Isiseko Semilinganiselo Yorhulumente Nento Efanelekileyo

Imilinganiselo yokuziphatha kurhulumente asiyomfuneko nje engekho ngqiqweni kodwa iyasebenziseka ekulondolozeni amaziko olawulo-moya kunye nokuthembeka kwabantu. Xa abemi bekholelwa ukuba amagosa karhulumente asebenza ngengqibelelo, ngokukhanyayo, nangokuziphendulela, basenokuba banegalelo kwimisebenzi yoluntu nokuthobela imithetho. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa imilinganiselo yokuziphatha isenzeka ngokungekho mthethweni, okanye xa kusetyenziswa kakubi kwegunya elikhoyo phakathi korhulumente kunye nabalawulwayo. Iikomiti ezisebenza ngolawulo lwentlalo-ntle zisebenza ngokuchasene namandla. Iindlela zokuthintela, ukuphawula nokulungisa ezo ngxaki zisekelwe kwidemokhrasi. Phakathi kwezi zinto zibalulekileyo zezo zenzo zolawulo-mthetho ziyikomiti ezijongelwa, iziququ zegunya, okanye ii-ofisi ezilawulayo ezizimeleyo, zisebenza ngokucotha kobugqalise ulawulo, zisebenza ngokucotha kookrwe lwamandla, ziqinisekisa ukuba amasebe azimele okanye amagosa asebenza ngaphandle kolawulo oluneyo.

Ingcamango yolawulo lowiso-mthetho isekelwe kukwahlulwa kwemithetho, inkcazo yamagunya, esasaza igunya kumaziko karhulumente alinganayo ukunqanda naliphi na isebe ukuba libe lilawula. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States, igunya lolawulo loMbutho liboniswa kwiQumrhu I lomGaqo-siseko, elinika isebe lemithetho igunya lokwenza imithetho, iimali ezifanelekileyo, kwaye lihlola imicimbi yenkxalabo kawonke-wonke. Eli gunya liye lasetyenziswa ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zelifa le-Riphabliki, ngokuphandwa komthetho okokuqala okwenzeka ngowe-1792 xa iNdlundyezo zoo Abameli belingela ukuphembelela okuyingozi kukaNjengele u-General Arthur St. Clair. Ukususela ngoko, iikomiti zolawulo oluphetheyo ziguqukeleyo ngemibutho esisigxina, amandla angaphantsi kwegunya, kunye noorhulumente bomthetho-mthetho.

Ukuchaza Indima Nomgangatho WeeKomiti Zolawulo

Iikomiti ezilawulayo zingoonogada abasisigxina kwiqumrhu lowiso-mthetho, njengeKomiti yeNdlu yeNdlu yase-U.S. ekuMandulo naseMasikweni okanye kwiKomiti yoKhuseleko lweNtlanganiso yeHlabathi yeHlabathi neyoRhulumente. Ezinye zingookwexeshana okanye zikhethe iikomiti ezikhethekileyo okanye ezimiselwe ukuphengulula imiba ethile yenkxalabo yesizwe, njengeKomiti yeBhunga Elikhetha ICandelo loPhondo ngexesha loMkhosi wamanzi okanye iKomiti Ekhethiweyo kuhlaselo lwaseNdlunqeni. Ukuba ihlala ixesha elide okanye yexeshanakanye neyokwexeshana, ezi komiti zinegunya elifanayo: ukuhlola imisebenzi yesebe likarhulumente, abameli, abameli, namagosa ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotyelwa komthetho, ukusebenza, ukuthembeka kwimigaqo yokuziphatha.

Umgangatho wolawulo lubanzi. IiKomiti zihlola indlela ekwenziwa ngayo imithetho, nokuba iinkqubo ziphumeza ngayo iinjongo zazo, nokuba ngaba imali yokuhlawula irhafu isetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo. Ziphengulula izityholo zokulahlwa kwenkunkuma, ukuqhatha, ukuxhatshazwa, kunye nokungalawuleki, kwaye zicebisa izenzo zokulungisa ukusuka kwiinguqu zolawulo ukuya kutsho kwizaphuli-mthetho. Oku kubalulekile, iikomiti zongamela zikwadlala indima engqinelayo yendima ephambili .

