Ukungalingani okufunyenweyo njengocelomngeni lomgangatho kaRhulumente

Ukungalingani kwengeniso kulo lonke elaseUnited States kuhlala kuphakanyiswe ngemigangatho yembali, kodwa ubukhulu bolwahluko bahluka kakhulu ukusuka kumazwe ngamazwe ukuya kwelinye. Olu tshintsho alungokhetho oluzenzekelayo, olubunjwe ngenkqubo eyahlukileyo yemigaqo ewisiweyo kumgangatho karhulumente. Ngoxa irhafu karhulumente kunye neenkqubo zokudlulisa imigaqo yesizwe zimisela umgaqo wesizwe, izigqibo ezizodwa ezenziwa ngabalawuli kunye neemithetho-siseko sorhulumente kwirhafu, ukuhlawula iindleko, kunye nomgaqo ekugqibeleni umisela unikezelo lwethuba lezoqoqosho kwimida yabo.

Irhuluneli iphethe isikhundla esinamandla akhethekileyo kule misebenzi inamandla. Njengoko umphathi oyintloko wezwe, irhuluneli imisela ucwangciso lomthetho, icebisa uqingqo-mali lwaminyaka le, kwaye isebenzisa ipesenti ye-veto. Ezi zixhobo zivumela irhuluneli ukuba iphembelele ukhuthuzo lwezoqoqosho nokhuseleko lwemali lwabemi bayo. Ukuqonda unxulumano phakathi kokhokelo lwequatorial jini kunye nengeniso kungundoqo ekuqondeni impilo ebanzi yezoqoqosho yohlanga.

Ukulinganisa umhlaba wethu: Indlela Ukungalingani komgangatho karhulumente okudityanisiweyo ngayo

Ukuvavanya impembelelo yenkqubo, kunceda ukuqonda indlela yokulinganiswa. Eyona iqhelekileyo imetric yi-Gini engasebenziyo, esukela ku 0 (ukulingana okugqibeleleyo) ukuya ku-1 (ukungalingani okugqibeleleyo). Amazwe anjenge New York ne California abonisa i-Ginibations eziphezulu, ebonisa isithuba esibanzi phakathi kwabafumana imali ephezulu kunye nosezantsi. I-Alaska ne Utah athambeka ukubonisa unikezelo lwengeniso oluthe chatha.

Eminye imilinganiso ebalulekileyo iquka [ umlinganiselo , othelekisa umvuzo ophezulu we 10 ekhulwini wabavuni nomzantsi weshumi ekhulwini, kunye nemilingo ye- yendlela yezoqoqosho [, elinganisa ukuba umntwana ozalelwe emazantsi e-i-injini iza kufikelela kwi-atkinti ephezulu njenge-akulu. Le ngxaki inokuba nolwahluko oluphezulu kodwa lungashukumiyo (imeko ephezulu"intengiselwano), okanye inokuba nobuhlwempu obunganyanisi obuthelekayo kodwa obungapheliyo (iii-i-i-i-injini"i-i-i-i-injini"i-i-i-injini"i-projectletialssssssss synding).

Idata ethembekileyo yezi zifaniso ikhona nge U.S. uvavanyo lobunani lwaseMelika yoluntu kunye ne-Economic Policy Institute[ zombini ezinika ugqatso lwemo-mnyaka.

Izixhobo zeRhuluneli: ILevars yoHlalutyo loMmandla wezezoqoqosho

Imigaqo-nkqubo yezemali neMimiselo yeNtloko

Ikhowudi yerhafu yesona sixhobo singqalileyo esikhoyo kwirhuluneli ukuphembelela ukungalingani kwengeniso yasemva kwerhafu. Iindawo nezigqibo ezinxulumene nerhafu yengeniso yobuqu, irhafu yeshishini, nerhafu yentengiso zineziphumo ezikhawulezileyo nezinokuthengwa kukusasazwa kwengeniso elahlwayo.

