Kuqoqosho lwamanani olukhawulezileyo, ubalo-mali luye lwavelisa amathuba okuguqula kunye neengxaki ezintsonkothileyo zokulawula. Enye yezona zinto zicinezelayo koorhulumente kunye nemigangatho yobuntlola bemali kukusetyenziswa kakubi kwempahla yexabiso ngemibutho yabanqolobi ukuhambisa imali ukunqumla imida ngesantya esingenakuthelekiswa nanto kunye nokungabinanto. Njengoko inkqubo yemali yehlabathi iqhubeka ihlanganiswa, ukudityaniswa kwemibutho ephuculiweyo kunye nokhuseleko kufuna impendulo entsonkothile, ebekelwe phantsi kwemithetho. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iindlela ezisetyenziselwa ukulwa ukulwa kwemali ngemiqathango efihlakeleyo ngemimiselo yehlabathi, izixhobo zobugcisa, izixhobo zobugcisa, kunye nemigudu yentlalo-mazwe ngamazwe.

Umhlaba Osoyikisayo: Indlela Amaqela Abanqolobi Asebenzisa Ngayo Amanani

Ubuchule obufanelekileyo nobungekho mthethweni bobufazi bentengiso bunika ucwangciso olukhethekileyo lomngcipheko ongenakufunyanwa ziinkqubo zezemali zesithethe. Amaqela abanqolobi aye asebenzisa iindlela zawo zenkxaso-mali ukuze asebenzise isantya, ukungabinammiselo, kunye nokungabi nabuveleli obunxulumeneyo obuthi kusungulwe ziimarike. Ngoxa uthengiso lwezithintelo lubhalwa kumkhokeli woluntu, amandla okwenza izingxobo ezintsha zemali ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngaphandle komxhasi ombindi wemali kwenza kube nzima ukuba abasemagunyeni bafumane imali ngexesha lokwenene.

Amaqela anjenge-ISIS, i-Al-Qaeda, kunye nezinye iinethwekhi ezidibeneyo zibhalwe zisebenzisa ii-scrypocrectrecrects zokuqokelela imali, ukuqokelela izixhobo, kunye nokususa ubuncwane kwiingingqi zemfazwe. Kwezinye iimeko, aye asebenzisa amaphulo obunjineli bentlalo ukucela iminikelo kwiBitcoin, e-Ehoyam, kunye nezinye iingqekembe zemali, zisoloko zikhokela imali ngokudibanisa iinkonzo okanye ii-scyricrecrecritiocs eziqwalaselweyo ukutyha ipake. Ubuchule obukhulayo bezi ndlela bugxininisa imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokulungisa imigangatho etshintshayo enokuhambisana notshintsho kwezobugcisa.

Ngaphezu koko, ukunyuka kwemali elungelelanisiweyo (DeFi) namaqonga oonontanga kunye nokutshintshiselana ngezamandla oonobumba kusenemigudu enzima engakumbi yokunyanzelisa. La maqonga asoloko esebenza ngaphandle kolawulo oluphakathi, evumela abasebenzisi ukuba baboleke, baboleke, kunye nezinto zorhwebo ngaphandle kokuzithoba kwiinkqubo ze-KYC. Oku kudala amacandelo amatsha athelekisa imali engekho mthethweni ukuguqula imali kunye nokuthatha intlawulo ngelixa behlala ngaphandle kofikelelo lwezithethe zokugada.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo nemigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe

Indima Yomkhosi Wezemali (FATF)

I-Financial Action Task Force (FATF) ivelise njengemimiselo yokuqala yeqela lezizwe ngezizwe ekulweni nokuthunyelelwa kwemali kunye nemali yabanqolobi kwisithuba sempahla yamanani. Ngo-2019, iFATF inikeze uncomo oluhlaziyiweyo lokuba ngokucacileyo kwandiswe imali e-laventing (AML) kunye nemisebenzi echaphazelekayo yezentengiselwano kwinkxaso yemali yenyani (CTF) kubanikezeli benkonzo yenyani (VASP), kuquka ukutshintshisana, izibonelelo, kunye neenkonzo zokhuseleko. Ezi zikhokelo zifuna i-VASPSD ukuze ziphumeze iinkqubo zeKYC, zigcine iingxelo zentengiselwano, kunye nengxelo yemisebenzi erhanelayo kubasemagunyeleni.