Ulawulo lweekomiti zolawulo luyahluka ngokwelizwe nangenkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Kwinkqubo zepalamente, uvelela kungasetyenziswa ngamaxesha ombuzo, ukukhetha iikomiti, okanye i-ambustsmes. Noko ke, lo mgaqo usisiseko uhlala ufana: iqumrhu elinikezelweyo labalawuli, elixhaswe ngabasebenzi abangoogcisayo, liqhubeka lihlola isebe eliphetheyo ukuligcina linetyala kumthetho, uqingqo-mali, nomdla woluntu lonke. Lo mgaqo uqukwa kwimilinganiselo elungileyo yolawulo lwezizwe ngezizwe, kuquka naleyo ikhuthazwa yimigaqo enjenge [ELT]] [FLT], egxininisa indima yokuba ngabaveleli bemithetho egcina ingqibelelo nokholo kumaziko.

Imisebenzi engundoqo yeeKomiti zobuphathi ngokwenkcukacha

Igunya lokuphanda kunye nokuFuma Inyaniso

Kwiintloko zomsebenzi wekomiti yokuvelela ligunya lokuphanda. IiKomiti zinganyanzela ukuveliswa kwamaxwebhu, iinkupho ezincinci, kwaye zithathe ubungqina obuyisiqinisekiso kumangqina. Eli gunya lizenza zikwazi ukutyhila izibakala ezinokuhlala zifihlakeleyo emva kwelungelo lolawulo oluphezulu, imfihlo yesebe, okanye i-intengiso yoovimba betyala. Ii-Pintegistica zidla ngokuba yindawo yokwazisa abantu, ingakumbi xa zibandakanya amagosa aphezulu eprofile okanye izityholo zokunganyaniseki okunzulu. Umsebenzi we-Accenseve usebenza zombini ujonge emva kobuso kunye nokujonga phambili kweenjongo: ibhenca oko kwenzeka kwimeko ethile kwaye ichaze ukuba kufuneka ichazwe.

Ukuze uphando luphumelele, kufuneka lube lucokisekile, lungabi naparati, kwaye lube yeyona ndlela yokusebenza. Uphando olungcono lolo lulandelayo naphi na apho lukhokelwa khona, ngaphandle kokubhekiselela kwintsebenziswano yezobupolitika. Baxhomekeke kwingxelo yogcino-lwazi, uhlalutyo loxwebhu, udliwano-lwazi, uphando, kunye nobuchule bokuququzelela abaphantsi. Iziphumo ziquluthwe kwiingxelo ezinokuthi zihambe ngamakhulu okanye kwanamaphepha angamawaka, zinike ingxelo enkcukacha ezichaza izenzo zomthetho kunye nokuzimonganisa. Uphatho lwe-mali asisiso sesixhobo sokwenza ingqwalaselo ngokwaso.

Ingqwalaselo ephambili yeSebe

Omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo weekomiti zobuveleli kukuhlola uqingqo-mali neenkcitho. Ngokuhlolisisa indlela abameli abanikezela ngayo baze bachithe ngayo imali kawonke-wonke, iikomiti zingabona ukuba ii-afticiencies, imisebenzi engagunyaziswanga, kunye nokungasetyenziswa kakuhle kwemali. Oku kuvelela kwezezimali kudla ngokusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuchaza, apho iikomiti zivumela okanye zikhanyele ukuxhaswa kwemali okusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwemibutho nasekuthobeleni imigaqo-nkqubo. Noko ke, nasemva kokuba iikomiti zolawulo zisenziwa, iikomiti ezilawulayo ziyaqhubeka zihlola iindleko ngophicotho lwee-mali, iindlebe, kunye neengxelo ezivela kubahloli-mikhosi kunye nabahloli abazimeleyo.

