Ukwazisa

Umiselo lolawulo lweziko lwemithetho yale mihla, ukulungiselela imigaqo ebumba indlela abantu ngabanye, imibutho, kunye nemibutho esebenza ngayo phakathi kwebutho labantu. Enoba kukhuselwa, kuthengiso lwezemali, impilo-ntle yoluntu, okanye kulwalamano lomsebenzi, ezi zicwangciso zimisela imida, zichaza ubuchule, zize zimisele ubuchule bokuphendula. Ukwenziwa kwemithetho esebenzayo akuyonkqubo elula ekulungiseni ulawulo, kufuneka ukulungelelanisa okunzulu icandelo, ukuxhathisa imfuno yenkxaso, kunye nokuzibophelela ekuvumelaneni. Eli nqaku lihlola izinto ezingundoqo zeplanga, linikela ukhokelo olusebenzisekayo lokuziyila, kwaye lihlolisisa imizekelo yokwenene yehlabathi ebonisa impumelelo kunye nezifundo ezifundwayo.

Ukuqonda imisebenzi yesakhelo sokubuyisela ulawulo

Ucwangciso lolawulo yinkqubo ebanzi yemithetho, imigaqo, iinkqubo, kunye nobuchule bokunyanzelisa okulawula ukuziphatha kwezinto kunye nabantu abakwindawo ethile. Ezi zicwangciso azimi ndawonye; ziyaguquka ziphendule iinguqu zentlalo, zezoqoqosho, kunye nobugcisa. Embindini, iziko lolawulo lunenjongo yokudibanisa izenzo zabucala kunye nemilinganiselo yoluntu efana nobulungisa, ukhuseleko, ukubonakala, nokuzinziswa.

Umlinganiselo wemithetho yesiseko somgaqo-siseko wolawulo ungasuka kwikhowudi enye yoshishino lwehambo ukuya kwisivumelwano esiphindiweyo. Umzekelo, ulawulo lwemimiselo yentengiso ye-intengiso ilawula yonke into ukusuka kwimfuno zenkcazelo ukuya kwikomkhulu le-dekhrasi, lo gama imimiselo yezimfako imisela imida kunye nemigangatho yolawulo lwenkunkuma. Ukuqonda umongo apho isakhiwo sisebenza ngokubalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yaso. Isakhiwo esisesona silungele ukuthobela, sinciphisa i-dibeglasi, inciphisa i-skiefile, kwaye inciphisa iziphumo ezingeyo.

Isizathu Sokuba Imisebenzi Yokulawula Ibe Yingxaki

Ucwangciso lolawulo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulondolozeni ucwangco nokukhuthaza intlalo-ntle yoluntu.

  • [[NTLA:0] Ukhuseleko loMdla woLuntu: ngokumisela imilinganiselo encinci yokhuseleko, ubunjani, nokusesikweni, ulawulo lwezakhiwo ezikhusela abathengi, abasebenzi, kunye noluntu kwingozi. Umzekelo, imithetho yokhuseleko lokutya ithintela ukungcoliswa nokuqhatha, ngelixesha imithetho yokhuseleko emsebenzini inciphisa iingozi.
  • Ukhuphiswano olulungileyo: Imithetho ecacileyo nenyanzeliswe ngokufanelekileyo ithintela ukuziphatha kobupolitika obubodwa, ukulungisa amaxabiso, kunye nezenzo zoburhalarhume. Oku kwenza ibala lokudlala umgangatho apho ulwakhiwo kunye nokuphumelela kuvuzwa khona kunokurhweba.
  • Imithetho enika ingxelo: yenza abantu kunye nemibutho iphendule ngezenzo zabo. Enoba ngemfuno ezifunekayo, iimbopheleleko zokunika ingxelo, okanye izigwebo zokungagqibeki, iinkqubo zokuziphendulela zikhulisa ukuthemba kwiimarike nakumaziko.
  • Ukukhula kwezoqoqosho: kokusingqongileyo okuxelwe kwangaphambili kunciphisa ukungaqiniseki, kuthoba indleko yekomkhulu, kwaye kukhuthaza utyalo-mali lwexesha elide. Amashishini asebenza kakuhle xa esazi ukuba imithetho ayinakutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukungaguquguquki: kwiindawo ezinjengempilo kawonke-wonke, amalungelo emisebenzi, kunye nokhuseleko lwemekobume, ukulungelelaniswa komthetho kunceda ekuthinteleni umngcipheko kunye nokunciphisa ungquzulwano, nto leyo enegalelo kwibutho labantu elizinzileyo nelinobulungisa.