Enye yee-athom ezinamandla zeFATF nguMthetho weTravel, oyalela ukuba iVASP yabelane ngomseki kunye nembuyekezo yentengiso engaphaya komqobo othile. Ngelixesha uMthetho wokuhamba wawuyilelwe ekuqaleni ukudluliswa kocingo oluqhelekileyo, isicelo sokufihla ubunzululwazi kunye noqwalaselo lwemfihlelo olukwizithintelo ezikwimijelo ye-injini. Nangona kunjalo, ulawulo oluninzi luqalisile ukunyanzela ukunyanzelisa uMthetho wohambo, ukunyanzela ukukhuthaza izicombululo ezinxulumene nokubonakala kobuchule kunye nokuzibophanga komsebenzisi.

IFATF ikwaqhuba uhlolo olungqubanayo lwamazwe angamalungu ukuvavanya ukuthotyelwa kwawo nemigangatho yayo, ikhuthaza isiseko somthetho wehlabathi jikelele ukwenzela umgaqo we-crypto. Le nkqubo yokujongana kwakhona ikhuthaze umsebenzi womthetho kumazwe amaninzi, ukusuka kwiEuropean Union ukuya kuMzantsi-mzantsi-ntshona we-Asia, idala indlela ekhawulezileyo yehlabathi lonke yokuphikisana ne-marroristist xhasa ngemali.

Imimandla yommandla:

Kwi-European Union, umgaqo we-Marks in Crypto-Assets (MICA) umele eyona nkqubo yomthetho ebanzi yempahla yamanani ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. I-MICA imisela iimfuno zokulungisa ii-ianglassings ukwenzela abanikezeli benkonzo, ibeka imigaqo engqongqo yokubona ngaphaya kunye nezibophelelo zokutyhilwa, kwaye iquka amalungiselelo athile okuthintela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwemarike kunye nemali engekho mthethweni. Kwinjongo zeCTF, iMiCA iyalela ukuba zonke iimpahla ze-cpto zikhatshwe ngolwazi olukwi-clortpto kunye nomvuzo, ukuzalisekisa uMthetho wokuhamba kweFATF kuhamba kunqumla i-EU.

I-MiCA ikwahlula-hlula ezinye iimpahla zamanani njenge "imiqondiso egqithisiweyo" okanye "iiphawu lwemali," ezibeka kongezelelweyo kunye neemfuno zogcino. Le ndlela itshintshiweyo ivumela abalawuli abalawulayo ukuba balungise imithetho esekelwe kwinkangeleko yomngcipheko yemiboniso eyahlukeneyo, ukuqaphela ukuba iimali zemali zangasese kunye nee-algoriccoins zingaveza imingeni eyahlukileyo yokugcinwa komthetho.

Ezinye iindawo ziye zamkela iindlela zazo. I-United States ixhomekeke kumsebenzi wemithetho yeBhanki yeSikhumulo soMmandla nomgangatho karhulumente, ngenethwekhi yezezimali yoMphathiswa (FINCE) eyila ukutshintshana okungaqondakaliyo njengemisebenzi yeenkonzo zemali (MSBs) kwaye ifuna ukuba zivumelane noMthetho weBhanki yeShiery. Okwangoku, amazwe anjenge-Switzerland ne-Singapore aye akrola ngaphandle kwezakhiwo ezilawulayo ezikhuthaza ukusungula ngokungqongqo i-AML/CTF izibophelelo. Umahluko lwalentengiso lwale yemicimbini lubalasebuntwini boluntluntsonko lwehlabathi nokubaluleka kokuvumelanisa imilinganiselo yokuthintela ukuquluphala.

