Amandla alawula nakweliphi na ibutho labantu. Igqiba ukuba ngubani owenza izigqibo, okwaziyo ukufumana izinto, olizwi lakhe liviwayo, kwaye ziziphi iingxaki eziconjululwayo. Ukuqonda amandla asiyonto engaqhelekanga; kuyimfuneko esebenzisekayo kuye nabani na ofuna ukwakha uluntu olunamandla, olungenakuphindwa. Eli nqaku lihlola iindidi ezininzi zegunya, indlela elisebenza ngayo kubomi boluntu, iingozi zokusetyenziswa kwalo kakubi, kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekisa ukuba amandla asebenza wonke umntu, kungekhona nje ezimbalwa.

Ukuqonda Amandla

Embilinini, amandla kubuchule bokuphembelela okanye ukulawula indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu kunye nolwalathiso lweziphumo. Kwimeko yoluntu, amandla anokuba sesikweni okanye angacwangciswanga, abonakale okanye afihliwe, kwaye anokusetyenziswa ngabantu ngabanye, amaqela, amaziko, okanye iinkqubo ezipheleleyo. Indlela igunya esasazwa ngayo kwaye isetyenziswe phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi basekuhlaleni, ukusuka kumgangatho wezikolo zikawonke wonke ukusa kumgangatho wezindlu ezinokufikeleleka.

Abaphengululi badla ngokubeka amandla kwiindawo ezine ezibanzi ezisebenzisana nezihambanayo:

  • Amandla akhoyo — igunya lokwenza izigqibo, ukumisela iinkqubo, kunye nokulawula izibonelelo. Imizekelo iquka amagosa anyuliweyo, abasebenzi borhulumente basekuhlaleni, kunye neebhodi zoluntu.
  • Amandla ezoqoqosho — ukulawula ubuncwane bemali, umhlaba, imisebenzi, nekomkhulu. Abaqeshi abakhulu, abaqeshi, iibhanki, nabaphuhlisi bezakhiwo basebenzisa amandla amakhulu ezoqoqosho.
  • [[FLT: 0] Igunya lobuGcisa — impembelelo kulwalamano loluntu, ii-intanethi, kunye nezithethe. Oku kuquka amandla eenkokeli ezingacwangciswanga, amaqela oluntu, kunye nekomkhulu loluntu.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Amandla obuxhakaxhaka — ukukwazi ukubumba iintsingiselo ezabelanayo, amabali, kunye ne-OFO. Iindawo zokukhupha iinkcazelo zorhwebo, amaziko enkcubeko, nezithethe zoluntu zonke zifak' isandla kwinkcubeko.

Ukuqonda le midlalo akuyonto iphambili ekuqhubeni kakuhle nasekusebenziseni amandla akhoyo kwingingqi yakho.

Indlela Amandla Asebenza Ngayo: Abonakalayo, Afihliweyo Nangabonakaliyo

Isazinzulu sezobupolitika uJohn Pactinta, edwelisa umsebenzi wangaphambili nguSteven Lukes, uchaza amanqanaba amathathu amandla ayimfuneko ngokukhethekileyo kuluntu. [[FLT:] Amandla abonakalayo ngawona acacileyo: aquka iinkundla ezisesikweni zokwenza izigqibo zebhunga, iindlebe, nonyulo. amandla afihlakeleyo [[[[FLT:]]] ayenzeka xa abadlali abanamandla bemisela amacebo, ukulawula oko kuxoxwayo, okanye ukuvala amazwi athile kwinkqubo. [[FLT: 4.] Amandla angabonakaliyo [FLT] athelekelelekeze iinkolelo zabantu, amaxabiso, nokuqonda okunokwenzeka. Akwazi ukubangela ukuba amaqela alungelelanise, alawule okanye alungele ukuqwalanise, alawule amacandelo athile eenkqubo asekuhlaleni. [FLT:] Anceda ngaphaya kwendlela yokulungisa amaqela amaqela asekuhlaleni.

Iintlobo Zamandla Kubantu

Izazi ngengqondo zoluntu uJohn Frentshi noBertram Raven bachaza isiseko samandla aqhelekileyo asetyenziswayo kwimigaqo yoluntu. Ukuqonda oku kunceda abemi balapho baqonde apho amandla akhoyo nendlela yokuwakha ngayo.