Ukungahlawuli ityala kwemali kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kuba ukukhanyisa isikhanyiso sokungalungi kwemali kudla ngokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zokungalungi kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Isivumelwano, izivumelwano ezingekho semthethweni kubanikeli bezopolitiko, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwemali esemthethweni, kunye neenkxwaleko zomdla ekufumaneni imali kuko konke ukwaphulwa kwemithetho yokuziphatha okuye kunikwe ikomiti ejongene nokufumana indawo ekhethekileyo yokufumana. Ngokukhanyisa ukukhanya ekungalawuleni ngokwemali, iikomiti zithumela uphawu lokuba imali kawonke wonke asingovimba wobuqu kwaye abo bayiphetheyo kufuneka baphendule ngayo yonke ipesenti. Lo mthwalo wemfanelo wolawulo lwezemali umele udityalo.

Uhlolo lomgaqo-nkqubo kunye noTshintsho

Iikomiti ezilawulayo aziqwalaseli nje kuphela ukuziphatha okubi kwamapolisa; zikwahlola ukuba imithetho ekhoyo kunye nemigaqo isebenza njengoko kucetywa. Ngohlolo lwenkqubo, uhlolo, iziphumo, kunye nengxelo evela kubagcini-mathiriyeli, iikomiti zihlola ukuphumelela kweenyathelo zikarhulumente zize zincomele iinguqu. Lo msebenzi wokujongana nolungelelwaniso ubalulekile ekulawuleni, apho imigaqo-nkqubo iphuculwe ngokusekelwe kubungqina kunokuba isekelwe kwingcamango. Xa ukujonga kutyhile ukuba umthetho ozinzileyo uvelise iziphumo ezifanelekileyo zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha engacwangciswanga `ngokudala amathuba okufuna ukuqesha okanye ukuthobhliswa kokukhanya/ukungaboni `iprojectties' zicebisa utshintsho lokuzingela ukuva nokuzikhusela.

Ukunconywa kotshintsho lweekomiti zolawulo kudla ngokufikelela kwincopho kumthetho omtsha. Umzekelo, uphando lweKomiti yeNdlu yaManzi ikhokelela ngqo ekudluleni kwe-Ethics kuMthetho kaRhulumente ka- 1978, eyaseka ukutyhilwa okunyanzelekileyo kwezemali, yadala i-Ofisi ye-Rhulumente Ethiscs, yabeka imiqathango kumsebenzi wasemva kwegunya lamagosa angaphambili. Ngokufanayo, uphando lweIran-Contrate lwavelisa utshintsho kulawulo lwemisebenzi efihlakeleyo kunye nemisebenzi yobuntlola. Le mithetho iziphumo zibonisa indlela iikomiti zolawulo ezisebenza njengeenjini zemfundo zolawulo, ziguqulela izifundo zokungaphumeleli kwangaphambili kwimigaqo esemthethweni eqinile.

Ukuchotshelwa Kwetyala Nokubona Imbonakalo

Enye yezona misebenzi zibonakalayo zeekomiti zobuveleli kukubamba amatyala kawonke-wonke. Ezi ngxoxo zizisa imibandela yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ekuhleni, zivumela uwonke-wonke, amajelo eendaba, kunye nebutho labantu ukuba zibone ukuvavanywa kwamagosa karhulumente. Ukubonakala gca kungumsebenzi onamandla wemilinganiselo yokuziphatha othe ngqo kwaye ugqunywe ngokubanzi, amagosa ayazi ukuba izenzo zawo ziya kugwetywa nguwonke-wonke. Ixabiso lemfundo lokuva alinakubekwa ngaphezulu; ayayixhasa imisebenzi entsonkothile karhulumente aze axhobise abemi ngolwazi abalufuna ukulwenza kwibhokisi yebloti.

Ukuva kukawonke-wonke kukwasebenza njengendawo yokulawula abavuli-mlozi kunye nabanye abangaphakathi ukuze badlulisele ulwazi malunga nobubi. Iikomiti zisoloko zifumana icebiso kubaqeshwa ababoyika ukuphindezela ngaphakathi kooovimba babo kodwa zithemba ukuba ukuva okukhoyo kombutho kuya kuzisa iqonga elikhuselekileyo ukuze lityhilwe. Ukubakho kwesi siqhagamshelanisi komjelo kuqinisa isiseko sendlela yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha jikelele ngokudala enye indlela yokuphendula ngaphandle kweenkqubo zoothunywa benkqubo. Iikomiti ezibamba izikhalazo zempepho ngokubaluleka nangomdla wokuhlonela ukunceda ukukhuthaza isithethe sengqibelelo yorhulumente wonke.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Ulawulo Njengokukhangela Amandla