Iindlela ezingundoqo zokubuyisela iCrypto eSebenzayo

Yazi Umthengi Wakho (KYC) kunye nemilinganiselo echasene nemali (AML)

Kumphakathi wendlela yokulawula esebenzayo kukho ukuphunyezwa kolawulo lweKYC kunye nolu-ML. Kufunwa ukutshintshana kwe-clown KYC, abanikezeli bemali, nezinye ii-VASP ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngabasebenzisi babo bangubani phambi kokuba uthengiselwano lungumgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela nxamnye nemali engaziwayo. La manyathelo abandakanya ukuqokelela uchazo lukarhulumente oludityanisiweyo, ubungqina bedilesi, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ugcino-lwazi lwebhayoloji. Ulwazi lugcinwa luze luphathwele umsebenzi okrokrelekileyo, ngentengiso egqithiswe kwiyunithi zemali.

Ngelixesha iKYC/AML izibophelelo ezimkelwa ngokubanzi, impumelelo yazo ixhomekeke kumandla onyanzelo kunye nobuchule beequmrhu ezilawulayo ukujongela ukuthotyelwa. Kumagunya olawulo anobuncwane obulinganiselweyo okanye ukuthanda kwezobupolitika, abanikezeli benkonzo yenyani basenokusebenza ngolawulo oluncinane, bedala iindlela zokuphepha abanqolobi abanokuzisebenzisa. Oku kungenxa yokokuba uxinzelelo lwezizwe ngezizwe kunye namanyathelo okwakha abalulekileyo kubalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amazwe amkele imigangatho esisiseko.

Iiblockchain ezinyusiweyo kunye nohlolo lwentengiso

Uphuhliso lobugcisa ludlala indima ebaluleke ngokufanayo kwimali echasene ne-errorismis. Ifemu ze-blockchain enalytics ezinjenge-Chainalysis, i-CipherTrace (ngoku inxalenye ye-Mastercard), kunye ne-Elliptic ivelise izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo ezivumela abaphengululi ukuba balandele ukuqukuqela kwezinto zexabiso lemichiza kwii-millics ezininzi. Ezi zixhobo zisebenzisa uhlalutyo lwe-heuristic, ukudibanisa i-algorithm, kunye nophawu lokuphawula ukukroba iziqwenga ezikrokre ezithekileyo, ukudibanisa iidilesi zezixhobo zeli hlabathi lokwenene, kunye nokuthelekisa iflegi okunxulumene neezixhobo ezichasene norhwebo ezingekho mthethweni.

Ngokomzekelo, xa iqela labanqolobi lizama ukuguqula i-cyptocy utshintsho lwemali ye-fat ngokutshintshiselana, ukusetyenziswa kwe-breatchain kuyakwazi ukufumanisa ukuthengiselana ukuba utshintshiselwano ludityaniswe nomxhasi osetyenziswayo. Oku kwenza ukuba umthetho unyanzele ukunyanzelisa ukukhupha imiyalelo eqinileyo okanye ukuthatha izinto zobugqwirha ngaphambi kokuba zisuswe. Ukudityaniswa kwabasebenzi abachaphazelekayo kwiVSP kuzenze uqheliselo oluqhelekileyo ekutshintshiseni ngemithetho elawulwayo, okusebenza njengesithintelo esinamandla ekuchasene nokusetyenziswa okungekho mthethweni.

Ukuqhubela phambili kokuxilonga kukwanceda ukufunyaniswa kweenkqubo zemali kunye namaqhinga okugquma amaqhinga abagrogrisi abanokuwasebenzisa ukufiphaza iindlela zabo zenkxaso-mali. Ngokudibanisa ugcino-lwazi olukwi-chain nobuchule bokungasetyenziswa, amagunya angenza iiprojekthi zemali ezibanzi kunye nokuqhekeza zonke iinethwekhi zenkxaso.

Intsebenziswano Yamazwe Ngamazwe Nolwabelano

Ibonelele ukubakho kwemida engekho mdeni, akukho lizwe linye lingalwa ngokuphumelelayo nenkxaso yabanqolobi ngokuzihlalela. Intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe ibalulekile ekuvaleni izithuba ezisisigxina, ukwabelana ngobulumko, kunye nezenzo zokulungelelanisa. IFATF ikwenza oku kusebenze ngothungelwano lwazo lweziqumrhu zengingqi, njenge-Eurasian Group (EAG) kunye neMandla eManyangweni e-Latin Merika (GAFILAT), nto leyo enika amaqonga ukuze kuqwalaselwe kunye noncedo lobugcisa.

