Ukwazisa: Amandla Afihlakeleyo Orhwaphilizo

Amaphulo ezobupolitika kunye namaqela anomdla asebenzisa uludwe oluninzi lwezixhobo ukubumba uluvo lukawonke-wonke, kwaye zimbalwa ezithe ngqo njengokhupho. Ngaphandle, zinyanzelisa imibuzo yophando ifana nezinto eziqhelekileyo zophando. Umfono ubuza, "Ngaba ubunokuba mancinane ngakumbi ukuxhasa uCandite Smith ukuba uyazi ukuba wayegwetyelwe ukuqhatha? Imibuzo enjalo, noko, ayiyilwanga ukulinganisa uluvo olu-(" zenzelwe ukuyitshintsha. Ngokungafaniyo nohlolisiso olusemthethweni lwendlela yoluntu olufuna ugcino-lwazi olungachananga, lunyanzelela ngabomfele ngemibuzo engalunganga okanye ulwazi olulahlekisayo lokuguqula iimbono zomvo lwabavo. Ubuchule bengqondo obufakwe kule mibuzo buntsonkothile, nokokuba nempembelelo yophando kwinzululwazi yezobugcisa, yezoqoqosho, yentlalo-ntlalo, kunye nempembelelo yasekuhlaleni. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kuyimfuneko kumntu ozamele aphindiphembele nabani alungele ukumelana neminye ukusetyenziswa kweminye indlela yokukhetha.

Eli nqaku likhupha isiseko sengqondo semibuzo yophando enyanzelisayo, ukuhlolisisa indlela ukuphonononga, ulwimi oluvuselela inkanuko, iingcamango ezigqwethekileyo, kunye nezizathu ezivuselela iimvakalelo ezididayo. Sikwahlola iimpembelelo zehlabathi zokwenene, iimpikiswano zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kunye neengcebiso eziluncedo zokuvuma ukunyanzelisa uphando xa udibana nazo. Ekupheleni, uza kuba nolwazi oluphandleyo ngesizathu sokuba ukunyanzela uphando kusebenze kakuhle kangakanani, kwaye indlela yokuzilinda nxamnye nempembelelo yazo.

Yintoni Ukruthakruthwano Lokurhwaphiliza?

Uphando lorhuqo luluhlobo lokuthumela imiyalezo engalunganga yezobupolitika efihliweyo njengezophando. Uphando lwe-Legitimate luqhutywa ziinkampani zophando olungoogcisayo ukuqokelela ulwazi olungekho mthethweni malunga noluvo lukawonke-wonke. Balandela imithetho engqongqo yendlela yokusebenza: imizekelo engacwangciswanga, amagama ophakamiso abonisa ubundilele, kunye neengxelo ezicace gcabalaleyo. Uhlolo lotshiso, ngokwahlukileyo koko, lusoloko lugunyaziswa ngamaphulo aphikisanayo okanye amaqela anomdla okonakalisa umntlukwano okanye umkhakhakha. Imibuzo iqulethe ulwimi olukhokelayo, izakhiwo ezinganyani, okanye iingxelo ezithenjiweyo ze-"push" xa kuqukunjelwa kwangaphambili.

Igama elithi "push contion" lafumana ingqalelo esasazekileyo ngexesha lomongameli wempukane ka1996, xa abavoti kumaphondo amaninzi abafumana unxulumano becela ukuba bangakuxhasi oko kusemzimbeni uBob Dole ukuba bazi ukuba ubandakanyeke kwilizwe eliphikiswayo. Olu nxulumano luye lwabonisa ukuba unxulumano lwabhatalwa ngabachasi bakaDole. Iindlela ezifanayo zasetyenziswa kwi 2000 South Carolina ephambili, apho abaxhasi bakaGeorge W. Bush noJohn McCain batheza kwizinto ezaziwayo ukuba "zingaqhubiwa ngenkunkuma" ezi zidla ngokunika amahlebezo angachananga." njengangoko uMclietan ebenozala umntwana omnyama ongabangevayo (McClieton') nangona babesele befumene izibakaliso.