ISkindalethi yamanzi neNtlanganiso yokuKhetha iKomiti

Ihlazo leWatergate elikhoyo ekuqaleni kowe-1970 lingumzekelo oqinisekileyo wendlela ikomiti ezimiseleyo yokuvelela enokuyiguqula ngayo indlela yesizwe iphinde ilungise imilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Eyaqala njengesiqalo sokuphulwa kwikomkhulu leKomiti yeDemocratic kwisakhiwo se-ofisi yeWatergate eyatyhilwa kwindlela yokusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla, kuquka ukujongwa kakubi okungekho mthethweni, ukuthintelwa kobulungisa, nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwamaqumrhu asekuhlaleni ukwenzela iinjongo zobupolitika. IBhunga eliKhetha iKomiti Yolawulo loPhondo kwiMithetho-Pronalmental Acties, ephethwe nguSam Ervin, ophethe iindlebe ezikhutshelweyo ezagquma ilizwe kunye nobunzulu bokuziphatha okubi.

Uphando lwekomiti lwavumbulula ubukho benkqubo yokukhupha i-White House efihlakeleyo, ekhokelela kwingxaki engokomGaqo-siseko ngaphezu kwelungelo eliphezulu. Xa uMongameli Richard Nixon wakwala ukukhulula iikhasethi, ikomiti kunye nomtshutshisi okhethekileyo bathatha inyathelo elisemthethweni elathi ekugqibeleni lafikelela kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo. I-United States v. iNixon yaqinisekisa ukuba akukho mntu, namongameli, ungaphezulu komthetho. Ukujonga kwizicelo kwiNdluvolo loMkhosi wabameli kunye nokukhululwa kwe "Umpu wokutsha" iteyibhithi, uNixon warhoxa warhoxa ngoAgate ngoAgatejiyo. Uphengululo lwamanzi lwabonisa amandla okuphatha iofisi ephezulu ezweni elinobuza ngetyala kwaye lwakhokelela kwiinguquko-mthetho ezilawula kwakhona eMelika.

Ugcino-lwazi lwelizwe lugcina iingxelo ezibanzi zophando lweWatergate, lubonisa impembelelo enzulu enokubakho yikomiti enye yomphathi kwimithetho yesizwe. Eli tyala limisele imizekelo ehlala ihleliyo yegunya lophando, ukhuseleko, nokunyanzeleka kokubonakala kwisebe eliphetheyo.

I-Iran-Contra Affir kunye nophando lwe-Congregational

Ishumi leminyaka emva kweWatergate, elinye ihlazo lavavanya ukuqina kobuchule bobuveleli. I-Iran-Contatra ibandakanya ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo ngokufihlakeleyo eIran, ngokophulwa kwenkqubo ye-U.S., iqhubeke iphendulelwa ukuxhasa amaContras eNicaragua, idibanisa ngokuthe ngqo uwiso-mthetho wokwaliwa kwengqungquthela. Xa eli cebo labhencwa ngo1986, iikomiti zengqungquthela ezininzi zaqalisa uphando, kuquka iKomiti Yokukhetha Inkonzo Yomkhosi Wamazwe azimeleyo eIran neNicaragua kunye neKomiti Ekhetha Indlu iHlams.

Uphando lweekomiti lwatyhila umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle wesithunzi olawulwa ngabasebenzi beHolo abamhlophe, abasebenza ngaphandle kwezibonelelo eziqhelekileyo ezisemthethweni kunye noqingqo-mali. Amagosa aye atshabalalisa amaxwebhu, alahlekisa iKhomishini, kwaye asebenzisa iimedinali ukufihla imisebenzi yolawulo. Iindlebe eziye zabonisa iingozi zamandla olawulo oluphezulu angathintelwayo, ingakumbi kwimicimbi yokhuseleko lwesizwe apho imfihlo idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuthethelela ukubhaliswa kwetyala. Ngelixa kungekho magosa aye agwetyelwe ngetyala elinzima, iziphumo zezobupolitika nezoqumrhuluneli zazibalulekile. Ingqungquthela yadlulisela iimfuno ezintsha zokwazisa ngezenzo ezigqugqithile, yaqinisa indima yabahloli jikelele, yaza kwakhona umgaqo apho iinkqubo ezicacisiweyo kufuneka zisebenze ngaphakathi komthetho.