Amandla okudlala

Amandla okuzingela axhomekeke kumandla okusohlwaya, okusongela, okanye ukubeka imiphumo emibi. Kwasekuhlaleni, oku kusenokubandakanya ukunyanzeliswa kwamapolisa, ukuhlawuliswa kwemali, ukugxothwa, okanye kwanexesha lokukhutshwa kwemibutho yabantu. Amandla okuzingela anokukhawuleza aphelise ukungavumelani kodwa abangele ingqumbo nokuchasa. Abantu abaxhomekeke kakhulu ekunyanzelweni batyekele ekuthembeni okuphantsi kunye nengxabano ephezulu.

Umvuzo Wamandla

Ichaphaza lokunyanzelisa, amandla okuvuza asekelwe kubuchule bokubonelela ngeengenelo. IGrant, amabhaso oluntu, ukunconywa kwabantu, namathuba omsebenzi zizinto eziqhelekileyo. Imibutho engancediyo, yokwenza iziseko, kunye namashishini asekuhlaleni asoloko esebenzisa amandla okuvuza xa egqiba ukuba ngubani ofumana inkxaso okanye uncomo. Amandla omvuzo anokukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle kodwa kwakhona angenza ukuxhomekeka ukuba awabelwanga ngokulinganayo.

Amandla Omthetho

Amandla asemthethweni avela kwisigxina esidumileyo, isibizo, okanye indima. Amagosa, amalungu equmrhu lesikolo, oomongameli bengingini, nabefundisi becawa bonke banegunya elisemthethweni. Olu hlobo lwamandla lunikwa inkqubo esesikweni okanye engacwangciswanga. Lusebenza kakhulu xa kuqwalaselwa njengofanelekileyo naxa umntu okwindima ewenzayo ewuphendula ngokuziphendulela kwibutho labantu.

Amandla Obugcisa

Amandla obuchule afunyanwa kulwazi, ubuchule, okanye amava. Eluntwini, amandla obuchule angafunyanwa ziingcali zezonyango, abacebi bedolophu, ababhali-mbali basekuhlaleni, okanye abaququzeleli boluntu abanamava. Amandla ombane asoloko esetyenziswa ukwazisa izigqibo, kodwa asenokusetyenziswa ukulawula iingxoxo ukuba iingcali ezingengoochwepheshe azinakusetyenziswa. Ngenene, abantu abahlala apho banokufumana ulwazi olunexabiso lolwazi ngoxa bewahlonela amava aphilayo abemi.

Amandla Aphinde afumaneke

Amandla abalulekileyo asuka kulwalamano lobuqu, ukuthembana, nokunconywa. Inkokeli yommelwane yexesha elide ehlonelwa ngamaqela ahlukeneyo ibamba amandla axhaswe kakhulu. Olu hlobo lwamandla lusoloko luxhaswa kakhulu kuba lwakhiwe kunxibelelwano olululo. Amandla anamandla anokukhuthaza abantu ngokukhawuleza kwaye ahlulwe kwibrorho, kodwa anokuba buthathaka ukuba ukholo lwaphukile.

Owona mkhosi woluntu wokwenene uquka ukuxuba oku. Umququzeleli onobuchule angadibanisa amandla asemthethweni (isikhundla esimiselweyo) namandla akhethekileyo (ukholo) kunye namandla obuchule (ulwazi lwenkqubo) ukukhokela utshintsho ngokunempumelelo. Ukuqonda ezi ntengi kuvumela amalungu oluntu ukuba ahlole amandla awo nokuchonga izithuba anokuzizalisa.

Indima Yamandla Kuphuhliso Loluntu

Ukuphuhliswa koluntu — inkqubo yokuphucula iimeko zezoqoqosho, zentlalo, nezemekobume — zivela ngokwemvelo kwezobupolitika. Igunya limisela ukuba ngubani ongenelelayo noshiyekileyo. Xa igunya labelana ngokubanzi, inkqubela idla ngokuba yeyodwa kwaye isabela. Xa igunya ligxininise, inkqubela idla ngokufeza izilangazelelo zabambalwa ngokulahlekelwa ngabaninzi.

