IRaje Sabba, indlu ephezulu yePalamente yaseIndiya, iphethe indawo ekhethekileyo yomgaqo-siseko kwizakhiwo zelizwe. Ngokungafaniyo neLok Sabha, omalungu ayo anyulwe ngqo kwaye edityaniswe nomjikelo wonyulo wesizwe, iRajiya Sabhaha ibunjwe ngabameli abanyulwe ziindibano zesizwe, kuquka inani elincinane lamalungu angenazintlupheko ezingokwasemthethweni anokusebenza emasimini anjengoncwadi, inzululwazi, ubugcisa, kunye nenkonzo yentlalo-ntlalo. Esi sakhiwo sinika iRajiya Sabba imbono engaphaya kwexesha kunye nobuntu obude nobuchule bokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwempilo e-limele ukuba isetyenziswe ngokusemthethweni, yenza ukuba ichube xa ithetha, ukuchatshaza kwabethwa kwemi, ukukhula nokuhlala kwabantu abakhulileyo. I-Sya, imisebenzi ye-ofisi, kunye nengxoxo yezopolitiki, ihlane iingxoxo zempilo zemali ezikhoyo, iqhubekele yindlela yokuchaphaza ekungene ngayo i-mali, i-enza i-e.

Ingxelo Engokwabantu: Isizathu Sokuba Indima YeRaje Sabha Ibaluleke

I-Indiya ijongene notshintsho lwamanani abemi abamalunga nama-2050. Ngokutsho kwe-United Nations Population Prospects 2022, umlinganiselo wama-Indiya aneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu uhlonyelwe ukunyuka ukusuka malunga ne 10% kwi 2021 ukuya ku-202% ngo-2050. Oku kuguqulela malunga nabemi abakhulileyo abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-30 ngeminyaka ephakathi. Olu tshintsho luzisa iimfuno zokhuseleko oluqinileyo lwentlalo, isakhiwo sobudoda esineyo, isakhiwo esinemali, kunye nezicwangciso ezisemthethweni ezikhusela isidima ne-Engcukalphe. I-Sygyyashaha, njengendlu ehlola umthetho ngexesha elide ne-mgalelo lomgangatho we-de, imele lemeko engaqhelekanga kwincoko yayo ende.

Ukumela Iintlobo-ntlobo Zengingqi

Abemi abakhulileyo base-Indiya abakho kummandla ophakathi. Amazwe afana neKerala kunye neTamil Nadu anamanani aphezulu kakhulu abemi abakhulileyo, lo gama amazwe afana noBihar no-Uttar Pradesh engoontanga abancinane. Umqulu weRajiya Sabba wesizwe ngamnye uthumela inani lamalungu alungelelanisa inani labemi bawo. Imfuno yokuba amazwi amazwe anokukhula ngokukhawuleza aviwa kwimigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe. Umzekelo, amalungu ase-Keralah asoloko ephakamisa imibandela enxulumene nowezonyango lwasebe abakhulile kunye ne-wempemperreji, ngelixa ephuma kumazwe abalase ukuqokelelwa kwawo. Lo mbutho unceda umelo-mgangatho we-Rajinyahaha ekwazi ukukhulula imimandla yesizwe, kunokuba angenelele i-e-e-e-efafatha-yo yesizwe.

Imisebenzi Yomthetho: Indlela i-Raje Sabha Ebumba Ngayo Inkqubo Yakudala

Indima yowiso-mthetho kaRaje Sabra ayingomthetho nje oqhelekileyo. Njengoko indlu ephezulu, ihlola, ilungisa, yaye maxa wambi iphuma kumatyala abhekisele kwintlalo-ntle yabemi abakhulileyo. Ngoxa amatyala emali enokuvela kuphela kwiLok Sabba, iRajiya Sabha inamandla okulibazisa okanye icebisa ukubuyiselwa komnye umthetho, kwaye ukuvumelana kwayo kuyafuneka ukulungisa nawuphi na umGaqo-siseko. Kumo wokwaluphala, iinxalenye eziliqela zemithetho ziye zadlula ngohlalutyo luka-Rajya Sabra.

