Imithetho yendlela ibalulekile ekulondolozeni ucwangco nokhuseleko kweendlela zethu. Yenzelwe ukukhusela abaqhubi kunye nabahamba ngenqwelo-moya, iqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu angahamba ezitratweni ngentembelo. Ukuqonda le mithetho kubalulekile kuwo onke amalungu oluntu. Nangona uninzi luyijonga imigaqo yezithuthi njengemiqathango, eneneni isiseko senkululeko, [[FLT:] ngaphezu kwabantu abazizi-2000 abafa kwinqwelo-mafutha [22], kwaye ngempumelelo. Ezi ntlekele ezininzi zinokuhlala zingunobangela ophambili wokufa, ingakumbi kubantu abaselula. Ngokwemithetho ye-National Highway Tray Traffawey Ulawulo lokhuseleko (NTSA), imimiselo yezenyuko, [[FLT:] abantu abangaphezulu be-42,2, 000 000 000 abafe kwingozi yemoto eqhutywayotshini ekwi-20222,[FLT].. Ezininzi zezi ntlekele zinokuthintela ngokusetyenziswa kwemithetho yemibutho, imimiselo yezentenxa yokhuseleko.

Ukubaluleka Kwemithetho Yendlela

Imithetho yendlela isebenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo engaphaya komthetho oqhelekileyo. Ingumqolo wenkqubo yezithuthi ezilungelelanisiweyo. Ngaphandle kwayo, iindlela zingahla zinxunguphale, nomqhubi ngamnye, nomqhubi ngamnye, nomqhubi webhayisikile, nabahamba ngeenyawo abashiywe befuna ukuthelekelela iinjongo zabanye. Imithetho eqinisekisiweyo inciphisa ixhala, ikhusela ingxabano, isindisa ubomi. Iinzuzo zemithetho yendlela ziquka:

  • Iingozi ezincitshisiweyo: Ngokulawula isantya, ukusetyenziswa kwendlela, nokudlula, imithetho yendlela inceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wongqubano. Umzekelo, iInishuwarensi Institute for Highway Safety (IIIHS) ibonise ukuba ukunciphisa isantya esiphakathi kungawanciphisa amaqondo okufa kwengozi angaphezulu kwe 20% .
  • [[NTL:0] Ukukhusela Abasebenzisi Bendlela Engalawulekiyo: Imithetho isendaweni yokukhusela abahamba ngezinyawo, abakhweli beebhayisekile, nabaqhushumbisi bemoto abasengozini yokungxwelerheka. Imithetho yokunqamleza, iimfuno zentloko-ntloko, kunye nemijelo yebhayisekile eyahlukeneyo yonke yenzelwe ukukhusela la maqela kwingozi.
  • Ukuhamba okuzingisileyo komsinga wohambo: ngokufanelekileyo kwimiqondiso yetrafiki kunye nemiqondiso iqinisekisa intshukumo etyibilikayo yetrafiki. Xa abaqhubi behlonela imithetho ehambayo yasekunene, ukumiliselwa kwenqanawa, ukuncipha, amaxesha okuhamba athe ngqo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepetroli kuyancipha.
  • Imithetho ethintela ukungakhathali, njengokuqhuba phantsi kwempembelelo okanye ukuqhuba okuphazamisekileyo. Isisongelo semali, imvume yokukhupha izithuba, okanye ixesha lasentolongweni libangela intshukumisa enamandla yokuba abantu bahlale bejolise ingqondo kwaye beqalile emva kokuqhuba.
  • Ibeka imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ngaphaya kwemiqathango: Ngelixesha kukho umahluko wasekuhlaleni, iseti yemithetho eqhelekileyo (njengeTreamon on Fractal Amacebo oLawulo loThambelo lwenqanawa e-U.S.) ivumela abaqhubi abasuka kumazwe ahlukeneyo ukuba bahambe ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokufuna ukuphinda bafunde imithetho esisiseko.