Intsebenziswano esebenzayo yenzeka ngemijelo enjenge-Egmont Group of Financial Invironments, enceda ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi olukhuselekileyo phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. Kwimeko eziphezulu, imikhosi edibeneyo iye yaziphazamisa ngokunempumelelo ii-intanethi zenkxaso yabanqolobi ngokudibanisa ubuntlola obunqanda ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwemibutho yabagrogrisi nophando lwezemali. IBhunga loKhuselelo lweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo likwamkele izigqibo ezikhuthaza amalungu ukuba athintele ukusetyenziswa kwee-fishpocrecurecrecrecrates ukwenzela iinjongo zabagrogrisi, ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniswa kwenyathelo leqela.

Ukulawula iminikelo yokuqala (IOs) kunye nokuQhuba

Iminikelo yengqekembe yokuqala (ICOS) ibiyinqwelo esetyenziswayo ngokwembali ephakamisa imali kwindawo ye-crypto, kodwa ikwatsala abadlali abangavumelekanga abafuna ukunyusa ikomkhulu ukwenzela iinjongo ezingaqhelekanga. Amaqela amaphekula angasebenzisa ii-ICO ukucela imali kubaxhasi, nomqondiso ngokwawo osebenza njengombhali-mthetho wemirhumo yeminikelo. Ukuphikisana noku, abalawuli baye bamisela imithetho engqongqo kwii-ICOS, bafuna abacebisi ukuba babhalise kumagunya eefantaneti, ukuchaza ulwazi lwemali, kunye nesikhokelo se-KYC uvavanyo lwemali kwabangenisi.

IKhomishini yoKhuseleko noBungaphi beZikhundla base-U.S. ithathe inyathelo lokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho unyanzelo oluchasene nemithetho emininzi ye-ICO ephazamisa ukuvaleka kwetyala, imisela imizekelo ethintela ukukhutshelwa kwemali engekho mthethweni. Ngokufanayo, iZibonelelo ze-European Securities kunye ne-Markers Government (ESMA) zinike izilumkiso malunga nomngcipheko wee-ICOS kwaye zimenywa ukuba zinyanzelwe unyango olulungelelaniswayo kumazwe angamalungu. Ngoxa ezi zinyathelo zinokucotha isantya sokusungula, ziyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba iminikelo yemiqondiso ayisetyenziswa njengezithuthi zoncedo zabagrobi.

Uphando Olusemgangathweni

Ukubuyiselwa kuko kukodwa akunakuyicombulula ingxaki; ukuphaphela uluntu nemfundo kukwabalulekile kwisiseko sobuchule obucacileyo. Ngokuxelela abasebenzisi ngeengozi zokutshintshiselana ngokungekho mthethweni, iimpawu ezilumkisayo zokusebenza okungekho mthethweni, nokubaluleka kokuxela isimilo esikrokrelekayo, oorhulumente namaqumrhu oshishino anokukhuthaza ukuphazanyiswa kwemeko yendalo. Amaphulo emfundo ajoliswe kuluntu olungenazikhundla kunye noochwepheshe bezezimali anceda ekukhuliseni impucuko yokuthobela nokungathathi nxaxheba kwiinkqubo zezentengiso zabanqolobi.

Ukongezelela, umanyano phakathi komthetho kunye necandelo labucala luye lwangqineka luphumelela ekuboneni izisongelo ezivelayo. Izihlomelo ezifana neNjongo yeNkcubeko yehlabathi eMasipala ekuququzelelani ubuGqeba, ezidibanisa iinkampani zezemali, kunye namasebe karhulumente, zinika ilungiselelo lokwabelana ngezona ndlela zingcono zonyango kunye nezicombululo ezintsha. Le migudu ibonisa ukuba indlela yokusebenzisana, ukudibanisa ummiselo nemfundo, inokukuphucula ngokuphawulekayo ukuqina kwe-crypto exhathisa ubugrogrisi.