UMthetho wolondolozo neNkxaso yabazali nabemi abakhulileyo, 2007

Mhlawumbi umthetho obalulekileyo kulo mmandla nguMthetho wokulondolozwa noNyaka noKhuseleko lwabazali noKhuseleko lwamaMontreal, 2007. IRajeya Sabba wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusulungweni lo mthetho ngexesha lokudlula kwawo. Lo Mthetho unika imbopheleleko esemthethweni kubantwana okanye kwizalamane ukugcina abazali abakhulileyo, kwaye umisela iinkundla zokulungisa izikhalazo ngokukhawuleza ezinxulumene nokulungisa nokukhusela. Ngexesha lengxoxo kaRajiya Sabba, amalungu anya anyanzelela imigaqo engakumbi enxamnye nokuxhatshazwa kwabadala, iingcaciso ezicacileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-‘homoniance, kunye nobuchule bokuzalisekisa umgangatho wengca. Inguqulelo yokugqibela yoMthetho weSibe somthetho. Oku kuquka kwakhona ulungiselelo lokumiswa kwamakhaya amadala kunye nokukhuselwa kwempahla kunye nexabiso lwawo olubanzi lwe-abray.

IBhili yoNyaka neNkxaso yabazali nabemi abaPhakamileyo, 2024

Kutshanje, iRajiya Sabba ibihlola izilungiso zoMthetho wama-2007. Ukunconywa koku kusetyenziswa kweNkcubeko yeSivumelwano seNtlalo-ntle neSigunya kubandakanya ukuchazwa ‘ kwabantwana abangeniswa kunye nabantwana abangeniswayo, ukwandisa isohlwayo sokushiya, kunye nokunceda abemi abakhulu ukuba batshintshe izinto zabo ukuba iimfuno ezisisiseko azinanzwa. IKomiti kaRajya Sabba iphe ikhuthaza ngokuthe ngqo indlela karhulumente yokulungisa nokunika ubungqina obuneengcaciso nokumema ubungqina obuneengcaciso, iye yanceda ekulungiseni ezi ngxelo, ithetafile ye-Rajya Sab, efakwe kwi-Syjing, inikeza ubutyebi bobungqina obusekelwe kwimpembelelo engqalileyo kurhulumente.

Indima yeeKomiti zePalamente

Ngaphandle kweengxoxo ezisemgangathweni, impembelelo enkulu kaRajeya Sabha kwinkqubo yobuNkulumbuso yakudala isetyenziswa yikomiti yayo. IKomiti eSigxina yeSigwebo soNtlalo-ntle noMsebenzi, iKomiti yeMpilo neNtlalo-ntle, kunye neKomiti yezeMali zonke ezi zinto zihlola rhoqo imicimbi enxulumene nokwaluphala. Ezi komiti zibiza amagosa ukusuka kwinkonzo efana noBulungiseleli bezeNtlalo-ntle kunye noMandla, iSebe loBulungiseleli bezeMpilo-ntle neNtlalo-ntle, kunye noBulungiseleli bezemali ukuze zichaze ukuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo, izabeko, kunye neziphumo zocwangciso-mali. Iingxelo zisoloko zichaza iinkcukacha ezingakumbi kwaye zingenazizinto ezingaphezulu kuneengxoxo zomgangatho, ziwenza izixhobo ezinamandla zokuphuculwayo.

Ukufundwa Kwetyala: Umgaqo - siseko Wesizwe Wabantu Abakhulileyo

Ngo-1999, i-Indiya yamkela inkqubo yeSizwe yoLuntu lwabadala (NPOP), eyayinenjongo yokuqinisekisa intlalo-ntle nokhuseleko lwabalupheleyo. Noko ke, ukuphunyezwa kwehla. Kwingxelo ezininzi zekomiti yeRajiya Sabha kumashumi eminyaka alandelayo, amalungu abalaselisa iikhefu zokurhoxa kwempempeni, ukungafumani nyango kwiindawo zasemaphandleni, kunye nokungakhathalelwa kwamaziko asekuhlaleni. Ezi ngxelo zanyanzela urhulumente ukuba aqhubele phambili i-Integroted Programme for Elder Perensis (IPOP) ngo-2010, apho kusetyenziswa khona imali, iiyunithi zezonyango ezihamba-selula, kunye namaziko e-oonolwazi-ophatholo-ninzi abakhulile. URajya Sabra wayengumphathi wenkqubo yendaleko.

Impembelelo kwiinkqubo zeNtlalo-ntle

Impembelelo kaRaje Sabra idlulela ngaphaya komthetho kunye neengxelo zekomiti zokuphunyezwa kwemihla ngemihla kwemigaqo yentlalo-ntle yoluntu. Ngeyure yombuzo, iiyure, kunye nentshukumo ezikhethekileyo, amalungu asoloko ephakamisa izikhalazo ezithile qho njengezilibaziso kwintlawulo yempesheni, ukungafikeleli kwenzuzo ye-Ayushman Bharat kwabakhulileyo, okanye ukuthelekisa okunganele kwePradan Manda Vandana Yjana (PMVVY).

