Isikhumbuzo Sedemokrasi: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Kukho Kwendlu Yepalamente, ECanberra

Indlu yePalamente eCanberra iyindawo yezopolitiko eOstreliya. Ngaphezu kokuba sisakhiwo sekonkile, iglasi, kunye nentsimbi, singumfuziselo womzimba wemigaqo yedemokhrasi yesizwe. Yonke imihla, isebenza njengesigaba sengxoxo eqinileyo, ukwenziwa komthetho, kunye nohlolo olubalulekileyo lukarhulumente. Ukususela ekuvulweni kwayo ngo 1988, esi sakhiwo somfanekiso womqondiso siye saba luphawu oluhlala luhleli lwe-Australia, olumela ukukhula kohlanga njengolwandiso kunye nokuzinikela kwalo ekulawuleni ngokucace gca. Ukuqonda imbali yaso, ukwakhiwa, kunye nomsebenzi waso kunika uxabiso olunzulu ngendlela ezilawula ngayo i-Australia.

Uhambo Lwembali: Ukususela Kwilungiselelo Ukuya Kwixesha Elingapheliyo

Indlu Yepalamente Endala: Ikhaya Lexesha Elifutshane Kangangeminyaka Engama - 60

Ngaphambi kokuba isakhiwo sangoku sibekho, ipalamente yelizwe lase-Australia yayisebenza ukusuka kwiNdlu yePalamente endala , eyayisemathambekeni asezantsi eKapital Hill. Yakhiwa njengomlinganiselo wokwexeshana ngo1952 xa ikomkhulu lesizwe lasuswa eMelbourne laya eCanberra, yayinenjongo yokukhonza iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu kuphela. Yaphelela ekuhlaleni ipalamente yeminyaka engaphezu kwesithandathu. Nge1970, isakhiwo sasixinene kakhulu. Abaqeshisi kunye namalungu asebenza kwii-ofisi ezixineneyo; iitepillics kunye neematshini zokuchwepa eziza zazizalisa iipasephase; kwaye ubunjani obusemganga kwizindlu bendlu yayingekho ntle. Inani elikhulayo labasebenzi bepalamente nemfuneko yezobugcisa zale mihla lenziwe ngoku lingenandawo yokuzimela.

Ukhuphiswano Nokhetho Loyilo

Ngonyaka ka-1978, urhulumente wengingqi ephantsi koMphathiswa uMalcolm Fraser wavakalisa ukhuphiswano lwehlabathi lonke lokwakhiwa kwendlu yePalamente entsha, esisigxina ekwiNqana leNqaku. Isakhiwo esibizwa ngomfutshane esiza kuba sinamandla, sisebenza kakuhle, kwaye sidityaniswe ngokunzulu kwilizwe. Ngaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu amaphepha afakwe kubenzi bezakhiwo ezijikeleze umhlaba. Isakhiwo sePalamente, esaziswayo ngo1980, savela kulwakhiwo olusekelwe kwiFiladelfiya [FLT]] uGOlardo olungu-urturg [[[[FLLD:3]] lwenkampani yeMitchell/Girpholam; Tholam. Umbono wendalo ujikelezo oluphezulu, ulu kwicala elingaphezulu lesakhiwo solwandle.

Ulwakhiwo Nokuvulwa Kwenkosi

Ulwakhiwo lwaqala ngowe-1981 kwaye lwabandakanya abasebenzi abangaphezu kwama-3000. Lo msebenzi waba ngumsebenzi omkhulu wobunjineli boluntu. Ngaphezu kwama-300,000 eemitha zekyubhiki yomhlaba zashukunyiselwa ukubumba induli. Isakhiwo safuna iitoni ezingama-23 000 zentsimbi, iikyubhikitha ezingama-300,000 zekonkle, kunye neekhilomitha ezingamashumi amathathu anesithathu zombane, kunye nekhilomitha zokuqhushumbisa umbane, ii-intene, kunye nenkqubo zokhuseleko. Ixabiso elipheleleyo lalingaphezulu koo-R4,1 yewaka lezigidi. NgoMeyi 1988, kanye iminyaka engama-87 emva kokuvulwa kwepalamende yomthetho yokuqala eMelbourne, uKumkani u-Elizabe II ngokusemthethweni yavula iNdrejini. Umsithombo obalaseleyo welizwe, wawuboniswa ngamawaka eOstrewezwe elisuka ehlabathini lonke.