Namhlanje, uphando olunyanzelwayo lugwetywa ngokubanzi yimibutho ehlolayo. I-American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) ichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba ukutyhala uhlolo "akukho kuhlolo kwaphela" kunye "nobuchule bemisebenzi eyenzelwe ukuguqula izimvo, hayi ukuzilinganisela.. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba isebenza ngaphandle kwenkqubo eqhelekileyo yokubhengeza ngephulo, inyanzelisa uvavanyo luhlala lukho yaye lungathintelwa kunyulo oluninzi, ingakumbi kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni apho unyanzelo lungalungisi.

Iindlela Zokusebenzisa Ingqondo Kwimibuzo Ebangela Ukubhetyebhetye

Ukuze siqonde isizathu sokuba uphando lunyanzele umsebenzi, kuyimfuneko ukuhlolisisa ubuchule obukhethekileyo bengqondo obusebenzisayo. Icebo ngalinye lihlasela ingqiqo eyahlukileyo okanye indlela engokweemvakalelo, edla ngokusebenza ngaphantsi komlinganiselo wolwazi oluphaphileyo.

1. Iziphumo ezixhobisayo

Ingcamango enika ubuchule, eyaphuhliswa yingcali yengqondo uDaniel Kahneman noAmos Tversky, ibonisa ukuba indlela lo mbuzo obuzwa ngayo ingqwalaselo ephawulekayo isenokuguqula ukhetho neembono zabantu. Uphando lokunyanzela lusebenzisa kakubi ngokubeka imicimbi ngokukhanya okungalunganga okanye okusongelayo. Umzekelo, umbuzo ungaqala nge "unika imposiso yorhoxisa yakutshanje ebandakanya iCandidate Jones..." Le ndlela ivula idla ngokuthatha intlukwano yokucinga ngokonakala kwanokuba ihlazo luncinane okanye lungenazingxengxezo. Isakhiwo ngoko ke sibala yonke into elandelayo yolwazi ephendulayo.

Ukurhweba kunamandla kakhulu xa kungena kwilahleko, enye ingcamango evela kwihambo yezoqoqosho. Abantu bavakalelwa kukuba balahlekelwa kakhulu kuneengenelo ezilinganayo. Uhlolo lokutyhalela ukuba isalatha rekhodi lomntu oza kubhaptizwa ngokwemeko "izithembiso ezingaphumeleliyo" okanye "iirhafu" ibangela isakheko sokulahlekelwa, yenza ukuba umphicothi-nxaxheba akhethe loo mntu. Ngokuchaseneyo, uphando olusemthethweni lungabuza ngokungachananga ngengxelo yomntu ozanywayo ngaphandle kokulaliswa ngokweemvakalelo.

Umzekelo wokwenene wehlabathi: ebudeni bonyulo lomongameli wase-U.S., abavoti beminxeba ejingayo bafumana unxulumano oluthi, "Ngaba ubunokufumana amathuba amancinci okanye angaphantsi okuvotela uMongameli Obama ukuba uyazi ukuba uthathe amawaka ezigidi zeerandi kwiinkqubo zentlalo-ntle ukuze axhase icebo lonyango lwakhe? Umbuzo obethiweyo ukuba u-Obama ngokungekho mthethweni usemthethweni uye wasebenzisa kakubi imali. Ukufakela amawaka ezigidi emalini kwintlalo-ntle""/---*""ukuthatha ama-dolal emali kunye nengozi, ubonakalisa ukuchana kwenyani. Oku akuthethi ukuba uphatho lophatho; asikotho; sisakhiwo esicelelwe ukutyala unxulumano olubi.

2. Ulwimi olunokuthathelwa inxaxheba

Ukhetho lolwimi luyinxalenye engundoqo yokunyanzela uphando. Amagama aneentsingiselo ezibangela iimvakalelo ezithile. Uphando lokutshintshwa ngabom lukhetha amagama aneentsingiselo ezinamandla: "dume," "lie," "liyeza" "eyingozi," "echaseneyo," "utshabalaliso"" la mazwi ashukumisa iziphaluka zemithambo-luvo ezinxulumene noloyiko nomsindo, okwenza ukuba intsabelo ikwazi ukwamkela ukugxekwa okucetyiswayo ngaphandle kokuthandabuza.

