public-policy-and-governance
Impembelelo Yeenguqu Zenkqubo Kubaphathi BeziXeko
Table of Contents
Umlinganiselo Weenguqu Zenkqubo Ezichaphazela Imisebenzi Yezixeko
Abaphathi bezixeko basebenza njengabaphathi-mikhosi abayintloko boomasipala, abajongene nokuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo emiselwe ngabasemagunyeni abanyuliweyo ngoxa bevelela imisebenzi yentsuku-suku yamasebe esixeko. Namhlanje ukutshintsha kwemeko etshintsha ngokukhawuleza, inkqubo ngezantsi. Ukususwa kwemiyalelo emitsha karhulumente, umthetho wengingqi, okanye imigaqo-mthetho yasekuhlaleni, okanye imigaqo-mthetho yezomthetho-kongingqi, .. /_ingcaciso-mali ezi ingcali zinika abasebenzi oovimba bemali, abasebenzi, kwaye ziphumeza iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke-wonke. Ngenxa yokuba i-othe dolophu ilawula phantse zonke iinka zobomi boluntu, ukusuka kumgangatho wamanzi ukuya kuphuhlisoluntu, kwanotshintsho oluthoba lunokuxhokomela iziphumo zokusebenza. Ukuqonda ezi ziphumo ezi zinyanzelo zinyanzeke kakhulu kubaphathi besixeko kodwa kwaneenkokeli, abasebenzi, abasebenzi, nabahlali bemi bafuna ukubona uluntu ukuba baqhubeke.
Utshintsho lwenkqubo lunqabile ukuba lwenzeke ngokuzihlalela. Umgaqo omtsha wokusingqongileyo, umzekelo, ungafuna uhlaziyo ekwakheni ikhowudi, iinguqu kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwenkunkuma, kunye noqeqesho olongezelelekileyo kubaphathi bolawulo lwekhowudi. Ngokufanayo, ukutshintshwa kwemithetho yemfundo yemali yephondo kungachaphazela ulungiso lwekomkhulu lesixeko kunye neenkqubo zerhafu zasekuhlaleni. Abaphathi beziXeko ngoko kufuneka bagcine uphandle olubanzi lwenkqubo kuzo zonke imigangatho, baqwalasele indlela ezo zenzo ezizakubachaphazela ngayo abantu, kwaye bakhe iinkqubo zangaphakathi eziguqukayo ezinokuchaphazamka kwaye ziphumele kwiimfuno ezintsha zerhafuno zerhafu zerha ngaphandle kokuphazamisa iinkonzo eziyimfuneko.
Ulawulo lohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali phantsi komgangatho omtsha
Mhlawumbi owona mphumela ukhawulezileyo wotshintsho lwenkqubo kumsebenzi wemihla ngemihla wesixeko uxhomekeke kulawulo loqingqo-mali. Iinkqubo ze-Fiscal . "ezifana nohlaziyo lwerhafu, ukunika imigaqo-mali, kunye nomlinganiselo wamatyala wentlawulo-nkqubo yemali] ngokungqalileyo ziphembelela imijelo yengeniso kunye neendleko zoomasipala. Xa inkampani yemithetho-mthetho yemiba yemali yamazwe yanda okanye inciphisa intlawulo lwengeniso eyabelwe kunye nemali efunyenweyo, abaphathi besixeko kufuneka baphinde baphinde babale ngokukhawuleza imali efumanekayo kunye nohlahlolo lwemali lwamaziko ngoko. Oku kungabandakanya ukubuyiselwa kwemisebenzi emikhulu, ukuqhaqhaqha, okanye ukuqhatha kwemali evela kucwangciso olunye ukuze kugcinwe ukuthobela nokuhla.
Ukuqhelana Nokutshintsha Iimfuno Zokunikela
Umanyano kunye norhulumente zinika inkxaso-mali ekhethekileyo yokwenza i-millimeter kunye neemeko zokuthobela. Xa inkqubo itshintsha ezi mfuneko, abaphathi besixeko kufuneka baphinde basuse imisebenzi eqhubekayo kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, babuyisela imali okanye bafune izithintelo. Umzekelo, irejista entsha yesiseko sombuso ingenza imo elungelelanisa ukulondolozwa kwemeko-bume, ifuna ukuba izixeko zifake iprojekthi eluhlaza kwindlela kunye nemisebenzi yebhulorho eyayicelwe ukusebenzisa iindlela eziqhelekileyo. Umphathi wesixeko kufuneka asebenze neenjineli, ii-areatation, kunye nesiluleko esisemthethweni sokulungisa iinjongo zeprojekthi, ii-ontactlinesss, zonke ezona zimele zigcine ibhulophu yesixeko kunye nolwazi lukawonke.
Izixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo
Ukunciphisa i-fiscal DEVC, abaphathi abaninzi besixeko baxhasa ugcino lwemali ephilileyo egcina ibhange elinokufunxa inkqubo emifutshane. Kodwa, kwanogcino-mthetho luneemeko ezithintelayo: amanye amaphondo athintela ukuba zingaphi oomasipala bemali abanokubamba kwii-akhawunti ezingamiselwanga. Utshintsho lwenkqubo olukhulula okanye oluqinisayo loo miqathango luchaphazela ngqo amandla omphathi wesixeko ukuceba ukungaqiniseki. Ukuvelisa uqikelelo lwemali oluneminyaka emininzi oluquka imigaqo eyahlukeneyo kuba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokulungisa ezi nguqu.
Ulungiso loMsebenzi nooVimba boMntu
Iinguqu zenkqubo ezinxulumene nomthetho wemisebenzi, ulwalamano lomsebenzi, kunye neenzuzo zabasebenzi basekuhlaleni zineziphumo ezinzulu nezisebenzisekayo kubaphathi besixeko. Umthetho omtsha ohlawulwa ngokuncinane, umzekelo, ungachaphazela umqulu wemali ehlawulwayo wesixeko kubasebenzi abafumana inxalenye yexesha, njengesebe elisebenza kwipaki okanye iziko loluntu. Ukutshintsha okuninzi okuntsonkothileyo, njengokutshintsha imithetho egqithisiweyo phantsi kwemithetho esetyenziswayo phantsi kwe-Moir Labor Standard Act okanye iimfuno zikarhulumente omtsha wekhefu ehlawulwayo, kufuneka abaphathi besixeko balungise imigaqo-nkqubo yemisebenzi, ukuhlaziya iinkqubo zokugcina ixesha, kunye neentloko zamasebe amatsha emibango yokuthotho.
Ukubuyela Kwizinto
Kwishishini labasebenzi elikhuphisanayo, iinguqu zenkqubo zinokuveza amandla esixeko okutsala nokugcina isiphiwo. Umthetho ochaphazela iinzuzo zempesheni, ukuthelekisa amalungelo eqela, okanye ukulingana komsebenzi owenziwe lisebe loluntu kunokwenza umsebenzi woburhulumente ube nomtsalane ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zoncedo lwecandelo labucala. Abaphathi bezixeko kufuneka balungelelanise imfuneko yokunika iimali ezithelekisa ukukhutshwa kwemali nokungahlawulwa kwemali yabo kunye nemithetho esemthethweni. Basoloko besebenza ngokusondeleleneyo nabaphathi bezobuncwane babantu kunye nabameli bamaqumrhu ukuze baqhube izivumelwano ezizaneemfuno zemithetho kunye neemfuno zemisebenzi.
Uqeqesho nophuhliso
Xa iinkqubo zigunyazisa ubuchule obutsha okanye iziqinisekiso zekhompyutha `njengengqeqesho yoqeqesho lwe-IT yabasebenzi okanye ubuchule bokuthoba isantya sabaphathi-mikhosi/iinqanawa kufuneka balungelelanise uqeqesho, ukunikezela, nokuqinisekisa ukugqitywa kwemali. Lo msebenzi womsebenzi unokuba lucelomngeni kwizixeko ezinkulu apho amakhulu abaqeshwa kufuneka baqeqeshwe kwifestile emfutshane. Amaqonga obugcisa afana neenkqubo zolawulo (LMS) anokunceda, kodwa ukusebenza kusenokufuna ukhokelo nolongamelo kwiofisi yomphathi wesixeko.
Utshintsho lokhuseleko loluntu
Utshintsho lwemithetho ejolise ekuphuculeni iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke lusoloko luguqulela kwii-arhente ezisebenza kakhulu. Umzekelo, utshintsho kwimithetho yolawulo lwenkunkuma eqinileyo lungafuna isixeko ukuba sifumane ubugcisa obutsha bokubuyisela inkunkuma, utshintsho kwindlela zokuqokelela, okanye ukufundisa abahlali ngongcoliso. Ngokufanayo, utshintsho lokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke olufana nokusetyenziswa kwemigaqo yekhamera okanye utshintsho ekusetyenzisweni kwemiqathango ye-odonga.