Impembelelo Yezoqoqosho Nezentlalo Yemithetho Yomchamo

Ngapha koko kukhuseleka ngqo, imithetho yeenqwelo-mafutha ithwala ubunzima obubalulekileyo bezoqoqosho. Iziko leenqwelo-moya zokuLawula nokuthintela (CDC) liqikelela ukuba amaxabiso okungqubana nokungqubana kwengozi eU.S. adlula amawaka ezigidi zee-$340 zezigidi ngonyaka [ kwiindleko zonyango, ukulahleka kwemveliso, kunye nomonakalo wempahla. Imithetho eqinileyo yemoto inciphisa ezi ndleko zintlununuke kabini: ngokuthintela iziphumo zengozi kunye nangokuhlisa iinshorensilensi yemali yoluntu olugcina umthetho. Ngokwentlalo, iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zikhuthaza ukukholosa kwimizi yoluntu nokukhuthaza ezothutho zisebenzayo. Xa abazali bevakalelwa kukuba abantwana babo banokuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo esikolweni, bonke abantu abaphila ngempilo eninzi.

Imithetho Ephambili Yezithuthi Wonke Umntu Amele Ayazi

Ngoxa imithetho yeetrafiki isenokuhluka ngokwendawo, imimiselo emininzi engundoqo iyaqondwa jikelele. Nantsi eminye imithetho ebalulekileyo ekumele ukuba umqhubi nabahamba ngeenyawo bayiqaphele:

  • Imida yesantya: Ngamaxesha onke inamathele kwisantya esibekweyo. Zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, njengeengingqi zesikolo kunye nemimandla ehlala kuyo. Isantya sisona sixelo sikhulu esibonisa ungquzulwano olukhawulezileyo olukwi 30 mph inomlinganiselo wokusinda; nge 40 mph, lo mphindo wehla ukuya ku 20%.
  • Iimpawu zobuTraffic: Ububomvu buthetha ukuma, uhlaza luthetha ukuhamba, kwaye uqaqaba lubonisa ulumkiso. Ukuqonda ezi mpawu kubalulekile ekuqhubeni ngokukhuselekileyo. Amaqela amaninzi ngoku asebenzisa izalathisi ezityheli ezidanyazayo xa zijika ekhohlo ukuhlisa ukungacacanga.
  • [[NTL:0] Icala lendlela: Ukwazi ukuba ngubani onelungelo lokuhamba ezinqamlezini zemnqamlezo kunokuthintela iingozi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abahamba ngenqwelo-moya banelungelo lokuhamba ngenqanawa, kodwa abaqhubi kufuneka banikezele kwizithuthi zexesha likaxakeka nakwizithuthi ezisele zidibene.
  • [[NTL: 0] Ibhithi yebhethri exhotyisiweyo: Ukubopha amabhanti esihlalo kunyanzelekile kwiindawo ezininzi. Zinciphisa kakhulu ubungozi bokwenzakala engozini. Ngokutsho kwe NHTSTA, amabhanti esihlalo asindisa ubomi obumalunga ne15 000 ngo2017 kuphela.
  • Imithetho yokuqhuba edityanisiweyo: Ukuqhuba nge-attings yegazi (BAC) ngaphezulu ko 0.08% ayivumelekanga kwilizwe lonke le U.S., kwaye amazwe amaninzi anemida engqongqo kubaqhubi bezorhwebo okanye abo bangaphantsi kweshumi elinesibini.
  • [[FLT: 0] Imithetho yokuqhuba etsalekayo: Iselfowuni enesakhono esiphathwayo isetyenziswa ngexesha ukuqhuba kuvaliwe kwimimandla emininzi. Amacebo akhululekileyo avumelekile kwezinye iindawo, kodwa olona qheliso lukhuselekileyo kukubeka umnxeba kude ngokupheleleyo. Ukubhaliweyo kwandisa umngcipheko womonakalo ngamaxesha angama-23.
  • Ukhuseleko lwendawo: Isantya esincitshisiweyo (okanye 15/25 mph) ngexesha elithile kukhusela abantwana abahamba nooduladula nabahamba ngesantya sesikolo. Amanye amazwe anyanzelisa iimali ezihlawulweyo ngokuphindwe kabini kwizaphuli ezisezikolweni.
  • Ihamba ngaphaya kwemithetho: phantse onke amazwe afuna abaqhubi bahambe okanye bacothe xa besondela kwizithuthi zexesha likaxakeka, iilori zokutsala okanye izithuthi zokulungisa. Le mithetho ikhusela abaphendula kuqala nabasebenzi abahamba ecaleni kwendlela.