Amalungu eqela lemisebenzi yesakhelo sokulawula esebenzayo

Ukusebenza, ucwangciso lolawulo kufuneka luqulathe izinto ezithile ezibalulekileyo. Ngeli xesha iimpawu ezithile zihlukeneyo ngokwecandelo nangolawulo, la malungu alandelayo asebenza ngokubanzi:

Izinto ezicacileyo nezinokulinganiswa

Wonke umthetho kufuneka uqale ngengxelo ecacileyo yoko iceba ukukufeza. Iinjongo ezifana “nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko” azinele; endaweni yoko, iinjongo kufuneka zibe zicacile, zinokufumaneka, zifaneleke, kwaye zifakelwe ixesha. Umzekelo, isiseko sokhuseleko logcino-lwazi olubonakalayo [[FLT: 0] lungamisela injongo yokunciphisa ulwaphuko logcino-lwazi nge 30% kwiminyaka emithathu. Uyilo lwenjongo ezicacileyo zolawulo, ukulungelelanisa, ukuqinisekisa, nokuvumela ukuhlolwa kwenjongo yovavanyo kamva.

Ubandakanyeko lwabathathi-nxaxheba novavanyo

Imithetho ephuhliswa ngokuzimela ngokwahlukileyo isoloko ijongene nokuchasana okanye ivelise iziphumo ezingacwangciswanga. Isiseko esinentsingiselo sibandakanya ukuthembisana okunentsingiselo nawo onke amaqela achaphazelekayo: abameli bamashishini, abaxhasi bemfundo, iingcali zemfundo, amaqela oluntu, kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente. Isivumelwano singathatha uhlobo lwamagqabaza kawonke-wonke-wonke, iikomiti ezijikelezayo, ii-accomplate, kunye novavanyo lomqhubi-moya. Xa abafaki-mathingi beva, batyekele ngakumbi ukuthobela imimiselo, namathuba amancinane okucel ’ ukuvavanya. EOCD] i-Regatigate Calcoliccom Ob [[FLT] [[FLT]]]] inikela ukhokelo olubanzi kwimiqatha lwemiqatha yemiqatha yomthetho enziwe kwimibango yomthetho.

Ukubonakala kunye nokuFikeleleka

Imithetho kufuneka ichazwe ngolwimi olucacileyo kwaye ifumaneke lula kwabo kufuneka bathobele. Ukuzithethelela kubangela ukudideka nokungahambelani. Imibhalo epapashiweyo yomthetho, izikhokelo ezicacisayo, kunye nokuthobela uluhlu lweewebhsayithi zikawonke-wonke, kunye nokunika iiseshoni zoqeqesho, kubalulekile. Ukucaca gca kwakhona kukwandiswa kwinkqubo yokumisela imithetho ngokwayo: isizathu sokuba kucetyiswe umthetho, okobuphi ubungqina obukhoyo, nendlela oza kugcinwa ngayo.

Ukulungelelaniswa Nokuzivumelanisa

Akukho myalelo ungabona kwangaphambili yonke imo yexesha elizayo. Izixhobo ezisebenzayo zibandakanya uhlolo kunye nokuzihlaziya. Imiqathango emiselwe ilanga, imijikelo enyanzelekileyo, kunye nemimiselo yokwenza ulawulo longxamiseko ivumela abalawuli ukuba baphendule ulwazi olutsha, amaqondo obugcisa, okanye utshintsho lwentengiso. Umzekelo, imimiselo kwi ezizimeleyo ifuna uhlaziyo rhoqo njengoko ubugcisa buguquka.