Uphando lwe-Iran-Contra lwabonisa ucelomngeni lobuveleli kummandla wokhuseleko wesizwe, apho iikomiti kufuneka zilungelelanise imfuneko yokufihla imfihlo nemfuneko enyanzelisayo yokubona ngaphaya. Eli tyala lihlala liyintsomi elumkisayo ngethambeka elibutheleziyo ukusuka ekusebenzeni ngokuhambelana nemithetho yokuziphatha, kunye nesivumelwano kwindima engundoqo ephunyezwa ziikomiti zolawulo ekudweleni umgca.

Uphando LwangoJanuwari 6 Nokulondoloza Imimandla YamaNovesithi

Kutshanje, iHouse Khetle Committee to Investigate the Junia 6th Attack eUnited States Capitol yabonisa indima yokukhusela amaziko edemokhrasi ngokwawo. Ngonyaka wama-2021, ikomiti yenza uphando olubanzi ekuchaneni kogonyamelo kweCapitol, iziganeko ezakhokelela kuyo, kunye nemigudu yokubhukuqa unyulo lobumongameli lwama-2020. Ngodliwano-ndlebe lwezigidi zamaxwebhu, kunye nothotho lweendlebe eziphambili, ikomiti yafaka inyathelo elilungelelanisiweyo lokubhukuqa unyulo lomgaqo-siseko.

Umsebenzi wekomiti wawubalasele ngoDisemba 2022, uchaza icebo elibanzi lokuvala ubalo lwezityholo ezithi zifakwe kwindlu yamaPhondo kunye nee-Trumpans ezimbini ezichasene neTrumpans emva kokuba iqela elininzi lingavumi ukuthatha inxaxheba, kwaye ngenxa yendlela yalo esekelwe kwimigaqo-nkqubo. Ingxelo yokugqibela, eyakhululwa ngoDisemba 2022, yachaza ucwangciso olubanzi lokuvala ubalo lonyulo, kuquka uxinzelelo lwamagosa karhulumente, kuquka ukwenziwa kwabalawuli benkohliso, kunye nemigudu engqalileyo yokubandakanya iSebe lobulungisa kwiqhinga. Ikomiti yenza ulwaphulo-mthetho lwabhekisa isebe lobulungisa kwiSebe lobulungisa, incomela ukumangalelwa komongameli owayesakuba necala elininzi. Ngelixa iziphumo ezipheleleyo ezingomthetho zingekayokugqitywa, ukuphengulula ngokwayo njengekomiti enamandla esebenza njenge-odekhrasi, isebenza ngokuchasene nolawulo lwe-demokhkhkh.

Impembelelo yobulawuli kwiNkcubeko yezeNtlalo nezoHlaziyo

Isiphumo sokwanda komsebenzi wobuveleli wekomiti sidlulela kude ngaphaya kwamatyala akhethekileyo abawaphandayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukhokelo oluzinzileyo lubumba izithethe zemigaqo-nkqubo yamaziko karhulumente. Xa amagosa esazi ukuba izenzo zawo zinokuhlolisiswa yikomiti enamandla okunika amangqina namaxwebhu, basengozini yokuthobela imithetho yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, bagcine iingxelo ezichanekileyo, bajongena nesiluleko esisemthethweni ngaphambi kokuba benze okuthile. Le mpembelelo yokuthintela isoloko ibhekiswa kumsebenzi "watchdoog", kwaye yenye yezona minikelo zibalulekileyo zolawulo olufanelekileyo kulawulo lwezemigaqo.