Ukwenza isigqibo nocwangciso lwe-Agenda

Abantu abanamandla kunye namaqela aphembelela iimbambano ezibekwa kwindawo yokuqala. Umzekelo, ibhunga lesixeko elilawulwa zizinto zoshishino lisenokugxininisa kwinkqubela-phambili yedolophu ngeli xesha lityeshela izindlu ezinokufikeleleka kwimimandla engaphantsi kwesebe. Ukunikela ngoqingqo-mali, ukuququzelela uluntu, namabhunga asekuhlaleni zizinto ezisebenzisa amandla okusasaza izigqibo. Ingingqi eziye zamkela uqingqo-mali oluphezulu olunika ingxelo yomanyano kunye nolwabiko lwemali oluthe ngqinelanayo.

Indawo ekuyo uvimba wefayili

Ngubani olawula imali, umhlaba, kunye nezinye izibonelelo ezinamandla amakhulu kwinkqubela-phambili yoluntu. Isiseko, abameli bakarhulumente, kunye nabaphuhlisi bobuqu benza ukhetho malunga nendawo emayifakwe kuyo imali. Ezi zigqibo zisenokuqinisa ukungalingani okukhoyo okanye zikhuthaze ulwando olusukkileyo. Uluntu lukholose ngelizwe, amashishini asebenzisanayo, kunye nemali yoluntu zimizekelo yezibonelelo ezinika abemi amandla obuncwane. Umzekelo, umgangatho wokuthemba umhlaba woluntu ngokwemodelo olukhoyo. [

Ukubandakanyeka nokwenza inxaxheba

Amandla achaphazela ngokunzulu abo banenxaxheba kubomi basekuhlaleni. Xa abemi beziva bengenamandla, bayarhoxa kwiintlanganiso, bayakuphepha ukunikela uncedo, kwaye baphelelwe lithemba. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa abantu bekholelwa kwimicimbi yabo yokuthabatha inxaxheba, ukuganana kunyuka. Izakhiwo ezinika amandla abemi abaquka ukunikela uqeqesho lwabantwana nokutolika kwiintlanganiso, ukunikela iintelekelelo zokuthatha inxaxheba, nokusebenzisa iifomati ezifikelelekayo. [[FLT:] Isixhobo seCommunity Bhokisi[[ icebisa ukuba ukwakha amandla amaqela ngesenzo sokwabelana ngamalungu kubandakanya akwinkonzo zinye yeendlela ezisebenzayo zokuxhasa ukuganana ngexesha elidluleyo.

Ukubhadula Nokutshintsha Kwenkqubo

Uphuhliso loluntu ludla ngokufuna utshintsho kwimithetho, imimiselo, okanye iindlela zolawulo. Ukusetyenziswa kwegunya ukuphembelela ezi nguqu. Umanyano lwemibutho yoluntu, iintsebenziswano ezibangela iingcambu, kunye neengcali zenkqubo zingadibanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamandla ukuqhubekisa imicimbi. Umzekelo, ukulwela ubulungisa bokusingqongileyo kwizixeko ezininzi kuye kwafuna omabini amandla obuchule (ugcino-lwazi lwenzululwazi) namandla athe ngqo (ukulungelelanisa i-commony) ukunyanzela oorhulumente nemigaqo-nkqubo. Ukuphumelela kwe-nkqubo yezonkampatho akwaneyo akuyi mpumelelo nje inkqubo enye; kwakhona kwakha amandla exesha elide oluntu ukuba luqhubeke lulungisa ikamva lalo.

Iingxaki Zolawulo Kubantu

Ngoxa amandla enokuba sisithuthi sotshintsho olufanelekileyo, ikwabangela ucelomngeni olunzulu. Iindawo ezisilela ukuhlolisisa amandla ngokufuthi zibona indlela efanayo yokuzinxwema, ukuxambulisana, nokungakhuli kakuhle.