Ukusetyenziswa Kwamandla

Imithetho enganyanzelisiyo ziingcebiso nje. Ucwangciso olunamandla luquka iinkqubo zokuhlola, ukuhlolwa, ukunikela ingxelo, kunye noluhlu lwezigwebo ezihambelana nolwaphuko. Ukunyanzeliswa kufuneka kungaguquguquki, kungabi namkhethe, kwaye kube nokubonakala. Ityala lingaquka intelekelelo, ukukhutshwa kwephepha-mvume, ukukhalinyelwa kwasesidlangalaleni, okanye ukutshutshiswa kwemiqathango. Ukuthembeka kwayo yonke inkqubo yokunyanzelisa.

Ubungqina ▫ Indlela Eyayilwe Ngayo

Izigqibo zolawulo kufuneka zibekwe kugcino-lwazi olungqongqo, uhlolo lomngcipheko, kunye nohlalutyo lwexabiso. Phambi kokuba bamkele umthetho, abalawuli kufuneka bavavanye iziphumo ezinokwenzeka zeziphumo ezinokwenzeka, kwaye bayithelekise nezinye iindlela zokufikelela. Umzekelo, kunokuyivala nje into, risk6209 esekelwe kwisiseko sokwakheka okumiselweyo [ kungamisela imida evumelekileyo yokwambulelwa okusekelwe kubungqina benzululwazi. Ubungqina obusekelwe kwingqikelelo-```''''''''''''' ukwandisa ubuchule nokusebenza kwemimiselo.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo somthetho wobuqhetseba

Ukuphuhlisa ulungelelwaniso oluphezulu lwemigaqo-nkqubo kufuneka kwenziwe ngendlela elungeleleneyo. Olu qheliselo lulandelayo lulandelayo, olufunyenwe kumava omhlaba wonke, lunganceda abaphuhlisi benkqubo kunye noochwepheshe bolawulo oluyilweyo ukuba lusebenze.

Yenza Uphando Olucokisekileyo Ngemibhalo

Ukuqonda ingxaki ethile yemarike, ushishino, okanye yentlalo sisiseko somgaqo osebenzayo. Oku kuquka ukuhlalutya uqheliselo lwangoku, ukuchonga okanye ukungaphumeleli, ukuqwalasela imimiselo ekhoyo, kunye nokuzoba izilangazelelo kunye namandla abo bafaka iingxelo. Uphando kufuneka lube loluyalelo phakathi, olubandakanya imbono yezoqoqosho, engokwasemthethweni, yentlalo, neyobugcisa. Ugcino-lwazi lokuqala (olufana nohlolo, udliwano-ndlebe, okanye uphando-moya) lwanelisa izithuba apho amanani asemthethweni anqongophele khona.

Uphawu oluchasene nemodeli zokukhokela

Akukho mlawuli ufuna ukuphinda angene kwivili. Ukufunda ngempumelelo izakhiwo kumaqela afanayo okanye ulawulo lunganika isikhokelo esingqinisiweyo. Umzekelo, amazwe amaninzi aye azoba kwi ye-Eupan Union ye-Union yoKhuselo jikelele logcino-lwazi (GDPR) njengemodeli yomthetho wemfihlo. I-Benkchar mayingabi yikopi ye-10 e-paste; kunoko, kufuneka iphawule imisebenzi engcono enokulungiselwa kwimo-mmo yasekuhlaleni.