Izinto Zokuthutha kunye Nehlokondiba
Inkqubo yezothutho iyatshintsha, nokuba kumgangatho wesitrato (imithetho emitsha) okanye umgangatho wemali esetyenziswayo (ukusetyenziswa kwemali ephambili), iyakwazi ukubuyisela indlela yesixeko ekulungisweni kwendlela, ekuhanjisweni, nasekukhuseleni abantu abahamba ngezinyawo. Abaphathi bezixeko bangafuna ukunxibelelana nabaphathi bezothutho bengingqi, ukuhlaziya ixesha lemiboniso yeenqwelo-moya, nokutshintsha indlela zokunqumla iitrafiki ukuze zihambisane nemilinganiselo emitsha yokusetyenziswa okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi emininzi. Ezi zinto, nangona zingasoloko zibonwa nguwonke wonke, zibalulekile ekulondolozeni ukuhamba kakuhle kwesixeko.
Ukuhlahlela kwempilo ekwimekobume neyoluntu
Imimiselo emitsha yemekobume .enjengemigangatho yomgangatho womoya ongqongqo okanye iimfuno zokubuyisela ipayipi ezingundoqo . "ibeka uxinezeleko olubalulekileyo kumatshini osetyenziswayo wesixeko kunye namasebe omsebenzi kawonke-wonke. Abaphathi bezixeko kufuneka balungelelanise izicwangciso zokuphucula ikomkhulu elide kunye nexesha lokuthobela, ngokufuthi befuna inkxaso yangaphandle okanye besenza umanyano kunye namaziko akufuphi ukuze babelane ngeendleko. I-COVIID-19 ekhoyo ibonisa indlela ekhawuleza ngayo imigaqo-nkqubo yonyango lukawonke wonke enokuthi ingene kuyo yonke imiba yemisebenzi yesixeko, ukusuka ekuvulweni kwakhona kwezakhiwo zethala leencwadi ukulungisa iinkonzo zokusasa ukusasaza ukusasazo zokugotyiso.
Ukunyanzelisa Ulawulo Neengxaki Ezingokwasemthethweni
Uqikelelo lokuba isebe ngalinye lesixeko libambelele kwimimiselo emitsha, umsebenzi oqhubekayo, onika izibonelelo. Utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo lungachaphazela imvume yokusingqongileyo, ukuhlolwa komsebenzi, izigqibo zokwakha, iinkqubo zokufumana imicimbi, kunye nokhuseleko lwezogcino-lwazi. Umphathi wesixeko kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba abasebenzi bayazi kakuhle iimfuno ezintsha kwaye iinkqubo zangaphakathi zihlaziywa ngokukhawuleza ukuze kuphetshwe ityala okanye ukuphulukana nemali.
Ukulawula iingozi ngeenkqubo
Abaphathi-mikhosi abaninzi besixeko baqhuba inkqubo yophicotho-zincwadi rhoqo ukuchonga imisantsa ekhoyo kunye nemigangatho equkunjelweyo yomthetho. Umzekelo, umthetho karhulumente oyandisa iimfuno ezivulekileyo zentlanganiso ungenza iinguqu kwindlela ezicwangciswe ngayo iibhunga zesixeko kwaye zivelise imizuzu. Umphathi wesixeko kufuneka asebenze nomphathi wesixeko ukuze ahlaziye iinkqubo, amalungu ebhunga loqeqesho, kwaye afake imali kwi-software entsha yokudlulisa. Olu hlengahlengiso lubonakala luncinane, xa lwanda kwiindawo ezininzi zemithetho, lubumba inxalenye ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi wemihla ngemihla womphathi wesixeko.
Isenzo sokuzicinezela
Xa iinguqu zenkqubo zididekile okanye ziphikisana, abaphathi besixeko basenokujamelana nocelomngeni olungokwasemthethweni oluvela kubemi, kumashishini, okanye kumaqela okuphatha inzala-mali. Uhlolo olusemthethweni oludla ngokunxulumaniswa negqwetha lesixeko, lunganceda ekuphepheni ukumangalelwa ngokuqinisekisa ukuba amalungiselelo okuzalisekisa asemthethweni ayathintelwa. Kwezinye iimeko, abaphathi besixeko bakwabandakanyeka kwimicimbi yowiso-mthetho, benika amagosa obugcisa iziphumo ezisebenzayo zeenguqu ezicetyisiweyo zemithetho engakabi ngumthetho.