Ubuchule Bokwakha: Uyilo Nophawu

Intanda - bulumko Yoyilo: Isakhiwo Esingumhlaba Othe Tye

Intanda-bulumko kaRomaldo Giurkola yeNdlu yePalamente yayiyidemokhrasi enzulu. Wayekholelwa ukuba isihlalo sikarhulumente asifanele sisoyikise abantu abasebenza kuso. Ngokungcwaba isakhiwo kwinduli, wadala isakhiwo esinzulu nesiphantsi. Uphahla, uphahla oluluhlaza olupheleleyo olufikelelekayo kuluntu, luqinisekisa ingcamango yokuba ipalamente yeyabemi. Uyilo lukhuthaza iindwendwe ukuba zihambe phezu kwesakhiwo, zijonge phantsi emagumbini avela kwimibhobhobho yoluntu, zize zihambe ngokukhululekile kwifoyers nenqinga. [[FLT:]] igxininisa ingcamango yokuba ipalame yeyabemi. yakhiwe kwilaphu yesakhiwo. I-flegi, i-mastime, ngaphezulu kwe-plane, i-ecengle phezulu, i-engile ehambayo kuphela, i-engile ebonakala kwicala lesizwe.

Iimpawu ezingundoqo ze-iCalendar

  • IFlagpole: Enye yezona zimo zentsimbi ezingenabala ehlabathini, ibamba iflegi yase-Australia elinganisa i 12.8 ngeemitha ezi-6. Iflegi isuka ngesiqu sayo, idala ingqiqo yoxinzelelo olunamandla kunye nokushukuma.
  • IFeyer kunye neHolo enkulu: Isango elingundoqo likhokelela kwigophe elikhulu, elizele mhlophe elinemarble ephantsi kunye nesilingi esiphaphazela phezulu. IHolo enkulu emelene nayo isetyenziselwa izitheko zikarhulumente kunye nolwamkelo olukhulu, olubonisa ikhasethi entle emva kokupeyinta ngu Arthur Boyd.
  • Amagumbi amabini: Amagumbi amabini — iNdlu yabameli kunye neNdlu yeeNdlu zeNdlu yeeNtsimbi — ahlukile ngokwendlela yokuyila imibala. Indlu ihonjiswe ngombala oluhlaza (ukubonisa isithethe seWestminstern House of Commons), ngelixesha iBhunga libomvu (liphakamisa iNdlu yeNdlu yeNkosi). Ezimbini ezi ndawo zombini zisemgaqweni zibonisa uwonke-wonke ovumela abemi ukuba baphawule ngqo.
  • Iphiko lolungiselelo: Iphiko elilumkileyo lihlala iofisi yeNkulumbuso kunye namagumbi ekhabhinethi, enzelwe ukusebenza nokukhuseleka. I-ofisi inefestile ejonge ngqo kwiPalamente endala, uqhagamshelwano olufuziselayo kwindlu yangaphambili.
  • Iiyadi kunye neMiyezo: Esi sakhiwo sidityaniswe neintendelezo zangaphakathi ezibonisa izityalo, imifanekiso, kunye neempawu zamanzi, zinika izithuba ezolileyo nezicaphukisayo kubasebenzi kunye neendwendwe.

Ubugcisa Nomfuziselo Osesakhiweni

Indlu yePalamente ikwayindawo enkulu yobugcisa base-Australia. Olu lwakhiyo lunengqokelela enkulu yemisebenzi engaphezu kwama-4, iquka imizobo, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, imifanekiso, kunye nempahla. Ubugcisa besizwe bunendawo ebaluleke kakhulu. iFouvcourt[ inemifanekiso eqingqiweyo edityanisiweyo yezomzobi uMichael Nelson Jamura, emela intlanganiso yabantu abahlukeneyo. I-Expobian, i-irfreans zemart yemark esetyenziswa kwi-Fomer e-Australia. Isakhiwo sonke sicelelwe [[FLT:] ingxube yezizwe , i-Inclaveiden, kunye ne-okst. I-octiveractics esetyenziswa ngabazobugcisa base-Namra, noogney, kunye nolwakhiwo lwezente, zoshishino, zoshishino zoshishizo zombini.