[[NTLT:0] Irhafu yengeniso ehlawulwayo, apho abavuni behlawula ipesenti enkulu yengeniso yabo, basisixhobo esinamandla sokunciphisa ukungalingani kwerhafu yasemva kwerhafu. Amazwe athe amkela irhafu eqhubekekayo, njengeKhalifoniya, New York, kunye neMinesota, atyekele ekubeni noovimba abaninzi bemali kawonke-wonke kunye nomsantsalo omncinane phakathi kwabavuzi bengeniso ephezulu nasezantsi emva kokuhlawula irhafumrhuma nokuthumela. Ngokuphikisana noko, irhafu yerhafu yerhafu eninzi [ okanye ukuxhomekeka okukhulu irhafu yerhafu yorhwebo yorhwebo oluthe kratyayo, njengoko ifumana ingeniso eninzi.

Ukuma kwerhuluneli kwizikhuthazo zerhafu kunye neetyala kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ulwandiso lwezwe olufunyenweyo lwemali yerhafu (ETC) lujongwa ngokubanzi njengenye yezona zixhobo zezixhobo ezisebenzayo ezikhoyo. Inika umvuzo, imivuzo, kwaye ifaka imali ezandleni zamakhaya afumana imali ephantsi kwexabiso eliphezulu. Ukhokelo lwe-Gubernator lugxekwa ekuxhaseni okanye ekuthinteleni ulwandolo.

Izinto Eziza Kuqala Kuqingqo - mali Nemali Ephambili

Isicelo serhuluneli soqingqo-mali sityhila ezona zinto ziphambili. Isabelo esikhulu soninzi loqingqo-mali lukarhulumente sisiya ku K-12] imfundo. Indlela irejista yombuso engenisa ngayo isikolo sayo sasekuqaleni kunye ne-Preglates (enokuthi ibangele umahluko phakathi kwemihlaba yezityebi namahlwempu) okanye umgangatho wokulungelelanisa iinkqubo zemali zephondo ``````iziphumo zomgangatho womgangatho womgangatho womgangatho womntu zichaphazela abafundi abasuka kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo zezoqoqosho.' iinkokeli ezithelekisa imfundo yabantwana bakuqala kunye ne-Progss zikwanceda umgangatho wokudlala phambi kokuba abantwana bangene kwinkqubo yesikolo esesikweni.

Ngaphaya kwemfundo, ulwando lweMedicaid phantsi koMthetho we-Affordal Care Act luye lwaba ngumba ochazayo kubalawuli kwishumi leminyaka elidlulileyo. Ukwandisa iMedicaid kuphucula ukufikelela kwimpilo, kunciphisa amatyala ezempilo, kwaye kunika uzinzo lwemali kwiintsapho ezisebenzayo. Amazwe awandisa iMedicaid aye abona unyuko olulungelekayo kwimpilo yemali kunye nonciphiso kwiindleko zenkathalo ezingahliswangangeni, ngelixa lamazwe angenayo asoloko enamanani aphezulu abantu abangakhange bafumanekelwe kunye nezibhedlele ezihlala ezisemaphandleni.

Ukuveliswa kwemali kwimfundo ephakamileyo nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kukwanendima ebalulekileyo.

Ulungiso lorhwebo lwezemali kunye nomvuzo omncinci

Impembelelo yerhuluneli phezu komvuzo omncinci ibalulekile. Kukungabikho kolwando olubalulekileyo kumgangatho worhulumente, amazwana aye aba yindawo yokuqala yokulwa le nkqubo. Irhuluneli ezityobela umthetho onyusela umvuzo omncinci ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya kwi-R2,5 yeyure okanye ngaphezulu ngokuthe ngqo kwingeniso yabasebenzi abahlawulwa kancinci. Uphando olusuka kwi- Bureau of Economic Research[ namanye amaziko abonisa ukuba umvuzo ophakathi unyuswa ngemivuzo encinane encinane ngeziphumo ezingentlayo emsebenzini, ingakumbi kwiimarikethi ezisebenza nzima.