Ubuxhakaxhaka njengesixhobo sokuzinzisa umgaqo-nkqubo
Abaphathi besixeko sangoku baxhomekeke kakhulu kubugcisa bokugcina isantya notshintsho lwenkqubo. Iinkqubo zobuchule (ERP) zobuchule bokwenza indalo, kunye nezixhobo zomsebenzi zokulinganisa ukujikeleza zingaqwalasela ukusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi, zinciphise ukufakwa komsebenzi wezandla, zize zivelise iingxelo zexesha lokwenene kubenzi bezomthetho. Umzekelo, xa inkqubo entsha ifuna ukulandelelwa kokukhutshwa kwekharbon kwizithuthi zesixeko, ulwando lwe-software yolawulo lwenqanawa lungafuneka luqokelele kwaye luhlolisise ugcino-data.
Ulawulo logcino-lwazi kunye nemicimbi yezobuqu
Utshintsho lwenkqubo kwimicimbi yogcino-lwazi olunxulumene nokufihla imfihlo kwe-data . olufana nezenzo zobuqu zikarhulumente, luchaphazela nendlela amagosa ezixeko aqokelela ngayo, agcina, abelane ngolwazi. Abaphathi bezixeko kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba abathengisi babo bobugcisa bayavumelana nemigangatho emitsha kwaye imigaqo yokusingatha ugcino-lwazi ihlaziywa. Oku kusoloko kubandakanya ukusebenzisana nabalawuli be-IT kunye nesiluleko somthetho ukuqhuba iingxelo zemfihlo kunye nokuhlaziya iinkqubo ze-mfihlo ezisetyenziswa nguwonke-wonke.
Ukuthunyelwa kwenkonzo yamanani
Iinguqu kwinkqubo ekhuthaza utshintsho lwamanani .Njengokuba isakhiwo se-intanethi sivumela ukuthobela okanye iintlanganiso zenyani-besewonke, zinganyusa ukuphumelela kodwa zifune intengo ephambili yotyalo-mali lwangaphambili. Abaphathi bezixeko kufuneka bavavanye ixabiso lezixhobo ezinjalo nxamnye nezinye izinto eziphambili zemali, kwaye kufuneka balawule inkqubo yokutshintsha kwabasebenzi kunye nabemi abasenokuba abaqhelene neenkqubo ezintsha.
Ukwakha Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Esebenzayo
Kungenxa yobuninzi nokungaqiniseki kotshintsho lwenkqubo, abaphathi besixeko abanakuthatha inyathelo ngokulula kwimfuno nganye entsha njengoko ivela. Endaweni yoko, bakha izakhiwo ezigxininisa ubhetyebhetye, uqeqesho, kunye nocwangciso lwemifanekiso. Oku kungabandakanya ukwenza iqela elikhawulezayo lolawulo lwesixeko elinokulinganisa utshintsho kunye nokucebisa ukwenziwa kweenkqubo ngeentsuku, kunokuba kucetywe iiveki.
Ukulungelelaniswa kwengqiqo
Iinguqu zenkqubo azifane zichaphazele isebe elinye. Ngokomzekelo, imvume entsha yokufumana izindlu ezithengwayo, ingafuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo phakathi kokuceba, imisebenzi kawonke-wonke, inkqubela yezoqoqosho, kunye neofisi yegqwetha lesixeko. Abaphathi bezixeko badla ngokuhlanganisa imikhosi yemisebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iimbono ezifanelekileyo ziyaqwalaselwa kwaye akukho sebe lishiyekileyo ukuze kusebenze utshintsho lodwa. Le ndlela yokusebenzisana isenokunciphisa umgudu kwaye incede ukuchaza iingxabano ezinokwenzeka kwasekuqaleni.
Izithethe Eziqhubekayo
Ngokukhuthaza impucuko eqhubekekayo, abaphathi besixeko bangabhenela kwimibutho yabo. Abasebenzi abakhuthazayo ukucebisa izinto ezintsha, ihambo emva kokuhlola ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo, kunye nokubelana ngezifundo ezifundwe kwisebe ngalinye benza umbutho oxhotyiselwe bhetele ukusingatha iinguqulelo zexesha elizayo. Abaphathi bezixeko abaninzi bakwafuna inkqubela-phambili yezobugcisa ngemibutho enjenge International City/Colity Management Association (ICMA) ukuze bahlale benolwazi ngezenzo ezingcono kunye nenkqubo eqalisayo.