Sebenzisa Iinkqubo zesikhokelo kunye neebhokisi zolawulo

Phambi kokuphunyezwa kwesikali esigcweleyo, uvavanyo lwemimiselo ecetyiweyo kwindawo engqongileyo lungaveza iingxaki ezingabonwanga kwangaphambili. Iibhokisi zokulawula zixhaphakile kubugcisa bemali ukuvumela abavelisi beemveliso phantsi kwemithetho ekhululekileyo xa bekhusela abathengi. Ngokufanayo, iinkqubo zenqwelo-moya zonyango, inkqubo yemeko-bume, okanye imfundo zingavelisa ugcino-lwazi lwehlabathi lokwenene lwemali ngokuthobela, ukuphumelela, kunye neziphumo ezisecaleni ezingacwangciswanga.

Ukucinywa kwempembelelo engaphakathi

Uhlolo lwempembelelo yomthetho (RIA) yinkqubo elungelelanisiweyo evavanya iindleko ezilindelekileyo, iingenelo, kunye neziphumo zokusasazwa komthetho ocetyiswayo. I-RIA kufuneka iqhutywe kwangoko kwaye ihlaziywe njengoko umthetho uguquka. Oorhulumente abaninzi bafuna i-RIA ukwenzela imimiselo emikhulu, besenza uhlalutyo lubekho ekuhleni. Oku akulungisi nje kuphela isigqibo . Ukwenza kodwa kwakha ukuthemba uluntu. IBHANGELE YEZWE LOLUNTU] IMISEBHALELO-MALI ELULEYO [ inika imizekelo yemimiselo ye-RIA enokuthi ilungiswe kusenzelwa imisebenzi eyahlukene.

Uyilo lokuvelisa

Umlinganiselo kufuneka ulungelelaniswe kumngcipheko okanye ingxaki oya kuyo. Ukuthwalisa amashishini amancinane ngemfuno ezifanayo nezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe kungathintela ukhuphiswano ngaphandle kofumana ukhuseleko oluninzi. Indlela yolungelelwaniso isenokuquka iimfanelo zokuthobela ezilandelelanayo, ukungahlawuli kwimisebenzi esezantsi, okanye ukuzikhulula kokhetho lwezinto ezikhoyo ezincinane. Ukwehlisa kugcina umgangatho ophezulu ngelixa unciphisa umthwalo ongeyo.

Isithethe Soququzelo

Ukuhlakulela inkcubeko apho imibutho nabantu ngabanye bejonga imimiselo njengenemiphumo efanelekileyo neyingenelo. Oku kunokufunyanwa ngemfundo, izikhuthazo (njengokuncitshiswa kwezihlandlo zokuhlola abadlali abalungileyo), iinkqubo zokwazisa, kunye nonxulumano olunxulumene neenkampani. Ukuthobela imithetho kunciphisa imfuneko yokunyanzelisa

Zimisele Ngokucacileyo Iindima Zeziko

Ulawulo olugunyazisa ulawulo lukhokelela kwizithuba okanye kwizithuba. Ucwangciso kufuneka luchaze ukuba ngowuphi umbutho ojongene nomthetho, wuphi umsebenzi, kwaye yeyiphi ulawulo. Imigca ecacileyo yokuphendula ityala ithintela “ukudlula i-gaske.” Ukuba amaqumrhu amaninzi abandakanyekile, asebenzisana, asebenzisanayo, amaqela adibeneyo, okanye ugcino-lwazi olunqamlezayo oludibanisayo olunolwahlulo.

Uphuhliso loMthetho weSizwe

Nangona beyilwe ngobuchule, abalawuli basoloko bejongene nemiqobo emikhulu. Ukubona ezi ngxaki linyathelo lokuqala lokuzilungisa.