Ezinye iinkqubo zentengiso zezentengiso phantsi kwempembelelo yempuku ziquka intsapho ehlawulwayo kunye nekhefu lezamayeza , iintsuku ezigulayo [, kwaye [ izivumelwano ezingadityaniswanga [. Iinkokeli ezixhasayo zishiya iinkqubo zinceda ukuhlisa ingeniso yabasebenzi abajamelene neengxaki zempilo okanye ukuzalwa komntwana. Inkxaso yokuthintela imiqathango yokusebenza nokusebenza kunye nemivuzo, ingakumbi kushishino ephantsi kwemveliso efana nokutya kunye nentengiso.

Izindlu Nemeko Eyakhekileyo

Ukufumaneka kwemali yokufumana indawo yokuhlala kuvele njengomnye wabaqhubi abaphakathi bokungalingani kwezoqoqosho. Kumaphondo aphezulu, ixabiso lezindlu lisebenzisa isabelo esibalulekileyo sengeniso, ukurhoxa ngokunempumelelo kwingeniso ephezulu okanye kwirhafu. Irhuluneli zinempembelelo enkulu kwimithetho yezindlu ngokubekwa kwemithetho yezolawulo, umhlaba usebenzisa ummiselo, kunye nemali yemigangatho yemali yokuthembeka kwezindlu.

Irhuluneli ezinyanzela ulawulo lwendawo ukuvumela ukuphuhliswa komgangatho ophezulu kwimimandla yesixeko esinexabiso elikhulu zithatha injongo ecacileyo kwisizathu esingunobangela wexabiso lokungalingani okuphilayo. Kwelinye icala, imithetho engqongqo yokukhulula ethintela oorhulumente basekuhlaleni ekumiseleni ulawulo okanye ekubekeni izithuba ezikhoyo izixhobo zokulawula ukufumaneka kwemali. Indlela yerhuluneli yokunikela nokukhusela ilahleko kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela izoqoqosho kumgangatho waphantsi kunye nombindi abahlali.

Ubungqina Obusekelwe Kuko: Indlela Amapolisa Aye Ayenza Ngayo

Imodeli Eqhubekayo: Ukuveliswa Kwemali Ephakamileyo, Irhafu Ephakamileyo

Amazwe anjengeKhalifoniya, New York, Oregon, kunye neMassachusetts alandela umzekelo owakhiwe kwirhafu ephezulu kwizityebi, kwiminatha yokhuseleko oluqinileyo loluntu, kunye nokhuseleko olunamandla lomsebenzi. Iziphumo ziphawuleka kodwa zinzima. La mazwe athambeka ngokuba namanani aphantsi obuhlwempu emva kokuthunyelwa kunelizwe elininzi. Iinetha zawo zokhuseleko ziyasebenza ekuqaliseni umzantsi.

Noko ke, zikwajongene nocelomngeni olunzulu. Iindleko zezindlu eziphezulu eziqhutywa kukuqeshwa okungqongqo nokufunwa kakhulu ziye zatyhalela iintsapho ezisezantsi neziphakathi kwimimandla engaphandle okanye ngaphandle kombuso ngokupheleleyo. Ixabiso lokuphila, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezisemadolophini, zingayekelela iinzuzo zeenzuzo eziphezulu zemali kunye nomvuzo. Ngaphezu koko, la mazwe abonisa kakhulu umsitho [, ukungabikho kolwazi oluphezulu kwabasebenzi abasebenza bezobugcisa nabasebenzi abahlala kwizixeko ezibiza imali ephantsi.

Imodeli yeTax esezantsi: Ukwanda nobuninzi

Amazwe afana neTexas, Florida, Tennessee, ne Nevada aye athatha indlela eyahlukileyo: irhafu ephantsi, imithetho ephantsi, nokujolisa phambili kwimitsalane yezoshishino. La maphondo aye abona ukwanda komsebenzi, ingakumbi ekwakheni, kwizifundo zobugcisa, kunye nokubuk ’ iindwendwe. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi olu lwando lunyusa ukunyuka kwazo zonke izikhephe, zinika amathuba okusebenza abasebenzi abasebenzi abanobuchule bokubulala abambalwa.