Ukubaluleka Kwendlu Yepalamente Kulawulo - melo LwaseOstreliya

Intliziyo Yenkqubo Yomthetho

Indlu yePalamente inezindlu ezimbini zepalamente: iNdlu yabameli kunye neNdlu yeNtsimbi yeMibutho yaseOstreliya. Bobabini, babumba indlu yowiso-mthetho, benoxanduva lokwenza nokuguqula imithetho. Indlu yabameli, enamalungu ali-151 anyuliweyo kumavoloti, imela abantu. INdlu yeNdlu yeeNtsimi ezingama-76 (12 kwiphondo ngalinye nesibini kwingingqi nganye yommandla ngamnye), imela amaphondo nemimandla. Iqela lezobupolitika okanye umbutho oyalela ukuba uninzi kwiNdlukwano yabameli lubumba urhulumente. Indlu ye-ofisi ye-ofisi ekhokela urhulumente ingurhulumente ekwindlu yabameli. Indlu ye-ofisi ye-Ostretive. Indlu ye-gxame isebenza njengendlu yokuhlola, i-scrist yaye ibamba urhulumente. [FL: 0] Ixesha elingunyaka-mali, i-evingcustolse-mali yendlu yendlu ye-ofisi ye-ofisi ye-Ostre. [Fogg.]

Umqondiso Wolongamo Nokwaziwa Kwesizwe

Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi esebenzisekayo, iPalamente House ithwala ubunzima obukhulu bomfuziselo. Imela ulawulo lwabantu base-Australia. Isibakala sokuba uphahla yipaki kawonke-wonke efikelelekayo sithumela umyalezo onamandla: isakhiwo asiyonqaba kodwa yindawo yokuhlanganisa. Ubukho beflegi yase-Australia, ibonakalayo kwimatritres, iqinisa umanyano lwesizwe. Lindawo apho [[FLD: 0] abefundisi] abanikela khona iintetho zabo zokuqala, apho kumiswa khona imithetho emitsha, nalapho kusekwa khona imikhosi ekhoyo, nalapho ilizwe lilila okanye libhiyolisa khona kunye. Imingcwabo yesizwe, intebo yesizwe, kunye nezikhumbuzo zeziganeko zembali ziqhutyelwe khona. Umzekelo, uPriversidevin Rudd uxoliselo lwama iSlent kwiSizukethi ka-20089, apho kusenzelwa khona isakhiwo esikhulu sesizwe, apho isakhiwo selizwe sakha sakha sakhiwa.

Iziganeko zesizwe nezezizwe ngezizwe ezithunyiweyo

Indlu yePalamente asiyondawo yokulawula imihla ngemihla kuphela kodwa ikwayindawo yeziganeko eziphezulu. Iyamkela iintloko zephondo, izamkelo zolwamkelo, kwaye iyindawo ephambili yemihla yesizwe yesikhumbuzo noSuku lwesikhumbuzo. Ikomkhulu kunye nomthetho ziba ziindawo zokuhlanganisa iingxengxezo, iziko lolawulo, kunye nemibhiyozo yoluntu. Isakhiwo sikwasetyenziswa kwiziganeko zonyaka [[FLT: 0] Indlu yeSculpture Expoifiction [ kunye nezinye iziganeko zobugcisa. Le ndima idibeneyo — njengendawo ekhuselekileyo yebutho likarhulumente ne-oluntu — ibalulekile. Ilawula ukuxinezeleka phakathi kokhuseleko nokhuseleko oluphakathi kokhuseleko oluqhelekileyo olubandakanya ukhuseleko oluqhelekileyo, ukhuseleko lwendlela yokungena, kunye nonxulumano lwezikhundla lokhuseleko olubanzi lwendawo yokungenisa izimsasa, kunye nolwano lolwano loluntu, ukuvumbalo oluvulekile lwendawo phakathi kweeyure zoluntu.