Ukongezelela, ulwimi oluvuselela inkanuko luquka oko iingcali zolwimi zikubiza ngokuba "kukubekwa phambili". Umbuzo ofana "Uxhalabele kangakanani ngamaqhina ka-Candidate Brown kwityala lamatyala? Uqikelelo lokuba amaqhina akhona. Lo mntu uphendulayo ucelwa ukuba athethe ngomgangatho wakhe wenkxalabo, angathandabuzi ukuba amaqhina akhona na. Oku kuchubeka kukwenza kube nzima ukuba lowo uphendulayo angavumi ukulwa nombhalo, kuba ukwenza njalo kuza kufuna ukuba balungise ngokukhutheleyo umbuzo, --aaaaamcinezeli ukuba bawuphephe.

Elinye iqhinga kukusetyenziswa "imibuzo e-tag" ekhuthaza isivumelwano. Umzekelo, "Awufuni ukuthelekisa imbali yemeko engalunganga yemali, ubuya kufuna?" Isiphawuli "ungenza uxinzelelo lomgaqo-ntetho ukuphendula "hayi," ukuqinisa udibaniso olungalunganga. Kukutyhilwa okuphindaphindiweyo, ezi ndlela zolwimi zingaguqula imbono yomvosi.

3. Ukungathathi Nto

Uphando loqhushululu lusebenza kakhulu xa umphulaphuli ekholelwa ukuba banenxaxheba kuhlolisiso olusemthethweni. Olu buxoki lobundilele luthoba ukhuseleko lomntu ophendulayo. Ukuba umntu uyazi ukuba lubhengezwa, lubangela ukuba umntu acinge ngokugxeka. Kodwa utheth'ewe "ii-ssurvey" uthetha ukuba umfoti uqokelela nje ulwazi, akazami ukuthengisa into ethile. Lo mahluko kwinjongo eqwalaselweyo uyagxeka.

Oogqirha baqalisa ukutyhalela phambili izikripti zovolo rhoqo ngentshayelelo engobundilele: "Molo, siqhuba uphando lukawonke-wonke malunga nonyulo oluzayo. Ingaba unemizuzu embalwa? Xa umphulaphuli evumayo eqala, imibuzo edidayo ekhatywayo. Ngenxa yokuba umphendulayo sele ebophelele kwintsebenziswano, basenokuqhubeka besebenzisa amagama alahlekisayo afana "/ukwahluka-tshintsha kwendlela yonyawo-mzingomzi ofundwa yizazi ngengqondo. Inkohliso yobundilele ikwakwayimfihlelo yomthombo wobizo. Uphatho lweminxeko lusoloko luhlawulwa yikomiti yezenzo zezobupolitika ezingaziwayo (PAC) ezisebenzisa amagama alahlekisayo afana "Itziblen kaRhulumente," ukwenza kube nzima ukuba oyamkelayo aqonde ingcungqwano.

4. Ukusebenzisa Imilinganiselo yesehlo

Ngaphandle kokuphosa kunye nolwimi, ukutyhala ukucinezela ukuphicotha okuninzi okubhalwe kakuhle. Ezi zinqumlisi zengqondo ziqhele ukuba luncedo ekwenzeni izigqibo ezikhawulezileyo, kodwa zingasetyenziswa kakubi ngabadlali abanobuqhinga.

4.1 Ukuqinisekisa iBias

Utyekelo lokuqinisekisa lutyekelo lokufuna, ukuchaza nokukhumbula ulwazi oluqinisekisa iinkolelo ezikhoyo. Uphando lwezibheno ludla ngokujolisa abavoti abasele bexhomekeke kumntu othile oza kungenela ibhanki. Umbuzo ofana nothi "Ngaba kukwakukho into oyixhalabisayo ukuba u-Almodads uvote ukunyusa irhafu ngoxa usika inkxaso yemfundo? Ingathi ivakala ngamandla kubantu abasoloko bengathembanga uDemocrats. Umbuzo ungqina oko bakulindeleyo kwaye uqinisa ukuba ngabo banepolitiki.