Abahlalutyi bathi, lo mzekelo usoloko uvelisa ukungalingani kwasemva kothengiso. Ngenxa yokuba la mazwe axhomekeke kakhulu kwirhafu ephinda-phindiweyo yerhafu yenkampani, umthwalo werhafu uphezulu kakhulu kubantu abafumana imali ephantsi. Amanetha okhuseleko adla ngokungabi nasisa, kwaye amanani abantu abangakhuselwanga aphezulu. Iziphumo zingaba "impumelelo" uqoqosho olunika amathuba aphezulu okutsala kodwa lunika inkxaso esezantsi kwabo batsala nzima. Ukukhula komsebenzi kula maphondo kudla ngokulingana namaqela olwazi oluphezulu okanye amacandelo enkonzo aphantsi, kunye "ooklova" nemisebenzi ephakathi.

Umvuzo noMqobo woMgaqo-nkqubo okhethekileyo

  • Imo ye-EITCs: Njengoko kuphawulwe ngaphambili, ulwandiso lwe-EITC sisixhobo esinempumelelo kakhulu. Irhuluneli eqhubela phambili ukwenza urhulumente we-EITC ungabi nabungozi kwaye enesisa ineziphumo ezinokuphinda ziphele kumlinganiselo wobuhlwempu babantwana.
  • Intengiso yemali: Abalawuli abaninzi kutshanje baqhwabel ’ ityala lerhafu kumgangatho wombuso kunye neenkqubo zokuhlawula ngokungqalileyo. Ngo-2023, ichaza njengo-Minnesota, irhafu engqinileyo yesizwe enconywayo yabantwana enconyelwe ukunqumla ubuhlwempu ngowesithathu. Le migaqo ingumzekelo ocacileyo wokhokelo lwempatho elawulayo eguqulela kumgangatho ocuthekileyo.
  • Imithetho esekunene ukuya kumsebenzi: Ngokweemeko ezigqithiselwe kwimithetho yomsebenzi, uphando lubonisa iziphumo ezingalunganga kwimivuzo, ingakumbi kubasebenzi abamanyeneyo. Ngexesha abaxhasi bemithetho bephikisa ukuba le mithetho itsale utyalo-mali lwezoshishino, ubungqina obusukayo bucebisa ukuba batyekele kwimivuzo ephantsi kwaye bandise ukungalingani kwabasebenzi bemveliso.

Iinqobo Zamandla Okuqubha

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba irhuluneli ayisebenzi ngegunya elipheleleyo. Imiqathango ebalulekileyo yesakhiwo ilinganisela amandla abo okuphembelela ukungalingani.

Urhulumente owahluleleneyo yinto eyinyaniso eqhubekayo. Irhafu yerhuluneli elinelunda okanye izicelo zokuchitha imali zingafa xa ikhona indlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe ilawulwa liqela eliphikisayo. Impumelelo yemithetho ehlelileyo isoloko ixhomekeke kwikomkhulu lezobupolitika lerhuluneli kwaye ikulungele ukulalanisa okanye ukusebenzisa imiyalelo yegunya.

Imfuno zoqingqo-mali eziqikelelekileyo, ezikhoyo phantse kulo lonke urhulumente, zinyanzelela iirhuluneli ukuba zenze ukhetho ngendlela urhulumente wezwe elingekhoyo. Isigqibo sokusika iirhafu zezityebi kufuneka zikhatshwe ngokusoloko zikhatshwa kukusetyenziswa okanye ukwanda kwezinye iirhafu, ezinokuthi zenze umonakalo kwiinkqubo ezixhasa abemi abangenayo. Oku kunyanzelela ukuba urhwebo lwe-zerom lungabi nzima ukuqhuba.