Ngaphezu koko, iikomiti zolawulo zisebenza njengezinto ezibangela utshintsho lwezibonelelo. Iingxelo zazo zisoloko ziquka ukunconywa kweenguqu zemithetho kunye nomthetho olawulayo ezithi zichaze iingcambu zokungalungisi kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Umzekelo, umphumo weWatergate wavelisa umthetho wemigaqo yokuziphatha, kuquka ukusekwa kwe-Ofisi ye-Rhulumente Ethiscs, ukwenziwa kwamalungiselelo azimeleyo, nokomelezwa kwemithetho yezezimali yezemali. Ngokufanayo, iinguqu ezi inguqulelo zilandela inkqubo ye-Iran-Controitra zikhokelele ekunyuseni iimfuno zokwazisa ezimele imicimbi egqukuva imisebenzi yezemfundo kunye nokuyila i-Cecester Community Generalceralceral. Ezi ziins ezi ziinguqulo azisoloko zigqibelelekanga, kwaye azivunyelwanga kuphele ngenxa yokucingwa kwemcimbiso-ographicicic

Kwinqanaba lentlangano, amasebe aye ajongene nolawulo olungqongqo adla ngokukhula ngamandla angaphakathi. Abahloli jikelele, abaphathi-migaqo yolawulo, kunye nemisebenzi yophicotho-zincwadi lwangaphakathi konke kuyaqiniswa xa iikomiti zolawulo zinika uphawu lokuba zinikela ingqalelo esondeleyo. Ithemba nje lokuphulaphula linokuwanika amaziko anokuqhuba amaqumrhu awo okuhlola nokuzibika iingxaki, enethemba lokubonakalisa ukholo olulungileyo phambi kokuba ikomiti ithathe inyathelo. Oku kunamandla, maxa wambi kubizwa ngokuba "kulawula ngokulindelo," kwenza ukuba iikomiti zovelela zifikelele ngaphaya koko abasebenzi babo abalinganiselweyo kunye nobuncwane bazo banokufikelela kuko.

Ukulawula kukwafak' isandla ekuphuculweni kwemigaqo yokuziphatha kurhulumente. Ngokuyila ingxelo kawonke-wonke yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye nokuphulwa komthetho, iikomiti zinceda ekumiseleni izithethe ezikhokela ukuziphatha kuzo zonke izixhobo zikarhulumente. Le migaqo idityanisiwe kwimithetho yemithetho yemithetho yemithetho yokuziphatha, iinkqubo zoqeqesho, kunye neembono zolawulo ezinika amagosa acacileyo kuwo onke amanqanaba. I-Ofisi kaRhulumente Ethecculty, umzekelo, imimiselo echaphazela inkxwaleko yenzala, ukutyhilwa kwemali, nemiqathango yasemva kwemisebenzi esebenza kwizigidi zabasebenzi besebe besebe. Ukulawula ukuthotyelelwa kwale mithetho kunye nokutyhalela ekuhlazisweni kwemiqatha. Ngale ndlela, ulawulo alubonisi nje kodwa lusebenza ngokukhuthele ukwakhiwa korhulumente.

Iikomiti Ezilawulayo Zijamelana Neengxaki Eziqhubekayo

Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwazo, iikomiti zolawulo zisebenza kwindawo engqongileyo ebonakala njengemiqobo ephawulekayo. Ukuthatyathwa kwemimandla yezobupolitika mhlawumbi kulucelomngeni olumandundu. Kwimekobume entle, iikomiti zingabonwa njengezisebenzayo (okanye) njengoko izixhobo zokuhlasela abachasi bezobupolitika zisebenza ngokungeyonxalenye yehambo esesikweni. Xa uphando lubonwa njengoluphendu-andlel, iziphumo zazo zigatywa yisiqingatha sabanyuli-kukhetha, kwaye ukunconywa kwabo kusenokuba akunakwenzeka ukumisa. Ukulahlekelwa kwe-bistatan kululaza ukuthembeka, okuxhomekeke ekuqondeni kwayo imbono yokulunga nokuthembeka kumangqina.