Uphelo olusetyenziswayo kunye nokubuyisela umda

Ngokwembali, amandla kuluntu oluninzi aye ajoliswe phakathi kwabo banobutyebi, imfundo, kunye nobume bentlalo. Izakhiwo zodidi kunye nolwahlulo ziye zabakhupha ngokulandelelana abantu abanombala, abafumana iimpahla eziphantsi, kunye namanye amaqela akwizicwangciso zokwenza izigqibo. Kwaneenkqubo zoluntu ezizinzileyo zingaqhubeka zikhutshwa ukuba zenziwe ngaphandle kwenkathalo yamandla. Umzekelo, intlanganiso kawonke-wonke eqhutywa ngexesha lomsebenzi inokubashiya abasebenzi abashicileli nabagcini-mali. Ngaphandle kwemigudu yamabhongo yokuguqula amandla, amazwi aphantsi ahlala engavakalanga, neemfuno zabo zingeka.

Ukunganyaniseki Nokusetyenziswa Kakubi Kwegunya

Xa umntu okanye amaqela enegunya elingathintelwayo, ubuqhophololo bunokuba bubungozi. Oku kusenokuba negalelo elicacileyo ekunqandeni imali yoluntu ukuya kwintlobo ezichuliweyo njenge-nethications ekuqeshweni okanye ekukhetheni kwizivumelwano. Ukunganyaniseki kuphelisa ukuthembana kwaye kwenza kube nzima kubantu ukuba basebenzisane. Amanyathelo abonisa ingqiqo, afana nemithetho evulekileyo, ukunikela ingxelo yasekuhlaleni, kunye nokuzimela ngokwawo, abalulekile ekuthinteleni amandla ekuxhatshazweni.

Ukungqubana Nokuphakanyiswa Kwelanga

Imfazwe yamandla ingumthombo oqhelekileyo wokungquzulana kwebutho labantu. Xa amaqela amabini eqonda ukuba izilangazelelo zawo ziyachasana — umzekelo, abemi bexesha elide abatsha, okanye abanini shishino kunye nabalondolozi bemekobume — amandla aba mdlalo wezero-sum. Olu ngquzulwano lungakhula lube yi-gridrock, intlaselo yobuqu, kunye nolwahlulo. Izikhuseli ezichuliweyo kunye nobuchule bokulawula amandla zinganceda ekuguquleni ingxabano ibe yincoko esebenzayo. Undoqo kukuba usuke kwimbono yokuphumelela kwimiba ephezulu ukuya kungenelo lwezixhobo ezininzi apho iindlela zamandla ziqwalaselwa kwaye zixatyiswe.

Ukuxhathisa Ukutshintsha Nokuxinezeleka

Abadlali abanamandla basoloko benomdla othe ngqo ekulondolozeni imeko. Kwanaxa uluntu lufuna utshintsho olucacileyo — njengokuhlaziya imithetho ephelelwe lixesha okanye ukuphinda luhlaziywe kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ezityesheliweyo — abo bangenelwayo kwinkqubo yangoku basenokuxhathisa. Oku kuxhathisa kusenokuthatha uhlobo lokuzigobxa ulwazi, ukulibazisa izigqibo, okanye ukugxeka abaxhasi botshintsho. Ukumelana nalo mmandla kufuna amandla alinganayo okwenza ukuba isimo sibe sexabiso elixabiso eliphezulu kunelixanduva.

Ukunika Amaqela Asekuhlaleni Amandla Okuhlaziya Utshintsho Olufanelekileyo

Amandla yinkqubo apho abantu bafumana khona ulawulo kubomi babo nezigqibo ezibachaphazelayo. Kuluntu, amandla awanikwanga ngabo banegunya; yinto efunwayo neyakhiwe njengeqela. Amaqhinga asebenzayo anika amandla abonakalayo, afihlakeleyo, nangabonakaliyo.

Imfundo nokwakhiwa kwesixeko

Ulwazi luluhlobo lwamandla. Iingingqi ezifak' ukufundisa abantu, ukuphuhlisa ukhokelo, kunye nobuchule bobugcisa zixhobisa amalungu azo ukuba abe nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo. Iiprojekthi zendlela yokuqhuba urhulumente wasekuhlaleni, ukuqonda uqingqo-mali, okanye ukusebenzisela ukuphatha zizixhobo eziluncedo. Umzekelo, umsebenzi kaJohn Pappacenta ubalaselisa indlela imfundo edityaniswe ngayo nezenzo zobucukubhedengu enceda ngayo abantu baqaphele kwaye bavavanye namandla angabonakaliyo. Isakhiwo somsebenzi sikwaquka uqeqesho kwisigqibo semfazwe, ulawulo lwezixhobo ze-media, kunye nokuphatha imali ukuze iinkokeli zengca zikwazi ukuxhasa imigudu yazo kwixesha elide.