Ukhuphiswano lweInterstate lwamashishini kunye nabemi abafikayo basebenza njengegunya lokuqeqesha. Iirhuluneli kufuneka zilinganisele inzuzo epheleleyo yerhafu ephezulu nxamnye nomngcipheko wokufuduka. Ngoxa ubungqina obudibeneyo bokufuduka kwerhafu buxubene (abantu abaninzi bafuduka befuna imisebenzi okanye intsapho, hayi irhafu), abantu abafumana imali eninzi bahambayo, kwaye irhuluneli ayinakukwazi ukukungakukukukucingela oku ngokupheleleyo.

Ekugqibeleni, ukukhutshwa okungagqibekanga kunye isalathisi somthetho singathintela inyathelo lombuso lokuzama ukumisa ukuqesha. Umzamo wokumisela ulawulo, umzekelo, unokuthi utshatyalaliswe ziinkundla zikarhulumente okanye ukhutshelwe ngumthetho wesizwe. Ngokufanayo, imithetho yequmrhu elilawulayo ilinganisela indlela amatyala angayisebenzisa ngayo imali ethile. [[[FLT:]] Indlela Ehambayo yezoburhulumente [[FLT]] [FLT:]] eninzi ipost [FLT:]] [6]] ephumelelayo iya kuba ngabo badibani nolwazi oluthe kratyayo lwemfundo kumgangatho ophezulu. Ngokunjalo, ukunyuka kwemfundo oluphezulu.

Ukongeza, incoko engqonge ukungalingani iyanda ngaphaya kwemigaqo-nkqubo yesithethe yerhafu kunye ne-transfer ukuquka ii-houcio ekwaziyo ukufumaneka kunye nokuhamba ngenqanawa . Irhuluneli ekwaziyo ukuguqula indawo yokuhlahlela ukuvumela ukwakhiwa kwezindlu eziphezulu kwiindawo zoburhulumente izakwenza kakhulu ukunciphisa ukungalingani komntu onyusa umvuzo omncinci.

Ukhokelo lwe-gubernator lukwadlala indima ekumiseleni isandi sophuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Endaweni yokunika iirhafu ezinkulu ezinikwa amashishini (ezisoloko zifumana intlawulo esezantsi kutyalo-mali), abalawuli abajonge phambili baya befaka imali eninzi kwi uphuhliso lomsebenzi wobunewunikazi, iinkqubo zerhafu [, kunye [FLT] no izibonelelo zoluntu ezinceda wonke umntu.

Iinkokeli Ezimayela Nemali

Ubungqina bucacile: ukhetho lwenkqubo lwezilawuli lunempembelelo ecacileyo nengenakulinganiswa kukusasazwa kwengeniso kumazwe abo. Ukusuka kwisiseko semithetho yerhafu ukuya kwintlawulo yerhafu yomnatha wokhuseleko, ukusuka kwintlawulo encinane ukuya kuhlala imithetho yokubeka, iofisi yerhuluneli ingumsebenzi ohlawulela utshintsho lwezoqoqosho.

Ngoxa abalawuli bejamelene neengxaki zokwenene zezindlu zowiso-mthetho ezahlulekileyo, iimfuno ezilungeleleneyo zoqingqo-mali, nokhuphiswano lwezoqoqosho, bahlala benendawo ebalulekileyo yokulawula. Abo basebenzisa iqonga labo ukuxhasa iinkqubo eziveziweyo kwikomkhulu loluntu, ukuxhasa iintsapho ezisebenzayo, nokususa imiqobo elungiselelweni kunokwenzeka ukubona ezona ziphumo zilinganayo. Njengoko olu hlanga luqhubeka luxhathisa ucelomngeni lokungalingani okukhulayo, indima yerhuluneli iya kuba yeyona ibalulekileyo ekuxoleleni ikamva lezoqoqosho lezigidi zabantu baseMerika.