Izithintelo zesakhono zikwamisela impumelelo yekomiti. Uphando olupheleleyo lufuna abasebenzi abangochwepheshe abanobuchule kumthetho, kumsebenzi wobalo, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo kawonke-wonke. Xa iikomiti zingaphantsi okanye zingaphantsi kwe-asethi, zisenokungabi nabo ubuchule bokuqhuba umsebenzi ngokucokisekileyo, zixhomekeke ekucinezeleni endaweni yoko kukhutshwa koomatshini abakhuphayo kunye nezimbo zomfuziselo. Ugqatso lwezixhobo phakathi koovimba bolawulo kunye nokuntsonkotha kwemisebenzi karhulumente luxanduva olungapheliyo. Njengoko amaqumrhu eqhubeka enkqele entlukwano nangakumbi, iikomiti kufuneka zifake ubuchule obukhethekileyo okanye zibekwe ngaphandle kwemiqatha ngokweengozi ngamaziko alindeleke ukuba ajonge.

Izithintelo ezisemthethweni zinika omnye umqobo. Ilungelo loMlawuli oPhezulu, iiyalelo zokhuseleko lwesizwe, kunye nomthetho wokwalathisa ulwazi lobuqu zingasetyenziswa zonke ukuxhathisa izicelo zeekomiti. Ngoxa iikomiti zinezixhobo zokunyanzela ukuthobela / ukuquka ii-axippoenas kunye nezicelo zokudelela, ezi zixhobo zifuna ukuvunywa kwetyala. Okwangoku, ubungqina bungatshatyalaliswa, amangqina anganyamalala, kwaye ingqalelo kawonke wonke isenokuqhubekeka. Ubuchule beekomiti zobuveleli bokusebenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye bulinganiselwe ngomthetho ocetyiswa ukuba zixhaswe.

Ukungaqiniseki okubangelwa kukuqhekeka kwamajelo-nkqubo nokungathembani kwamaziko, kukwaphelisa impembelelo yobuveleli. Kwanaxa iikomiti zityhila ububi, uluntu lusenokungakholelwa okanye lungabi nankathalo ngoko kufunyanisiweyo. Kwimeko yolwazi apho iingcamango zozungu nolunye ulwezo zixhaphakileyo, ingxelo eyinyaniso equlunqwe yikomiti ejongene noomphathi inokupheliswa ngamazwi achukumisayo. Oku kuthandabuzeka maxa wambi kufanelekile . /ikomiti ezibondayo zibophelele ngokwenene ziye zabandakanye nemidlalo yamabali esuntswana .

Ekugqibeleni, iikomiti zolawulo zijongene nocelomngeni lokulandela ngokugqitha. Ukuvelisa ingxelo enyanzelisayo akufani nokusebenzisa utshintsho. Iingcebiso ezininzi zeekomiti ziqokelela uthuli, lungahoywa ngabameli abaphandi kunye neendlu zowiso-mthetho ezilawula inkxaso yazo. Ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa ngokuqhubekayo nokuthanda kwezobupolitika, ukujongana nokusebenza okunokuba ngumsebenzi onokuthi unelise ingqumbo kawonke wonke okwexeshana kodwa ushiye imicimbi ephantsi yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha engachatshazelwanga.

Ukomeleza Ulawulo Lwexesha Elizayo

Ukuhlangabezana nezi ngxaki nokuqhubeka kuzalisekiswa kogunyaziso lwazo lwendlela yokuziphatha, iikomiti zongamela kufuneka zitshintshe. Enye indlela ethembisayo kukusetyenziswa kobugcisa ukuze kuphuculwe ukubonakala nokuhlalutya. Ugcino-lwazi oludityanisiweyo, ubuchule obungeyoyamvelo, kunye nemigangatho evulekileyo inganceda iikomiti ziqhube intabalala yolwazi ngendlela elula, zichonge iindlela ezingalunganga, zize zabelane ngeziphumo ezifunyenweyo noluntu. Ezinye izikhululo zemithetho-mthetho ziqalisile ukusebenzisa iibhodi zoonobumba zokufumana indlela yokusebenza nokuthobela ngexesha lokwenene, zikwazi ukukwazi ukuqhuba inkqubela kunokulawula.