Indlela Yokuhlala Uhlaziyekile Kwimithetho Yezithuthi Zasekuhlaleni

Imithetho yendlela iyaguquka. Umzekelo, uninzi lwamazwe asandul' ukubhaliswa ngokusemthethweni ngokuzonwabisa umya, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimilinganiselo entsha edibeneyo. Ukuhlala ufundile, jonga kwi-webhsayithi ye-moto Vehicles (DMV) okanye icandelo lesebe lamapolisa lasekuhlaleni lenqwelo-mafutha. Izicelo ezidibene neenkonzo zemaphu zinokulumkisa abaqhubi ukuba bakhawuleze bafumane utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kunye neeyure zesikolo. Ukuya kukhuseleko lwezithuthi zezithuthi zezithuthi zelizwe yenye indlela entle yokufunda ngotshintsho oluzayo nolunikezelo lwegalelo.

Indlela Imithetho Yendlela Ekhusela Ngayo Abantu

Imithetho yendlela inendima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni uluntu. Nazi ezinye iindlela enegalelo kuzo:

  • Ukwalathiswa kwe-'FUMT': imithetho yohamba ngenqanawa ikhuthaza ukuphaphanyiswa ngokhuseleko lwendlela, ikhuthaza amalungu oluntu ukuba alumke. Imiqondiso, imiqondiso yokunqamleza, kunye nezaziso zenkonzo kawonke-wonke zikhuthaza ukuziphatha okukhuselekileyo yonke imihla.
  • [[NKQUBO: 0] Isantya se-inshorensi se-oyile: Uluntu oluneengozi ezimbalwa lusoloko lufumana iimali eziphantsi ze-inshorensi, lunceda bonke abemi. Abafaki-mali basebenzisa idata yengingqi ukumisela isantya somhlaba, ngoko ke ingxelo yokwaphulwa kwendlela ephezulu ingaqhuba iindleko zabo bonke abakwingingqi.
  • Umgangatho othe ngqo wobomi: iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zikhuthaza ukuhamba nokubhabha, zikhokelela kubomi obusempilweni kunye noluntu olukhutheleyo. Xa abazali bethemba izithuthi ezinqamlezayo kufutshane namakhaya abo, abantwana bafumana uqeqesho olungakumbi kunye nenkululeko.
  • Iingenelo zoqoqosho: izitrato ezikhuselekileyo zitsala amashishini kunye nokhenketho, zinyusa uqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni. I-Spovers idla ngokutyelela iindawo ezikwidolophu ephakathi ephawulwe kakuhle ukunqumla abantu abahamba ngezinyawo kunye nesantya esifanelekileyo.
  • Ixesha leReformation engxamisekileyo: Xa abaqhubi bethobela imithetho yendlela, iinqwelo zokulwa nezilori zomlilo zingafikelela kwingozi ngokukhawuleza ngemiqobo emincinci.
  • Ingeniso ezingundoqo: ukuhamba okugudisayo kwezithuthi ukusuka kumthetho-onqanda ukuqhuba kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sokuzilolonga kunye nepetroli, ukunciphisa umlinganiselo wonyawo lwekharbon.

Imiphumo Yokwaphula Imithetho Yomjelo

Ukuqonda izigwebo zokwaphula imithetho yeetrafiki kubalulekile. Iziphumo zisuka kwimali encinane ukuya kwityala eliqatha lolwaphulo-mthetho.

  • [[UMTL: 0] Iinkozo kunye ne Fees: amatikiti akhawulezayo angabiza amakhulu eerandi, kwaye ukwaphulwa kwemithetho eshukumayo kudla ukongeza iindleko zenkundla. Ukuphinda ucaphulo kukhokelela ekunyukeni kwemali.
  • [[FLT: 0] Iincopho zeLicense kunye ne-Suspension: Iimeko ezininzi zisebenzisa inkqubo yeencopho. Ukuqokelela iingongoma ezininzi ngexesha elithile kuphumela ekukhupheni imvume. Umzekelo, eNew York, iincopho ezi-11 kwiinyanga eziyi-18 kubangela ukuhexa.
  • Unyuko lwe-Premiums: Uqhawulo olunye lunganyusa iqondo ngo 20-40% kwaye luhlale rekhodi iminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu.
  • [[NTL:0] Ixesha elibi kakhulu: Ityala elinzulu njenge DUI, ukubulala abantu abanomzimba, okanye ukuqhuba ngokungakhathali okuqhelekileyo kuthwala izigwebo zasentolongweni, ingakumbi xa kusenzeka ingozi okanye ukufa.
  • Inkonzo edityanisiweyo kunye neeNkqubo zemfundo: Iinkundla zingayalela abaphuli-mthetho ukuba baye kwisikolo sendlela, bakhusele izifundo zokuqhuba, okanye amacandelo achaphazela amaxhoba.
  • [ Imithetho yeCivil: amaxhoba okwaphulwa komthetho wendlela angamangalelwa ngenxa yomonakalo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekonakalisweni kwemali kumqhubi omiselweyo.