4.2 Ubuchule bokufumaneka

Abantu bagweba ukuba iziganeko ezisekelwe kwindlela elula ngayo engqondweni. Uphando olunyanzelisayo olukhankanya isiganeko esiphawulekayo kodwa esingaqhelekanga lubangela eso siganeko sibe "sengqondweni" umbuzo ngokwanda kwesantya solwaphulo-mthetho olunogonyamelo phantsi komphathi-dolophu wangoku" lungangabi yinyaniso ngokweengxelo, kodwa ukukhankanya nje ulwaphulo-mthetho kwenza ingcamango isoctet. Kamva, xa umvoti ecinga ngomphathi wedolophu, unxibelelwano lolwaphulo-mthetho luzakuba lufikeleleka ngakumbi, kwanokuba lutyalwe ngucingo olunekhethelo.

4.3 Isiphumo Somgquba

Uphando locweyo locweyo lungadala uluvo loninzi. Olunye uhlolo luquka amanqaku afana "noninzi lwabavoti kwisithili sakho abaxhalabileyo malunga neenkcubeko zemali zika-Iadite Lee." Oku kukhuthaza isiphumo se-cwagon: abantu bafuna ukuvumelana noninzi olubonakalayo. Ubungqina obungokwentlalo obuboniswa yingcinezelo yamazwi yokuphendula ukwamkela inkxalabo efanayo, nokuba bebengenaluvo lwangaphambili. Oku kunamandla ngokukhethekileyo kwimijaho ekufuphi apho abavoti-voci benga bathenelwa kwaye bajonge kwabanye abacuciswe.

4.4 Uku-ankila

I-ankile yenzeka xa iceba lokuqala lolwazi libeka indawo yobhekiso-lwazi ukwenzela imigwebo elandelayo. Uhlolo olunyanzelisayo lungamisa uvavanyo lomntu ophendulayo ngokuqala nge "kwisikali ukusuka ku 0 ukuya ku 10, ukuba ukholelwa ukuba i-Candidete Martinez inganyaniseki kangakanani? Nokuba iimpendulo eziphendulayo "0" (inyaniseke ngokupheleleyo), isenzo nje sokucinga ukunganyaniseki siyenza ingasebenzi ingcamango. Naluphi ulwazi olungathathi cala lungathelekiswa ne-ankile yokunganyaniseki. Oku kuchukumiseka kungaguqula isimo sengqondo sonke xa uphendula ngokuphandle.

5. Ukuphenjelelwa ngokweemvakalelo ngoloyiko nangokweqela/Ukungabikho kweqela

Iimvakalelo zisoloko zilugqitha uhlalutyo olusengqiqweni. Uphando olucinezelayo lwenziwe ngenjongo yokuvusa uloyiko, umsindo, okanye ukucaphuka , okanye ukucinywa okunciphisa ukucinga nokuthembela kwimiba enzima. Imibuzo emalunga "nezaphuli-mthetho eziyingozi ezikhutshwa kwangoko" okanye "irhafu yokuxhasa iimali ezingekho mthethweni" ifaka uloyiko olucacileyo lokhuseleko kunye nokuswela kwezibonelelo. Ezi zinto zibangela iimvakalelo zikhuphe iingcinga ezithelekelelo, ezithelekelele, ezithelekeleleyo eziya ngokuqhelekileyo ezinokuthi zikhangele intelekelelo.

Kwiqela/iqela elingaphandle linesixhathiso esinamandla. Umbuzo othi uphahla lotshaba lube "lungafani nathi" okanye "lungadibani nomntu wokwenene wase-Melika" unika ulwazi lwesizwe. Xa abavoti bevakalelwa kukuba iqela labo lisoyikiswe, batsala icebo elichasene nomntu ongaziwayo. Lo buchule busebenza ngakumbi kwimekobume ezicaciswe ngokweentlanga okanye ngokwesithethe.