Iinkqubo Zokuthabatha Inxaxheba Nezokuquka

Ukuguqula amandla kufuna ukutshintsha indlela yokwenza izigqibo. Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kuqingqo-mali, abahlali bemi, ukubona ibutho labantu, kunye neenkqubo zokwakha ukuvumelana zonke ezinika amandla angakumbi kubahlali. Ezi ndlela kufuneka zenzelwe ukudibanisa ngokwenene, hayi ukudelela nje. Oku kuthetha ukunikela ingqalelo kwimiqobo efana nolwimi, ukufunda, ukuphatha, nokunyamekela abantwana. Kukwathetha ukunika abathathi-nxaxheba igunya lokwenene kwizigqibo ezinentsingiselo, hayi nje ezingento intwana. Xa abantu bebona igalelo labo linempembelelo ecacileyo, ingqiqo yabo yokuzikongozelela nokuzibophelela iyakhula.

Ukhokelo Olunengcungela Nokusebenzisana Kwamandla

Imizekelo yobunkokeli besithethe idla ngokunikela ingqalelo kumntu omnye okanye kwiqela elincinane. Ukhokelo olunengcungela lusasaza amandla ngapha nangapha kwabaxhasi abahlukeneyo, lwakha unxulumano kunokuba lube nenxokelelwano enye yomyalelo. Iqela loluntu, iikomiti zokuqhuba, kunye nemodeli zesikhokelo sokhokelo loluntu zidala iincam ezininzi zempembelelo. Le ndlela ibaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kuluntu olwahlukeneyo apho kungekho qela lifumana iimpendulo. Ukhokelo lwenkcubeko lufuna ukuthemba, ukuthobeka, nokuvuma ukwabelana ngetyala. Inokuba nento econelisayo kuneziphumo ezithe kratya ngenxa yokuba abantu abaninzi banesibo esibathwali.

Ilizwi Elinqamlezayo Nolwalamano

Ukunika amandla kufuneka kuthethe ngokucacileyo ngendlela amandla abunjwa ngayo luhlanga, udidi, ubufanasini, ubuchule, kunye nezinye izinto. Ingcamango yokudibana kwemida, ephuhliswa ngumphengululi wezomthetho uKimberlé Crenshaw, isikhumbuza ukuba abantu bajongene neentlobo ezininzi, eziphindiweyo zengcinezelo. Iinkqubo kunye nemigaqo ephatha onke amalungu oluntu njenganamava afanayo ziya kusilela abo bajongene nemiqobo eyahlukileyo. Ubuchule obunempumelelo bokhokelo lwabo bachaphazelekayo ngokungekho sikweni. Oku kungabandakanya ukugcinwa kwezihlalo kwimi ezenza amaqumrhu abameli abakwiminye elungelelanisayo, ukubonelela iimpahla zokwakha amandla amaqela ngokukhethekileyo, nokusebenzisa ukuqhubana nokulungisa ingcebiso kwiingxelo zembali.

Isiphelo

Amandla akalungile okanye akabi ngokwemvelo; sisixhobo esinokusetyenziswa ekukhululekeni okanye ekulawuleni. Kuluntu olufuna ukuphumelela, injongo asikokuphelisa amandla kodwa ukwabelana ngawo ngokulinganayo kwaye kusetyenziswe ngokungqinelana. Oku kufuna ingqalelo eqhubekayo kumntu onegunya, indlela elisetyenziswa ngayo, kwaye oshiywa ngaphandle. Ngokuqonda imilinganiselo emininzi yamandla, ukuqonda amandla ayo endalo kunye nentshabalaliso, nokusebenzisa iindlela zokwakha iziko elidibeneyo, uluntu lunokuziguqula lube kwiindawo apho bonke abami bakhona banelizwi elinentsingiselo kunye nesabelo esifanelekileyo. Umsebenzi awupheliswanga, kodwa inyathelo ngalinye eliyabelanawo amandla liyenza abantu bomelele ngakumbi, baphumelele ngakumbi, kwaye uzenze basebenzise iindlela eziluncedo, kwaye lude lude.