Ucelomngeni Ekufezekiseni Nakunyanzelo

Imali yemfihlo kunye nokungaqondakali- nokusebenzisa ubugcisa

Mhlawumbi eyona ngxaki ibalulekileyo ejongene nabalawuli abalawulayo kukukhula kwemiqathango ejoliswe kwimfihlelo efihlakeleyo enjengeMonero, Zcash, kunye ne-Dash. Ezi ngqekembe zisebenzisa ubuchule obuphambili bokufihla intengiso, kuquka umthumeli, isamkeli, kunye nomthamo, nto leyo ezenza zingabi nakukwazi ukulandelela ukusebenzisa iibloko ezisezantsi ezinokusetyenziswa ngokufihlakeleyo. Amaqela amaphekula aye ajikela kwiimali zemali zangasese ukunqanda ukubhaqwa, ukwenza indawo engabonakaliyo ekunzima ukunikela ngayo ngaphandle kokudiba iimpahla ezisisiseko zezi zixhobo zobugcisa.

Ezinye izikhululo, kuquka iJapan ne-South Korea, ziye zasabela ngokuvalela iingqekembe zemali zobuqu kwintengiso elawulwayo, ngoxa ezinye ziye zamisela iimfuno ezingqongqo zokuxela ukuthengiselana ngezi zinto. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba iingqekembe zemali zobuqu zinokutshintshwa kwiiplatfomu ezifanelekileyo okanye kwiimarike zokuthengisa ngoontanga, ukunyanzelisa, kuhlala kunzima. Abalawuli bahlola ukusetyenziswa kobungqina bolwazi lweziqinisekiso kunye nezinye iindlela zokukhupha imvume ngaphandle kokulalanisa imfihlo yomsebenzisi, kodwa isisombululo esibanzi sisasele sikho.

Ukunyuka kweMali ehlayo (DeFi)

Amaqonga emali akhutshiwe anikela omnye umda wenkxaso yabagrogrisi. Ngokungafaniyo nemithetho yokutshintshiselana ephakathi, iDeFi isebenza ngokwayo, abasebenzisi begcina ugcino lwempahla yabo kunye nokusebenza ngokungqalileyo ngezivumelwano ze-ebs. Esi sakhiwo sikhupha ummeli ukuba iimfuno zesithethe ze-AML/CTF zixhomekeke, zidala umsantsa ekujongeni ulawulo. Abanqongophisi bangasebenzisa amaqonga eDefi ukutshintsha imiqondiso, ukunikezela ngotywala, okanye ukuboleka nxamnye nokubamba kwabo ngaphandle kokuchaza ukuba bazibophelele, ngokunelisa ngemali ngenteleko yenteleko yentengiso yobuxoki.

Abalawuli bayangqubana nendlela yokusebenzisa ulungiso olukhoyo kuDeFi. Abanye bacebisa ukuba ababhekisi phambili okanye abalawuli abasemthethweni be DeFi bafanele bathwale uxanduva lokuthobela, lo gama abanye bephikisana ngokudalwa kweendidi ezintsha zolawulo ngokukhethekileyo kwiinkqubo ezilungeleleneyo. IFATF ikhuphe ukhokelo olucebisa ukuba amaqonga athile anokufaneleka njenge VASP ukuba balawula okanye baphembelela umthetho olandelwayo, kodwa olu toliko luhlala lukhuphisana. Isimo esijikeleza ngokukhawuleza sithetha ukuba nasiphina isisombululo esilawulayo kufuneka sithambe kwaye siphathwele ngobugcisa.

Ukwahlulwa koMthetho kunye noLawulo

Ukunqongophala komthetho omnye womhlaba wonke kubangela amathuba okulawula, apho abadlali abangavumelekanga batyekele kwimithetho elawulayo ngokunyanzelisa okubuthathaka okanye ngokweemfuno eziyekelelayo. I-Crypto-ulawulo lobuhlobo olunjengeMalta, iziQithi zeCayman, kunye nemimandla ethile yoMzantsi-ntshona we-Asia ziye zatsala iintengiso kunye nemali ezisenokungahambelani ngokupheleleyo nemigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe. Ngoxa la mithetho iye yathatha amanyathelo okuqinisa imithetho yabo, isantya sotshintsho esiguquguqukayo, kunye nobuchule bokunyanzelisa isoloko bulinganiselwe.