6. Ubungqina kunye negunya loluntu

Ngamanye amaxesha amaxwebhu okhetho olutshayelela igunya lobuxoki okanye ukuvumelana. Umfonokazi usenokuthi, "Abahlalutyi abazimeleyo bagqibe kwelokuba icebo likaSmith liza kuxabisa amawakawaka emisebenzi. Ngokubhekisa "abahlalutyi abazimeleyo," umbuzo uboleka ukuthembeka kwanokuba uhlalutyo luyilwe. Ngokufanayo, ukhankanya inani elithile labavoti abanoluvo olungalunganga olubangela ubungqina obungentle. Ezi ndlela zisebenzisa kakubi umgaqo wegunya (singqwalasela) kwaye zivumelane (silandela isihlwele), zombini zichazwa nguRobert Cilidhini kwisakhelo sakhe sempembelelo.

Impembelelo Yokungcoliswa Kwentsebenziswano

Xa kusetyenziswa uphando olufanelekileyo, ukutyhalela phambili kunokuba neziphumo eziphawulekayo zehlabathi. Iziphumo zalo zivakala kumgangatho ohlukeneyo: isimo sengqondo sovoti, ingxowa-ndaba, ukuziphatha komvotelwa, neziphumo zonyulo jikelele.

Kwimibhobho

Eyona mpembelelo ithe ngqo ichaphazela kakhulu kumntu ophendulayo. Kwakwiveki ezingaphambi konyulo, umnxeba onyanzelekileyo ungenza uluvo lwevoti ngeepesenti ezininzi, ingakumbi ukuba umba ophantsi-ofice (umzekelo, umvoti akacinganga kakhulu ngayo). Ukuchanabeka okuninzi okuqulukileyo okuchaseneyo. Kwiveki ezingaphambi konyulo, uqhubo oludityanisiweyo olunyanzelekileyo lungafikelela kumashumi amawaka amawaka eewaka evoti, ngalinye lamkela umyalezo owahlukileyo owenziwe kwingini yalo. Uphando lwezopolitiko lubonise ukuba ukutyhalela uvukelo luluncedo kakhulu ekucinezeni ukurhola phantsi komvoti. Ukuba umvoti uva ulwazi olubi ngookanye olubi, bangadideka baze bahlale ekhaya, baphinde bahlale bevane kwicala lonyulo.

Kugqumo lwamajelo eendaba

Uphando lorhuqo lungabumba iingxelo zezixhobo zonxibelelwano. Abacholacholi-ndaba badla ngokulandela uphando loluvo lukawonke-wonke ukuze babonise imeko yohlanga. Ukuba ukutyhalela phambili kuxinzelelo lwenkcitho olungeyoyamvelo, uphando olusemthethweni lungabonisa ukupheliswa kokuba ijelo loqhagamshelwano luchaza njengenyani. Oku kwenza irhintyelo: ukhupho lwemiba yonxibelelwano oluthe lwaphelayo lukhuphisa inkxaso. Ngaphezu koko, intengiso engakhiyo esetyenziswa ukunyanzelela ukhuphiso maxa wambi kwiingxelo zeendaba. Xa isibhengezo siphinda-kaphinda-kaphinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-ngokuba sibhengezwe ngeminxelo-chana-ne--neyo-neyo--ukuyiphatha njenge "into ethethwa ngabantu" kwaye igqubulisa njengeli-ncopho olusemthethweni.

Kwizikolo

Abaqhubi abajoliswe ekuqhutyweni ngokunyanzelwa basenokuziva benyanzelekile ukuba baphendule ekuhleni, nto leyo enika intelekelelo engalunganga ingqalelo engakumbi. Kwezinye iimeko, iphulo kufuneka lichithe ixesha elixabisekileyo kunye nobuncwane obulahla ubuxoki, kunokukhuthaza umyalezo wabo olungileyo. Oku kukhusela kungaliphelisa iphulo kwaye kubangele "ukutyhafaza, ukulahlwa ukuba awukwenzi" umzekelo: kungazihoyi zizinto zenziwa zisasaze, okanye zithi bhekise kuzo, okanye zithi bhekise kuzo.