Udweliso lwe pension

Inkqubo ye-National Pension System (NPS) kunye ne-Indira Gandhi National Ages Agestion System (IGNOAPS) zombini ziye zahlolisiswa kwiRajiya Sabhaha. Amalungu aye abiza imali yomhlala-phantsi yenyanga (ngokunje 76200-500, kuxhomekeke kubudala), ukunxulumanisa ukunyuka kwayo nokuncitshiswa kwamaxabiso emali, kunye nokwandisa ukuquka abasebenzi becandelo abangacwangciswanga kakuhle. Ngo-20222, ukulandela imibuzo eqhubekayo kwiRajiya Sabba, urhulumente ubhengeze impesheni ephambili phantsi kokhuseleko lwe-PMS Kisan Dhangiya, enika umhlala-mali wenyanga-63, kumgangatho omncinci nakumgangatho woburhulumente emva kokuthatha umhlala. Ngoxa le nkqubo i-Rajinha ibonise indlela ukhuthulo olukhuselwa ngayo kukhuseleko lwentlalo lwentlalo.

Ukufumaneka konyango

Unyango luyingxoxo ephindaphindwayo kuRajiya Sabhaha yeengxoxo zokukhula. UAyushman Bharat Pradhat Mantari Jan Arogya Yoya (PM-JAY) unika inkcaso yempilo kunyaka ngamnye kunyaka ngamnye kunyaka wesihlomelo sesibini ne-tempery. Noko ke, abakhulileyo bajongana nocelomngeni olukhethekileyo: basoloko befuna ukukhathalelwa iimeko ezithe rhoqo, bafuna ukulandela ixesha elide ii-up, kwaye basenokukhutshwa ngaphandle kwemali yentsapho xa behlala bodwa. Ngoku uRayya Sabbaha unyusa ezi ngxaki ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukhokelela ekundululweni kweAyman Aroshimadirdar kunye nolwando lwezinkonzo ze-Health. Ngokukuquka ucwangciso oluphezulu lwendlu. [FYP.]

Iingxoxo Eziphathelele Ukuxhatshazwa Kwabantu Abadala Nokuzikhetha Kwabantu

Enye yeminikelo engabonakaliyo kodwa ebaluleke ngokufanayo yeRajiya Sabha ibikukukhulisa ukuphaphamela ngokuxhatshazwa kwabadala kunye nokuzikhetha ngokwabantu. Intlangano yezonyango yehlabathi iqikelela ukuba umntu omnye kwabathandathu okhulileyo ufumana uhlobo oluthile lokuxhatshazwa emhlabeni wonke. EIndiya, amagcuntswana aqhele ukuthintela amaxhoba ekuxelweni kokuxhatshazwa, kwaye ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi kuhlala kubuthathaka. [FLT:] [3] [FLT] [3] [5]

Ucelomngeni Lokusetyenziswa Kwenkqubo

Ngaphandle kwendima esebenzayo kaRajiya Sabba, ucelomngeni oluninzi luyaqhubeka. Okokuqala, irejista yesithili esinethuba lokulungisa ihlala ivulekile phakathi komthetho nezibakala. Ugcino-lwazi kunye nophuhliso lwabazali kunye nolwamaqumrhu, umzekelo, ifuna ukuba isithili ngasinye sibe nenkundla kunye nomphathi wogcino. Ikomiti ezininzi ezingekho kwezi zakhiwo. Ikomiti ze-Rajaya Sabhaha isoloko ichaza oku, kodwa urhulumente unika ityala lokusebenza. "Ngokomzuzwana, u-ok) u-orhulumente bachaza ukunqongophala kwemali okanye amandla okulawula. Okwesibini, [[FLT.2] ulwahlulo ngalunye lomsebenzi wobulungiseleli. [FLT.FLT:3] luye luthobekelwe ngokulula. Umgangatho wobulungiseleli noonke uhlalo lwezi lwe-Genentlalo-ntle yecandelo loluntu. Uxaso lwabiwo lolawulo lwamasebe lwasentlalo-onke lucertyisi.

Ukulingana Kwesizukulwana

Olunye ucelomngeni iRajiya Sabba eqalile ukuluthetha kukungalingani okuphakathi. Njengoko abantu abakhulileyo bekhula, kukho umngcipheko wokuba ubuncwane bemfundo kunye nomsebenzi wolutsha bungaxinana. IRajiya Sabha, enobude obude kunye noluvo olubanzi, yi-forum yendalo yokuphikisana ngezi misebenzi. Ngo-2023, ingkhankanya ekhethekileyo kwiRajiya Sabha ngelungu elisuka eMadya Pradesh ibala ibalase igxininisa imfuneko ye-ieartial [[FLT: 0] ye-Motionalalgationalive Disarity . Ngelixa kungekho nkqubo enjalo iseyiqalile, incoko iqalwe, kunye ne-Syyabhabhas kwiindima yengxoxo e-farm.