Ucelomngeni Lokuthobela Imithetho Yomthungo

Nangona zibalulekile, ukumisela imithetho yendlela kunokuba lucelomngeni.

  • [[FLT: 0] Ukuqhuba okungxamisekileyo: Ngokunyuka kwemfonomfono-fono, ukuqhuba okuphazamisekileyo kuye kwaba lucelomngeni olubalulekileyo kumthetho onyanzelisayo. Kunzima kubaphathi ukufumanisa umqhubi ojonge phantsi kwifowuni, kwaye ukuziphatha kusoloko kuyindlela yokuziqhelanisa.
  • Ukuqhuba okungaqhutywayo: Ukuqhuba phantsi kwempembelelo kuhlala kuyingxaki engapheliyo, ekhokelela kwiingozi ezinzulu. Nangona kumashumi eminyaka ephulo lokulumka, malunga nama-30% azo zonke iingozi zenqwelo-moya e-U.S. abandakanya abaqhubi abanxila nge-alcohol.
  • Ukusebenza kweNon: Abanye abaqhubi bangawutyeshela umthetho wendlela, bazibeka bona nabanye esichengeni. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinoluvo olusezantsi, njengendlela zasemaphandleni okanye ebusuku.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Umlinganiselo omiselwe yindawo: Amasebe amaninzi anyanzelisa uqingqo-mali ajongene nemilinganiselo yoqingqo-mali, ethintela amandla awo okulinda nokunyanzelisa imimiselo yendlela ngokunempumelelo. Igosa elinye alinakuba kuyo yonke indawo, kwaye amaqela etrafiki asoloko engowokuqala ukunqunyulwa ngexesha loqingqo-mali olufutshane.
  • [[FLT: 0] I-Public Perception and Resistance:[ Abanye abaqhubi beenqwelo-mafutha bajonga ukunyanzeliswa kwezithuthi njengesixhobo sokungenisa ingeniso kunokuba babe ngumlinganiselo wokhuseleko. Oku kungakhokelela ekutyhaleni umva nxamnye nesantya seekhamera okanye iikhamera ezibomvu, kwanaxa ugcino-lwazi lubonisa ukuba banciphisa intlekele.
  • [[NTLALA:0] Imilinganiselo yezentengiso kunye nezobugcisa: utshintsho lombane kwizithuthi `njengezithuthi zombane', inqwelo-mafutha, kunye nezithuthi ezizimeleyo] zenza iindawo ezingwevu ezingekhoyo ezigqunywe ngokupheleleyo. Abalawuli bemithetho basoloko bezama ukugcina isantya kunye nolwakhiwo.

Indima Yonyanzelo Oluzenzekelayo

Iikhamera zesantya, iikhamera ezibomvu, kunye noomatshini bokulwamkelo abasetyenziswa yinqwelo-moya abasebenza ngekhompyutha banceda ukunyanzelisa ukunyanzeliswa kwesithethe. Uhlolisiso lwe-IIHS lubonisa ukuba iikhamera ezibomvu zinciphisa iingozi eziyingozi ezibangelwa kukubaleka kokukhanya okubomvu nge 21%. Noko ke, zikwadala impikiswano; abagxeki basenokuphikisana ngokwandisa ukungqubana emva. Iinkqubo zekhamera ezenziwe kakuhle ziquka iimpawu ezilumkisayo, uhlengahlengiso oluluhlaza, kunye neenkqubo zokubhenela ezikhanya ngokucace gca ekugcineni ukuthemba kukawonke wonke umntu.