Kwinkqubela Yedemokhrasi

Isiphumo esinyuselayo sophando olunyanzelwayo kukuthotywa kwengqibelelo yokhetho. Abalawuli baba ngabagxeki nabangathembiyo ngazo zonke iimbono zobupolitika, kuquka nohlolisiso olusemthethweni. Oku kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuba abaphandi boluvo lokwenyaniso bafumane ugcino-lwazi oluchanileyo, njengoko amaqondo eempendulo ehla. Ngaphezu koko, banyanzelisa uphando olucutha ubunjani bentetho yedemokhrasi ngokutshintsha ingxoxo ngokuphengulula iimvakalelo. Xa icandelo elibalulekileyo leembono zomvolo osekelwe kwinkohliso eveliswe, unyulo alusenakubonisi ubuchule bolwazi lwabantu.

Inkxalabo Esemthethweni NeyobuGcisa

Uphando lophulo-goqo lukhona kummandla ongwevu womthetho wezemali wephulo. EUnited States, iKhomishini yoNqumlo-ntle (FeC) ayilawuli ukucinezelwa njengo "uxinzelelo lobugqhinga" ngaphandle kokuba bathi ngokucacileyo "uthotho lwetyala" okanye "lokuchasa" umbhaptizi. Ngenxa yokuba ukunyanzela uphangelo kubekwe kubekwe kumagama njengemibuzo kunokunconywa ngqo okanye ukuhlaselwa, kusoloko kukhutshwa iimfuno zokutyhilwa. Noko ke, amanye amazwe anemithetho efuna ukuba abafowuli bafumane into ebhatalwayo. Ukubhatatyiswa komsholo kunqanqanqabileyo ngenxa yokubekwa kolawulo olulinganiselweyo.

Ngokuthe ngqo, lo mkhwa ugwetywa yiyo yonke imibutho emikhulu yophando. I-AAPOR’s Code of Ethics ithi abaphandi bafanele "bangazi ukuba baziphethe okanye baxhase naluphi na uhlolisiso oluyilelwe ukulahlekisa abaphendulayo okanye olumelwe luhlolisiso olusemthethweni kodwa luyinyani kwicebo okanye ubuchule bokuphembelela. Ngokunjalo, i-American Marking Association iyakwalela ukusetyenziswa "ukukhangela phantsi komthunzi wokuthengisa". Ngaphandle koko, ukunyanzela oku, kunyanzelela ukuphengulula ngenxa yokuba kusoloko kuqhutywa ngamagosa ezobupolitika kunokuba abaphengululi abangochwepheshe, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwemigunyazana kukwenza kube nzima ukuphendula.

Kwamanye amazwe, uphando lokunyanzela alukho semthethweni. Umzekelo, i-United Kingdom’s Market Research Society, ilwahlula ngokucacileyo uphando lwentengiso kwintengiso kunye nephulo lezobupolitika. UMthetho weKhanada woMgaqo-nkqubo wokwazisa uthintela ukupapashwa kweengxelo zobuxoki ngomvoteli, kwaye umnxeba onokuthi ngabom abaqhathe ngokukhohliselwa kwintengo okanye entolongweni. Noko ke, ukunyanzelisa kusoloko kuphetshwa kuba zihleli kancinane kwaye zijongelwe phantsi.