Ukuxhathisa nokubanjwa kolawulo

Abadlali abanamandla bangamelana nemimiselo esongela izilangazelelo zabo, ngokusebenzisa amaphulo okubhenela, amaphulo oluntu, okanye amaphulo onxibelelwano lukawonke-wonke ukuze bonakalise okanye athintele imithetho ethintelayo. Kwezinye iimeko, amaqumrhu olawulo ngokwawo angabekwa “kwinjongo” yimizi-mveliso amiselwe ukuyilawula. Ukulwa ezi nkcitho, ukubonakala, inxaxheba yoluntu, kunye nokuzimela okuzimeleyo kubalulekile. Ukwakha imibutho ebanzi yokuxhasa u-$(ukuquka amaqela abathengi, amaqela emfundo, kunye namajelo-"acan's akwayalela impembelelo engafanelekanga.

Uqhagamshelwano oluntsonkothileyo nokudibana

Imibandela yomthetho yale mihla inqabile ukuba ibe yeyodwa. Umthetho wokwenza imichiza uchaphazela ukhuseleko lwabenzi bemichiza, ukukhutshwa kwemekobume, ityala lemveliso, kunye norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuxela kwangaphambili yonke imiphumo. Abalawuli kufuneka bamkele iinkqubo zokucinga, basebenzise uhlalutyo lwezibonelo, kwaye baquke inkqubo yokubhetyebhetyebhetye ukuze imithetho ilungiswe xa kuvela iziganeko ezingalindelekilenga.

Izilondolozi Zikavimba

Amaziko alawulayo asoloko esebenza ngoqingqo-mali olulinganiselweyo, abasebenzi, kunye nobuchule bobugcisa. Oku kuthintela ubuchule bawo bokuqhuba uphando olucokisekileyo, ukudibanisa abangenisi bemithetho ngokunentsingiselo, okanye ukunyanzelisa imithetho engaguqukiyo. Ubugcisa bokunika intsebenziswano ngokuqhubekayo. "njengenkqubo yokunika ingxelo ezenzekelayo, ugcino-lwazi lokuhlola okusekelwe kwi-intanethi, kunye nee-intanethi zokubonisana ngekhompyutha. /_iiinqanawa ezisebenzisa iyunithi, iingeniso ezingayi-66, kunye noshishino-mveliso ziyakwazi ukunikezela ngenkxaso ye-1961.

Utshintsho Lobugcisa Nezentlalo

Isantya sotshintsho, ingakumbi kumanani kunye nebhayolojitevorys, zingayikhupha inkqubo yokubuyisela ulawulo. Ngexesha umthetho umisiweyo, usenokuba sele uphelelwe lixesha. umgaqo owenziweyo yindlela entsha egxininisa ukubekwa komthetho, intsebenziswano kunye neinnovator, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesantilitio. Enye impendulo ingu “umgaqo wesicwangciso sobugqeba,” obandakanya ukusasazamiso kunye nokulungisa isakhiwo sexesha elizayo. Netra inikeza iiprojekthi ezisebenzayo. [FLT:]

Ukungakwazi Ukulawula Kwezobupolitika Nokungalawuleki Okufutshane Kwezizwe

Ulawulo olusindileyo lwemijikelo emininzi yezobupolitika lufuna ugcino-lwazi. Xa oorhulumente betshintsha, imimiselo ingatshintshwa okanye ishiywe, kuvezwe ukungaqiniseki. Ukukhuthaza ukuzinziswa, izakhiwo kufuneka zisekelwe kumthetho kunokuba zisekelwe kwimiyalelo yegunya, ixhaswe kukudibana okubanzi nokuvumelana noluntu, kwaye idityaniswe kwizivumelwano okanye imilinganiselo yezizwe ngezizwe enzima ukutshintsha.

Uphando lwemisebenzi yesakhelo sokulawula esebenzayo

Ukuhlolisisa imizekelo yehlabathi ephumeleleyo 2016 kunceda ekuguquleni ingcamango ekuyisebenziseni. Ngezantsi kukho iinkalo ezintathu ezibonisa iinxalenye nezenzo eziye zaxutyushwa.