Ukufikelela Kuwonke - wonke Nendima Yemfundo

Umnyango Ovulekileyo Wolawulo - melo

Ngokungafaniyo nezakhiwo ezininzi zepalamente ehlabathini jikelele ezivalelwe kakhulu kuluntu, iFamaliament House eCanberra ivulekile ngabom kwaye iyamkela. Abakhenkethi bangangena esakhiweni ngesisa. Iindwendwe ezizimeleyo zivumela abantu ukuba bahlole i-foyer, iHolo enkulu, kunye neendawo zikawonke-wonke zombini zala gumbi xa ipalamente ihleli. Iqela lemiboniso elikhokelayo likho, linika ukuqonda okunzulu kwimbali, isakhiwo, kunye nemisebenzi yesakhiwo. Iinkqubo zemfundo zemfundo ziqhutywa ngamaqela asuka phesheya kwe-Australia, zinceda abafundi baqonde indlela abanokusebenzisa ngayo abameli babo. I-ofisi yemfundo inikela izibonelelo, imisebenzi yemidlalo, kunye nemisebenzi yezopolitiki yezopolitiki.

Imiboniso Nezithuba Zokufunda

  • Imiboniso: ebekwe kwifoyer kawonke-wonke, ezi ndawo zijikelezayo ziboniswa ngemiboniso ekwimibandela efana nembali yamalungelo okuvota, ukwenza umGaqo-siseko, kunye nobomi babalungiseleli bentlalo-phambili.
  • Indawe yendawana yomphezulu: Ingqokelela eninzi yemifanekiso esemthethweni yabaphathi-mikhosi, iijaji-jini, kunye neenkokeli zepalamente zibekwe ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, zinika imbali yenyani yokhokelo lwe-Australia.
  • Iholo yeMural kunye neHolo enkulu iTapestry: Ezi ndawo zobugcisa zisoloko zidityanisiwe kukhenketho, zivumela iindwendwe ukuba zibuxabise ubutyebi benkcubeko yesakhiwo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ithala leencwadi lePalamente: Ngelixesha lisebenza ithala leencwadi lamalungu, ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kubandakanya ukujongwa kweendawo ezibalaselisa ingqokelela yembali yethala leencwadi, kuquka iincwadi namaxwebhu anqabileyo.

Kwabo bangenakukwazi ukutyelela umntu, iPalamente inikela iindlela ezinamandla zokukhenketha, kuquka iimbono ezizii-360 zegumbi, i-hoyer, kunye nophahla. Ukuphila nokuthontelana kwezicelo zepalamente kufumaneka kwi-webhsayithi esemthethweni, iqinisekisa ukuba uluntu lungalandela iingxoxo kunye namavoti ngexesha lokwenene. Olu kuzimisela ukuvela kukukhanya ligumbi ledemokhrasi yase-Australia.

Indaleko Yendlu Yepalamente: Ukuvisisana Neemfuno Zale Mihla

Ukhuseleko Nokufikelela Kwihlabathi Elitshintshayo

Ukususela ekuvulweni kwayo ngo-1988, iPalamente ilungise iinguqu ezibalulekileyo, ingakumbi kwindawo yokhuseleko. Emva kweziganeko zomhlaba jikelele ezifana nohlaselo olungu-9/11, amanyathelo okhuseleko aqiniswa. Imiqobo yeVhicle, ukujonga, kunye nemithetho eqingqiweyo eyandisiweyo yaveliswa. Noko ke, umgaqo ongundoqo wokungena kwabantu ugcinwe. Uyilo lwesakhiwo, ngendlela enye yoluntu yokungenisa nokujikeleza ngendlela elungeleleneyo yamalungu, abasebenzi, kunye neendwendwe, ukuvumela ukhuseleko olusebenzayo ngaphandle kokuguqula isakhiwo sibe yinqaba. Ukhuseleko olunyuselweyo lweminyaka engama- 2000 kunye nama-2010 luye luye lwachaphazele ekuhlaleni, lugcina imbonakalo evulekileyo yokuba uGirurlavious.