Ukubandakanyeka Kukhuseleko Lomjelo

Abantu banokuthatha amanyathelo okukhuthaza ukhuseleko lweenqwelo - mafutha. Nazi ezinye iindlela abanokubandakanyeka kuzo:

  • Abemi bangamkela intsebenziswano ephuculiweyo, iminqamlezo, nemiqondiso yeenqwelo-mafutha kwimimandla yabo. Ukunikela ugcino-lwazi ngengozi yamachaphaza ashushu kwibhunga ezixekweni kuyindlela esebenzayo.
  • Iphakamisa kwiiNkqubo zoKhuseleko: oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basoloko benikela iinkqubo ezifundisa abemi ngoqheliso lokuqhuba olukhuselekileyo. Ezi zisenokuquka iindawo zokhuseleko ezisekelwe esikolweni, izifundo zomqhubi omkhulu ezihlaziyayo, kunye neebhayisekile zabantwana.
  • Ukuchaza Iimeko ezingakhuselekanga: Amalungu oLuntu kufuneka anike ingxelo ngemingxuma, iimtyibilizi ezonakeleyo, okanye ezinye iingozi kumagunya asekuhlaleni. Ngoku izixeko ezininzi zineenkqubo zefowuni okanye ii-linerine ezishushu ukwenzela ingxelo elula.
  • [[NTL:0] Izabelo zokwalathisa: Ukuhlela iziganeko ezikhuthaza ukuqhuba ngokukhuselekileyo zingenza uphando lukhuthaze ukubonakalisa ubuchule. Imizekelo iquka “Hamba uye kuSuku lweSikolo,” “Izindlu zokhuseleko zasebusuku zobuhlanga, kunye namaphulo onxibelelwano anjenge # Hamba.
  • Amaqela akwingingqi yombini: Ezinye iindawo zenza amaqela amatsha - ntliziyo ajonga iipatroli zenqwelo-moya kunye neqabane lamapolisa ukuqhuba uhlolo lwesantya kunye nokufikelela ngaphandle kwemfundo.
  • Iindawo ezichaseneyo nemithetho yezorhwebo: iinkqubo ze-cateemore ezibuyisela abaphuli-mthetho abazisa ubuso obujongene namaxhoba zinokuba nempumelelo engakumbi ekutshintsheni ukuziphatha kunokuhlawulelwa kuphela. Ukungagunyazi koluntu kunganceda ekumiseni iinkqubo ezinjalo.

Amanyathelo Okusebenza Kwabantu Abanempumelelo

Izixeko ezininzi zibonise amandla okubandakanyeka koluntu. EPortland, e-Oregon, “isantya se-Vision” esithatyathwa ngumgca ophambili osetyenziswa yingca-ii-douts shorecs, idityaniswe ukunyuswa komphandle owenziwe ngesantya esiphezulu wendlela ehamba ngesantya senqanawa. Le mizekelo ibonisa ukuba xa uluntu lufuna ukhuseleko oluphezulu, abaxhasi bemibutho baphulaphula.

Ikamva Lemithetho Yoomatshini Nezokhuseleko

Njengoko ubugcisa butshintsha, imithetho yeetrafiki iza kutshintsha. Izithuthi eziziinqwelo-mafutha ezizihambelayo zithembisa ukuphelisa impazamo yabantu, ebangela i- 94% yeengozi, kodwa ziphakamisa imibuzo emitsha malunga netyala, ukuzimela, kunye nokulawula kwendlela. Okwangoku, izithuthuthu zombane neebhayisekile ziyaphinda zihambeka, zifuna imithetho emitsha yesantya, i-patroli, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesigcina-ntloko. Imozulu ikhuthaza amadolobha ukuba enze “imimandla esezantsi ehambayo” kunye neendawo zokuxinene ezitheneyo. Kuzo zonke ezi nkqubela-phambili, ungeniso loluntu lusafuneka. Imithetho esebenzayo yezithuthi ayibekwangaphakath'ugxube ngaphezulu kwento enxulumene nabantu abazikhuselayo. Ngokuhlala besazi, benenxaxheba kulawulo lwasekuhlaleni, kunye nokuziphatha okukhuselekileyo, bonke abami banegalelo kwinjongo yokuzingelana kwemibutho yeendlela ezitratoliki.

Isiphelo

Imithetho yendlela ibalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukhuseleko kuluntu lwethu. Ngokuqonda nokunamathela kule mithetho, sonke singafak' isandla kwimo ekhuselekileyo yethu nakwimibutho yabamelwane bethu. Ukuba nenxaxheba ekukhuthazeni ukhuseleko lwemoto akulo nje kuphela oluphucula ubomi bethu kodwa kukhuthaza nokuzicingela uluntu. Indlela engaphambili iyahlulwa.