaphandle. Iimeko ezingundoqo ziquka ulawulo lwemali, uqeqesho lobugcisa, kunye nokuqwalaselwa ngamagunya karhulumente. II-website yamanzi inika uphando kunye nobuncwane kwiinkqubo zamanzi ezilungiselelwe abantu.

Ubuxhakaxhaka bobuChwephesha

Ubugcisa obuphantsi obufana nemichiza esetyenziswa yimichiza esetyenziswa yimipu, iimpompo ezinamandla elanga, kunye nokufunyanwa koluvo oluphumayo kungenza unyuso lokufumaneka kwamanzi nomgangatho waloo ndawo. Iinkqubo zokuhlawula ngenqwelo-moya zinceda iintsapho ukuba zithenge amanzi ngemincinane, angabizi. Noko ke, ubugcisa bodwa asisosisombululo; kufuneka buncanyathiselwe kwimigaqo-nkqubo exhasayo kwaye bulawule uluntu. Umzekelo, izixhobo zonyango lwamanzi asetyenziswayo zinokunciphisa izifo ezibangelwa ngamanzi, kodwa iziphumo zazo zilinganiselwe ukuba iintsapho azikwazi ukuthenga izihluzi zokuwalungisa okanye ukuba ugcino-zixhobo zobuxhakaxhakaxhaka.

Ukunikwa Amandla Asemthethweni Nokuxelwa

Igunya elisemthethweni loluntu liye laba sisixhobo esinamandla sokuqhubela phambili amanzi. Iintlangano ezingangeni ngeniso kunye neenkampani zoluntu ezinomdla womthetho ziye zasebenzisa intelekelelo ecwangcisiweyo ukunyanzela oorhulumente ukuba bathobele izibophelelo zamalungelo amanzi. EMzantsi Afrika, imeko ye- Mazibuko v. IsiXeko saseRhawutini[ [ukusebenza ngokungekho mthethweni] ngokusemthethweni kwamanzi asisiseko, yaye ngexa iNkukomgaqo-siseko ekugqibeleni ingagunyazisanga umlinganiselo othile, ityala limisela imizekelo ebalulekileyo ngokuphathelele iprocdefication kunye nokuphendula. EIndiya, i-Oright to Water iqality procrations iqwalaselwe njengenxalenye ephambili yobomi phantsi kweSigqendulo 21 somGaqo-siseko, ukukhokela ekuwiseni kwemiqatha lemiqathango yemiqathango karhulumente, ukulungiselela ukubonelela amanzi amanzi ngokulungelelanisa.

Isiphelo: Ukuya Kwikamva Elifanelekileyo Lamanzi

Ukufumaneka kwamanzi okungaguquguqukiyo asiyongxaki yobugcisa . Kunyanzelekile . Ukwahluka kwamalungelo emekobume kunye nokufikelela okuchazwe kweli nqaku ngumphumo wokhetho, hayi ukungabi nazingenelo. Ngokuqinisa ukhuseleko olusemthethweni, ukuveliswa kwezibonelelo zoluntu olungaphantsi kwengingqi, ukunika ulawulo lwengingqi, kwaye ukuqhubana namandla adibeneyo ekhuselwayo eentlobo zobuzwelonke kunye notshintsho lwemozulu, abantu banokufudukela kwikamva apho amanzi asisibonelelo esahlukeneyo esixhasa bonke abantu. Umntu ngamnye, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngumvuzo, ingeniso, okanye indawo, ufanele ukulondolozwa, ukuthembeka, nokuthembeka kwamanzi. Ukufumana umbono ufuna ukuzinikela okuqhubekayo koorhulumente, kwezentlalo-ntle, kunye nezoshishino, kunye nokuvuma kwimibango zamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe ahlukeneyo.