Ukuthetha ngale nto, iFATF ikhuthaze onke amazwe ukuba aphumeze iingcebiso zayo kwaye aphuhlise "uluhlu olumnyama" lwemithetho engahlanganiyo nemigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe. Noko ke, uluhlu lusebenza kuphela njengokuvuma kwezizwe ngezizwe ukusebenzisa uxinzelelo nokumisela imiyalelo. Ukubhaptizelwa komanyano, uncedo lobugcisa, kunye nezihlomelo zokuthobela ziyimfuneko zonke ukunciphisa ukwahlukana nokuvala izithuba ezisetyenziswa ngabanqolobi.

Indlela Ephambili: Ubugcisa Obufudusayo, Inkqubo kunye nentsebenziswano yomhlaba wonke

Ukukhangela phambili, ummandla wemali othengiselana nentengiso yemali uza kumiswa kukuqhubeka komdlalo phakathi kophuhliso lobugcisa notshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo. Ubuchule (AI) kunye nokufundiswa komatshini kunika izixhobo ezithembisayo zokufumana iipateni ezikrokrelekayo ngexesha lokwenene, uhlalutyo lwenkcazelo enkulu yentengiselwano, kunye nokuxela kwangaphambili izisongelo ezivelayo. Ezi ndlela zobugcisa zinokulwandisa abahlalutyisi babantu zihlale phambi kwegophe njengoko izaphuli-mthetho zivelisa iindlela ezintsha zokubhadula.

Kwangaxeshanye, ukusetyenziswa kwemiqathango yemali ekwimbindi webhanki kunakho ukuguqula amandla emali yabanqolobi. CBDCs, eyintlobo zamanani zemali ekhutshwe kwaye ilawulwe ziibhanki ezisembindini, kuya kuvumela ukulandelelana nokulawulwa okungathethekiyo nokulawulwa kwentengiso yemali. Ngoxa i-CBDCs iphakamisa inkxalabo yangasese, ikwanokuba sixhobo esinamandla sokunyanzelisa umthetho, ibangele ukutyhafa kwempahla kunye nokuvavanywa kwexesha lokwenene lomsebenzi okrokreqiweyo. Ucelomngeni luya kuba kukuyila iinkqubo zeCBDCDC eziphazamisa ulungelelwano olufanelekileyo phakathi kobucala nokhuseleko.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuveliswa kotyalo-mali okuxhaswe kwintsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe kuyimfuneko. Akukho lizwe linye linokucombulula ingxaki yokuxhasa ngemali ngesixhobo sabanqolobi. Iiplatfomu zobulumko ezidityanisiweyo, imikhosi edityanisiweyo yemisebenzi edityanisiweyo, kunye nezivumelwano zoncedo olusemthethweni kufuneka zomelezwe kwaye zandiswe. Icandelo labucala likwanendima ebalulekileyo ekwakheniseni, njengentlawulo, izibonelelo zezikhwakhwa, kunye neenkampani zobugcisa zinobuchule obufunekayo ukuphawula izisongelo. Umanyano lwasekuhlaleni olukhuthaza ukuthembana nokusebenzisa ulwazi olulula luza kuba lubalulekile ekwakheni ulwanelo oluqinileyo, olulungelelanisiweyo.

Isiphelo

Ukulwa nenkxaso-mali yabanqolobi ngemimiselo efihlakeleyo lusukelo oluntsonkothileyo kodwa olunokufumaneka. Ngokudibanisa iimfuno ze-KYC/AML eziqinileyo, i-blokochain eziphambili, intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe, kunye namanyathelo okulawula ukuvela kobugcisa, amagunya angakunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuxhathisa kwezixhobo zeteknoloji ekuxhaseni kwabanqolobi. Umendo ophambili ufuna utshintsho oluqhubekayo, ugcino-mali lwezobugcisa, kunye nozibophelelo oluqinileyo kwintsebenziswano lwehlabathi lonke. Ngoxa izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo namhlanje zinika isiseko esiqinileyo sokukhusela inkqubo yemali kwabo bafuna ukuyisebenzisa kakubi. Ngomgudu oqhubekayo nomanyano olunqamlezileyo, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe lunokuqinisekisa ukuba ugcino-matshini olufihlakeleyo lwezixhobo zezixhobo zezoburhulumente, kunokuba lusebenze njengeenjineli zezixhobo zobugrozi.