Indlela Yokubona Nokuxhathisa Iimpembelelo Ezibi

Ukukhusela uphando olunyanzelwayo kuqala ngolwazi. Nawa amanyathelo asebenzisekayo okuzichaza nokukhusela imbono yakho:

  • luphulaphule ulwimi olukhokelayo: Ukuba umbuzo uqulathe amagama adidayo afana "i-corrupt," "imposiso," okanye "ingozi," luxanduva lokunyanzela. Uphando lomthetho lusebenzisa amagama angekho mgaqweni njenge "aproject/diaset" okanye "rect/test" ngaphandle kwethsuphelo.
  • [[NTL: 0] Icebo lokuchaza: zibuze ukuba i "isenzo" enikelwe kumbuzo yinyani. Uhlolo lorhuqo lusoloko luquka iintelekelelo zobuxoki okanye ezingavunywanga. Ukuba uva isityholo esingqalileyo ongasivanga ezindabeni, yiba ngophaphelo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ichaza imvelaphi: Ekupheleni kohlolo olusemthethweni, umfonokazi uzakusoloko etyhila umbutho oxhasayo. Abafowunikazi bomfono-mfono-mfono badla ngokungafuni ukuchaza ukuba ngubani ohlawulela ubizo, okanye banika igama elimfiliba, elilahlekisayo. Ukuba umfowuni akanako ukunikezela ngenkcazelo ecacileyo exhasayo, yiflegi ebomvu.
  • [[NTL: 0] Khupha ubude nesandi: Uvolo lweLegitimate luqheleke ngokwe 10-15 imizuzu kwaye luphephe okuqulathiweyo okuphinda-phindiweyo okungalunganga. Uphotho lorhuqo lusoloko lumfutshane (imizuzu engama-3-5) kunye nehamile kumxholo omnye ongalunganga.
  • uphakanyiswe ukuba uvile ukusetyenziswa kwemali: Awunambopheleleko yokugqiba uvolo lokutyhalela. "Andinamdla" okanye umbuzo othe ngqo ofana "Lo ngumhla wohlolo olunyanzelisayo" oza kukukhulula. Okanye, ungacela imali yemali yesehlo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umkhosi unyanisekile.

Kumgangatho obanzi, imfundo yokufunda nokubhala yoondaba inganciphisa iziphumo zophando lokunyanzelisa. Ukuqonda iindlela zengqondo ezichazwe kweli nqaku ``````akhi''''. Xa abavoti beqonda ukuba umbuzo wenzelwe ukusebenzisa icebo kunokuba balinganise, bangakhetha ngokuphandle ukugatya umyalezo oqulunqweyo. Ngaphezu koko, imibutho ekhangela inyani ingakhangela kwaye inyanzelise amaphulo okuhlola, inciphise impembelelo yayo ngokubhenca iqhinga.

Isiphelo: Ulwazi Lungumsindisi

Uphando olucinezelayo luyimeko ephazamisayo yonyulo lwangoku kuba lusebenzisa ubuqhetseba bengqondo ngeli xesha luzimilisa njengengqokelela yogcino-lwazi lobundilele. Amandla alo asuka kwisibakala sokuba inkoliso yabantu ingalindeli ukuba isetyenziswe ngumbuzo olula. Ngokuqonda iindlela zengqondo ezibangela imibuzo yokuhlola impembelelo yokuphembelela, iziphumo ezivuselela ingcinga, inkohliso yobundiliseko, iimvakalelo, kunye nobungqina obungokwentlalo lungakholelekiyo ukubonakalisa ukuqonda unxibelelwano lwezopolitiko.

Ukhuseleko olungcono ludityaniswe kukuthandabuza nolwazi. Xa uva umbuzo oziva uthwele, nqumama. Qwalasela imvelaphi. Qinisekisa intsingiselo. Uze ukhumbule: uphando olusemthethweni lufuna uluvo lwakho olunyanisekileyo; uphando olunyanzelekileyo lufuna ukuthobela kwakho. Ngokulola ubuchule bakho bokwahlula phakathi kwezimbini, awukhuseli nje kuphela ukwenza isigqibo sakho kodwa kwakhona unceda ukulondoloza ingqibelelo yengcinga yolawulo-demokhrasi.

Ukuqhubeka ufundo ngentsebenziswano yengqondo ekuvotelweni, jonga kwi Ikhowudi yemithetho yokuziphatha kunye Iziko lophando lobuPhindo olukwiziko lophando olukwindlela yophando[. Abo banomdla kwisiseko somthetho bangahlola [[[FLT:]] [FLT]] FEC imimiselo yemimiselo yentsebenziswano .