Ulwahlulo nemibutho yasekuhlaleni lunika enye indlela yokomeleza uphando. Iintlangano zorhulumente, amaziko emfundo, kunye neentatheli eziphandayo zisoloko zinolwazi olukhethekileyo kunye nobuncwane obunokwanela umsebenzi wekomiti. Ukhuthuzo olunokunceda iikomiti ziqonde kwaye zikhusele imithombo. Iikomiti ezifanelekileyo zolawulo njengomboniso-cala wezizwe kunye ne- zivelisa uphando kunye nemigaqo enokuthi ikwazi ukucebisa iinjongo neezicelo zotshintsho. Ngokwakha imibutho yobuchule nenkxaso kawonke-wonke, iikomiti ziyakwazi ukukhuthaza impembelelo yazo zize zizikhusele ekungeneleni kwezopolitiki.

Kukwafuneka utshintsho olusemthethweni nolwenkqubo. Amazwe amaninzi aye amkela imithetho yokukhusela abavuli-mlozi ekhusela abangaphakathi abaxela ububi ekuziphindezeleni, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba iikomiti zifumane ulwazi olunokuthenjwa. Isebe lemithetho yokuziphatha elizisebenzelayo kunye nemali eqinileyo inganciphisa ukwenziwa kobuveleli ngokudala iqela labacuphi abasebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuba liliphi iqela elilawulayo.

Mhlawumbi okubaluleke kakhulu, kufuneka kubekho utshintsho kwizithethe ekujongeni imilinganiselo yokuziphatha njengexabiso eliphambili kunezifunekayo zokuthobela. Iikomiti ezilawulayo zingakhokelela ekutshintsheni oku ngokumisela isimilo ngokweenjongo zazo, ukunikela ngemfundo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kumagosa karhulumente, kunye namaqumrhu anika umvuzo abonisa imbopheleleko yokuthembeka. Injongo ayikokubamba abenzi bobubi nje kuphela kodwa kudala imekobume apho ububi bungafane buvele kwindawo yokuqala. Oku kufuna ukuba kudlulele ngaphaya kwengqiqo elinganiselweyo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha engokokuziphatha ukuze kwamkele imigaqo ebanzi yenkonzo kawonke wonke, yokulunga, nokuhlonela imigaqo yedemokhrasi.

Isiphelo

Iikomiti ezilawulayo ziphakathi kwezona migaqo-nkqubo zibalulekileyo yokulondoloza imigaqo yokuziphatha noxanduva lukarhulumente. Ngolawulo lwazo lophando, uhlolo lwemali, uvavanyo lwenkqubo, kunye nokuva uwonke wonke, zinika uvavanyo lwamandla abalulekileyo kulawulo lwedemokhrasi. Ingxelo yembali ````ukusuka kwiWatergate neIran-Contatra ukuya kuphengululo lwe-Iran' ukuya kumhla kaJanuwari--8.] Ngokufumana kwazo ingxilongo lokusebenza ngenkuthalo nangengqibelelo, zingatyhila ububi, zithintele ukuziphatha okubi kwexesha elizayo, kunye nokutshintsha imigaqo ekwahlula isiseko sorhulumente.

Kanti ezi komiti azinakungalawuleki. Ukungalawuleki kwezobupolitika, ukunqongophala koovimba, imiqobo engokwasemthethweni, nokungaqiniseki koluntu konke oku kuya kusongela ukusebenza kwazo. Ikamva lobuveleli liya kuxhomekeka ekuvumeni kwezindlu zowiso-mthetho ukuba zifakelele abasebenzi abaqeqeshileyo, zisebenzise ubugcisa obutsha, zikhusele abavuzi-zingcingo, zixhathise isilingo sokusebenzisa izixhobo zolawulo ukwenzela ukungenelwa kwabanqolobi.

Kwixesha lokuntsonkotha korhulumente nokuncipha kokuthembana kwabantu, umsebenzi weekomiti zobuveleli awuzange ube ngobaluleke ngaphezu kwangoku. Ngokuphakamisa umgaqo wokuba akukho mntu ungaphezulu komthetho nokuba onke amagunya kawonke-wonke amele aphendule ngezenzo zawo, ezi komiti ziquka isithembiso sorhulumente oziphendulela kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo. Ucelomngeni lwabaguquli nabemi ngokufanayo kukuqinisekisa ukuba uvelela kuhlala komelele, kungakhethi buso, kwaye kusebenza ngokunempumelelo.