Imbono Ethelekisayo: Ukufunda Kwezinye Izindlu Eziphezulu

IRajiya Sabha ayiyodwa ejongene nokwaluphala. Izindlu eziphezulu kwezinye iinkqubo ze-oventine. njenge-US Caten, iBoundesrat, kunye ne-Australian Catenal `isebenzana neenkqubo zasebekhulile. Noko ke, umongo we-Indiya ungaqhelekanga ngenxa yomlinganiselo wobuhlwempu phakathi kwabantu abadala, ukunqongophala kokhuseleko lwentlalo-ntle yabantu jikelele, kunye nesantya esikhawulezileyo sokwaluphala kwabantu. I-Rajiya Sabbaha iye ngamanye amaxesha yamema iingcali ezivela kwamanye amazwe ukuya kumava ayo ekomiti, kodwa ulwazi olulungeleleneyo lungaqinisa impembelelo yayo. Umzekelo, [[FLT:] uphando lwamanani oluntu lonke. [FLD [FLD: 1]

Icala

Xa ujonga phambili, iRajiya Sabba ingenza indima eninzi kwimimandla emithathu engundoqo. Okokuqala, [[FLT: 0] ubugcisa kunye nokufakwa kwamanani: Asebekhulile basoloko bebona bakhutshwe kwiinkonzo zikarhulumente zamanani. Amalungu azise izitebhu zamalungu azimeleyo kunye nezigqibo ezibiza amaziko okufunda nokusebenzisa amanani amaqela ahlukeneyo kunye neendawo zokudibanisa amaqela. I-Rajiya Sabbaha ingatyhala ingxowa yemali enikezelweyo yokuphatha abakhulu. Eyesibini, [[FLT.2]] ubude bexesha lokunyamekela amalungu [[FLT.3:]]: i-ndiyayimizanana amakhaya ambalwa kakhulu nabafuyindileyo kunye nezibonelelo ezifunekayo ezifunekayo. I-Syyabhahahas Komiti yeSibonelelo yasekuhlaleni kunye nezikhuselwa ngoncedo olulunyukileyo oluncomelayo lwezentengo, i-Fog.[4] kunye noncedo oluphezulu loncedo lwezententente: [F.G.F.G.NTre

Ingqungquthela Yamalungu Aseburhulumenteni Nempembelelo Yawo

Ngoxa imithetho emininzi isungulwa ngurhulumente, amatyala azimeleyo eRajiya Sabha aye amisela iqonga lokulungisa izakhiwo ezibanzi. Umzekelo, ityala elaziswayo ngo-2019 lafuna ukukwenza kube yinto eyimfuneko kuzo zonke izibhedlele ukuba zibe ne-geriatricaial comment. Nangona lingazange libe ngumthetho, ukubhengezwa kwemali okubangelwa yimali kwakhokelela kuMphathiswa wezeMpilo ukuba anikezele i-advicory xa kumiselwa umgangatho we-geratricary. Ngokufanayo, ilungu labucala lezibhedlele lifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba linetyala izicwangciso zokuxhasa indlu yendlu [[FLG:1] kunyaka 201] kuvulwe incoko yesizwe ngendlela abahlala kuyo abanokuyifaka ngayo impahla yabo ngaphandle kokufuduswa. I-Syracractabhas) ngokufanayo, xa bengafuni ukuxoxisana kwale.

Isiphelo

Impembelelo kaRajiya Sabba kwiinkqubo zokwaluphala nabemi abakhulileyo idibene kwaye ingumthetho ophawulayo ofana noBume noBunenke babazali kunye noMasipala akwindawo ephezulu ukuya kuvavanywa ngokuqhubekayo kocwangciso lwempesheni kunye nolawulo lwempilo, indlu ephezulu isebenza njengehekthalo elinzima kwaye iququzelela iingcamango zayo. Inkqubo yayo yokusebenza inika ubunzulu, iingxoxo zayo zinika ukubonakala, kwaye amalungu ayo asuka kwiimeko ezinqamlezileyo,(zezinye ii-/iiiintelekelelo ezivakalayo zemibani. Noko ke, uvavanyo lokwenyaniso lwale ngxaki luyasebenza. URajyaya Shabha uyakwazi ukuqhubeka nokwenza indima yayo ngokufuna ukuphendula kolwazi oluphezulu, ngokuqulungelana kwemibalwano olude, nangokuyibeka i-gqweqwesi ye-grabhul-od , ngokufumana i-grogracm, ukulungiselela ukukhuthaza ukukhuthulwa kwe-ogqweqwena kwesizwe.