Uhlaziyo lobugcisa kunye nokuzinziswa

Isakhiwo sokuqala sakhiwe phambi kotshintsho lwe-Internet. Ekuhambeni kweminyaka, unyuselo olukhulu lwenziwe kwisiseko salo se-IT, kuquka iinkqubo zogcino-lwazi ezinesantya esiphezulu, iinkqubo zokubona okunesandi eziphambili zamagumbi, kunye nonxibelelwano lwamanani olukhuselekileyo. Esi sakhiwo sikwafumene ugcino-lwazi oluzinzileyo. Iindawo zezulu ezisebenza kunye nezinexabiso eliphezulu zifakwe eluphahleni, izibane zamandla ezinamandla zifakwe, kwaye la manyathelo okulondolozwa amanzi athe aphulwe ngokusebenza. Ngonyaka wama-20202020, iSebe leeNkonzo zePalamente ligqibezela isivumelwano somsebenzi somsebenzi esingundoqo [ esiye sanciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekharbo-carbon nge-25%. Ezi ziqiniswe ziqinisekisa ukuba iPalamente esebenzayo, ngexesha langoku lomgaqo wokusebenza kwemekobume yangaphambili.

Ilifa Elingapheliyo

Indlu yePalamente asiyondawo emileyo. Iyaqhubeka iguqula ifezekisa iimfuno zohlanga. Kutshanje ukuhlaziywa kubandakanya ukuphuculwa kokufumaneka kwabantu abaneziphene, amagumbi entsapho amatsha, kunye nokwandisa imicimbi yoluntu. Esi sakhiwo sikwaba yindawo yokuthetha inyaniso nokuxolelana, kunye nokuboniswa okungakumbi kwemisebenzi yobugcisa neelwimi ezisezikweni laso. Ngo-2022, kwavulwa umboniso omtsha wokuphawula ukubhiyozela kwe-50 kwe-Emassas, ekwiziko lomthetho we-Old Palamente House, kanye indlela ehamba kafutshane ukusuka kwisakhiwo esitsha. Oku kuqukwa okungako okuvela kwibalazwe elizimeleyo ukuya kwi-demokhrasi.

Isiphelo: Asingokwakha Nje

Indlu yePalamente eCanberra ingaphezulu kakhulu kunento eyiyo yentsimbi nekonkrithi yayo. Lilungiselelo eliphilayo eliquka amaxabiso edemokrasi, ukubonakala, nokubonakala kwesizwe. Imbali yalo — ukusuka kwisakhiwo esimxinwa ukuya kwisakhiwo esisemagqumeni esinomkhono — libonisa ukukhula kweOstreliya ngokwayo. Isakhiwo sayo, kunye nokudibana kwayo okufuziselayo kwendalo, sikhumbuza abemi ukuba urhulumente akangaphezu kwabo kodwa ungaphezu kwabo. Indima yayo njengegumbi lolawulo lwemithetho-mthetho, i-myuziyam, kunye negumbi leziganeko zesizwe liyenza ibe yinxalenye ekhethekileyo nebalulekileyo yobomi base-Australia. Ukuba uhamba phezu kophahla lwayo, umi kwigalaji kawonke, okanye ubukele nje intetho yepalamente, i-palente yendlu yendlu ingulo, njengengxelo enamandla yento ethetha ngayo: i-Ostreliya, ukuquququlela intetho yentlaba, intetho yentlanga yentlanga yentlanga yentlalo, kunye neyama yokwakha.

Ukuze ufumane ulwazi olungakumbi, tyelela i-website yePalamente yeNdlu yePhalamente ukwenzela ukukhangela iincwadi zokhenketho kunye nezibonelelo zemfundo. Funda malunga nentsingiselo yesakhiwo ukusuka kwiAustralian Institute of Architects. Cwangcisa i [[FLT:]] i-Museum ye-Australian Declacy eOld Palamente House[ ukuqonda umoslate opheleleyo wembali yengqungquthela ye-Australia.