Unxulumano olucwangcisiweyo nomntu othatha inxaxheba
Ukutshintsha kwemigaqo kusenokubadida okanye kuphazamisa abasebenzi basedolophini kunye noluntu. Ubuchule bomphathi wesixeko bokunxibelelana nengcaciso, ixesha kunye neziphumo ezilindelekileyo zotshintsho lubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukuthembana nokufezekiswa okugudileyo. Oku kubandakanya ukwenza ii-imeyili, imisebenzi, izibhengezo zikawonke-wonke, kwakunye nokungenisa iintlanganiso zeholo yedolophu okanye ii-intanethi ukuze kuphendulwe imibuzo ngokungqalileyo.
Unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi
Abaqeshwa kufuneka baqonde hayi ukuba yiyiphi inkqubo entsha, kodwa kwakhona indlela echaphazela ngayo umsebenzi wabo wemihla ngemihla nenkxaso abangayilindelayo. Abaphathi bezixeko basoloko bebamba zonke ii-paftifishs, benza amaxwebhu, kunye neengqwele zecandelo elinomgangatho okhethekileyo ezinokutyala kwaye zinikezele ngezakhono. Oku kucaca kwangaphakathi kunciphisa ukuchasana kunye neempazamo ngexesha lotshintsho.
Isivumelwano Sangaphandle
Kuluntu olubanzi, abaphathi besixeko basebenza namagosa olwazi lukawonke-wonke ukulungiselela uhlaziyo olufike ngexesha elifanelekileyo nge-website yesixeko, i-website yezentlalo-ntle, kunye nezibhengezo zoluntu zobulali. Xa utshintsho lwenkqubo luchaphazela iinkonzo ezingundoqo . "njengendlela entsha yomgangatho wamanzi okanye iiyure ezilungisiweyo zepaki-"imanejaji yesixeko iqinisekisa ukuba izinto zokufumana zifumaneka ngeelwimi ezininzi neefomati. Abagcini-mathengi bemibutho bayakwazi ukuveza inkxalabo eluncedo ekusenokuba ibingalindelwanga ngexesha lokwenza iprojelo, ukuvumela isixeko ukuba silungise icebo lokusebenza ngaphambi kokuba iingxaki ziqhubeke.
Isiphumo: Indima ejikelezayo yabaPhathi-mikhosi
Iinguqu zenkqubo azizizo nje iziganeko zangaphandle abamele bazenze abaphathi besixeko; ziyinxalenye esisiseko yemekobume apho ulawulo lwale dolophu lusebenza khona. Ubuchule bokukhangela, ukutolika, nokuzalisekisa iinkqubo ezintsha ngokunempumelelo kwaye ngokunempumelelo bahlula abaphathi besixeko abaphumelelayo kwabo bazama ukumelana nobunzima bokutshintsha okuqhubekayo. Ngokuqinisa uqingqo-mali, ukuveliswa koqoqosho, ubugcisa bokuzixhamla, kunye nokuphuhlisa unxibelelwano olucacileyo, abaphathi besixeko bangaguqula imingeni-nkqubo ibe ngamathuba okuphuculwa komsebenzi nokuthenjwa kwabantu.
Njengoko izixeko zijongene neemeko-bume ezintsonkothileyo eziya zitshintsha ngokuqhubekayo, zisuka ekutshintsheni kwezoqoqosho ziye ekutshintsheni kwemichiza, ziya kuqhubeka ziguquka. Abo basebenzisa indlela esebenzayo nelungeleleneyo yokusebenza kwemigaqo baza kubekwa kwisikhundla esingcono ekukhokeleleni abantu babo ukutyhubela ukungazithembi nokujolise kwikamva elivunyiweyo. Ukuqhubeka befunda ngemisebenzi engcono kulawulo lukarhulumente wasekuhlaleni, i-International City/Coality Managemental Guide Association (ICMA) inika oovimba abaninzi bemithetho nesikhokelo. Ngaphezu koko, uManyano lweSizwe lwaseCities (NLC) lunika ulwando lwezomthetho oluchaphazela oomasipala. Okokugqibela, iRhulumentens Prisons Associations Associations translations transformations transfertiveigdated sy (GOA) inikela ukhokelo lwezimgalelo lwezomthetho-yoliventi yezo zolawulo lorhulumente zasekuhlaleni.