Imithetho Yokusingqongileyo Kumanyano LwaseYurophu

Isiseko solawulo lwemekobume ye-EU siphakathi kwesona sibanzi ehlabathini. Imbombo yi- ye-Eupan Green Deal, emisela amaxhoba amabhongo obundidi bekharbon ngo-2050. Ngaphantsi kwemiqathango yemigaqo epheleleyo yomgangatho womoya, ulawulo lwamanzi, ukuncitshiswa kwenkunkuma, nezinto eziphilayo. Isakhiwo sokwakha sisebenzisa intlalo yemida, i-Plamente esekelwe kwimakene (njengokuba i-Tracstating Sy System), kwaye sibophelele amalungu e-intebopheleleni. Okusenza ukuba iphumelele kulwanempumelelo kulwakhiwo lwezakhiwo [[FLT:] oluqinileyonke] ngexesha lokukhutshwa kobuxhaka kwezoqoqosho. [FFLT:3]: i-Palament, i-Palament, kunye neNkupho yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla ye-Europe.[5]

UMthetho we-Dodd76Frank eUnited States

Ekuphenduleni kwingxaki yemali yowama-2008, i-United States yamisa iDodd frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. Oku kulawula okubanzi kwezithuba ezithe ngqo ekujongeni izimali, kuquka > umngcipheko wenkqubo, imveliso yorhwebo, ukhuseleko lomthengi, kunye nembuyiselo yegunya. Amalungu angundoqo aquka ukudalwa kweBhunga [[FLT: 0]] lokuTyelela ukuThintelwa kwemali [[[FLT]] [[FLT3]] [predreat , [FFFF:]] [5]] ukufumanisa ukuvela kweminye iingsongo, uMthetho wokuthengiselwano worhwebo, kunye nenkcinelo olutheneyo yezelelweyo. [5] [iindawo edityaniswe kakhulu yolwazi oluthe k'uncedo lolwazi oluthe kka kuvavanyo oluthe kratya, kunye noluvoluvolukuvavanywa kwemeko loburhulumente.[Fog.[5]

Ukulawula Icuba EOstreliya

Isiseko seAustralia sokulawula icuba sijongwa ngokubanzi njengomgangatho wegolide emhlabeni wonke. Inkqubo yeflegi ingu echazayo ipakethe yemveliso yecuba, eyaqaliswa ngo-2012, eyasuswayo, imibala, nelogos, yaza yazibuyisela nezilumkiso zezonyango. Oku kwaxhaswa ngemimiselo ebanzi yemilinganiselo: irhafu, izibhengezo, ukuvalwa kwezithuba zikawonke-wonke, kunye nemibutho yezoshishino yezoshishino. Umiselo lwakhiwa kuxhotyiso lwezoshishino lwezoshishino olusekelwe kwi olucekelwe yiprojeksi echuliweyo [[FLT] kunye nolawulo lwezorhwebo loburhulumente olunamandla] kunye nokuchasana kweziphumo zoburhulumente. [ii-2004]

Isiphelo

Imigaqo esebenzayo ibalulekile ukuze kubekho ulawulo olulungileyo. Ikhusela uluntu, ikhuthaza ukungabikho kobulungisa, yenza ukuba kubekho ukukhula kwezoqoqosho, kwaye ilungelelanisa ukutshintsha. Ukwenza ucwangciso olunjalo kufuna okungaphezulu kunemithetho yokuyila; kufuna iinjongo ezicacileyo, eziququzelela, ezicacileyo, ukubonakala, ukunyameka, kunye nesiseko esisebubungqinani. Abalawuli kufuneka bakhangele baze balwe neziphendulo ezifana nengcinezelo yezobupolitika, ukuntsonkotha, ukutshintsha kwemiqathango, ukutshintsha kwezibonelelo, izibonelelo zoovimba bemali, kunye nokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ngokufunda kwiimeko eziphumelelayo zemeko-ntle ze-eUC, ngokufunda ngomthetho wemeko-meyo yokulawula icuba, ukulawula nokulungisa intlalo-ntle, nokulungisa, ukuqulungela inkcelo oluqhubekekayo.