Ubalo lwesizwe lungaphezulu kakhulu kunendawo ephambili emiselwe abantu; lusekelwe kwizibalo zedemokhrasi yaseMerika, iphembelela ngqo indlela abantu abakhula ngayo, indlela oovimba abasasazwa ngayo, nendlela imigaqo-nkqubo yezindlu esetyenziswa ngayo. Ubalo lwemiba yemiba lunika umfanekiso ocacileyo wokuba ngubani ohlala apho, ingeniso yengeniso, ukwakheka kweentsapho, kunye neemeko zezindlu, kunye neendawo zokuhlala. //inkcubeko-nkqubo yabaphathi-magxamente, kunye nabaphuhlisi bezinto ezithelekelelayo, baxhomekeke ekwakheni ukutshintsha ngokulinganayo nokuzinzisa ngokweenkqubo zezindlu, ukuguqula iziphumo ezifanelekileyo zezindlu kunye neziphumo ezithe ngqo, xa zingabalelwangachazwangagqibelanga kakuhle.

Indima Ebalulekileyo Yogcino-lwazi Lobalo Kwinkqubo yezindlu

Ubalo lweenkqubo lusekelwe kumakhulu eenkqubo zikarhulumente ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izindlu. Ukusuka kwiziqobo ezidityanisiweyo zinika inkxaso epheleleyo yoncedo lwendlu, amanani akhutshwa rhoqo kwiminyaka elishumi( kwaye ahlaziywa minyaka le kusetyenziswa iAmerican Community Survey (ACS). Ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba eqinileyo, ezi nkqubo zilahlekelwa luchaneko, kwaye abantu abaninzi bafumanisa ukuba bayazifumanisa bengenaxesha.

Ukuhlawula iiFomu zokuNika

Iinkqubo zoncedo lwezindlu zomanyano zixhomekeke kumanani abantu kunye neenkcubeko zabemi ukuhambisa amawaka ezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka. Inkqubo yoNyaka yoPhuhliso lweMbutho, elawulwa liSebe leNdlu ye-U.S. leNguqulo neNtlalo yeNtlalo-ntle (HID), isebenzisa ugcino-lwazi lokubala ngokwemibalo ukunikezela ngemali nakumaziko asekuhlaleni anokukwazi ukufikelela, iziko loluntu. Ngokunjalo, i-Rofestrimentation Program yeSebe leMicimbi yeSebe leMbutho yeeNqamfa ekhoyo ilingana nemali exhomekeke ekubaleni abantu nezindlu ezifuna imilinganiselo ekhutshwe ngokuthe ngqo. I-Rhobo i-Rhosay (IHTC) inkqubo yokufumana i-RG, nangona iqhutywa kakhulu ngamasebe erejini emali exhonywayo exhonywe yi-RG, i-RGUP, i-20% yemali elungiselelwe yi-RG.

Iimfuno zezindlu eziqikelelwayo kunye noMbutho weNdlu yeNdlu eLungileyo

Ngaphezu kwenkxaso-mali, ubalo lwezibonelelo zezindlu luchaza indlela ekufuneka ngayo. ISebe lezindlu noPhuhliso lwe-U.S. lisebenzisa i-ACS ukubala ingeniso yengingqi ye-median (AMI), emisela ukuba luncedo kwiinkqubo ezifana neCandelo le-8 Homes Couters Vouchers kunye nezindlu zikawonke-wonke. Ukuba ingingqi ye-AMI ibalwano isenokukhutshwa, mhlawumbi ithelekele okanye ijonge phantsi kwengeniso yemali efunyenweyo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuqesheni ingeniso encinci kakhulu ukuze kwenziwe indawo yokuhlala kwimimandla ephezulu okanye ephantsi kakhulu kwemali, ukwenza ukuba kubekho ingeniso ephantsi kwemali, ukwenza ukuba kubekho ii-afticcieces kunye nokungagqibeki kwemiqatha, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-transti yomthetho-mvume, ukuvala i-ok-ok-octive, ukuvala i-transport, ukusetyenziswa kwemiqatha, ukusetyenziswa kwemiqatha, ukusetyenziswa kweminxeba yendlela yokusetyenziswa kwe-og.

Ubunjani bezindlu kunye neZibonisi ezinyukayo

Kwakhona ukubalwa kwabantu kusetyenziswa izibonisi ezibalulekileyo zomgangatho wezindlu, ezifana nokungenelela kakhulu (ngaphezu komntu omnye), ukunqongophala kwemibhobho epheleleyo okanye kwezakhiwo zekhitshi, kunye nexabiso lezindlu (ukwehlisa ingeniso engaphezu kwama-30% kwimali ehlawulwayo emakhaya). La manyathelo asetyenziswa ngamasebe ezempilo, amagunya ezindlu, kunye nemibutho engathanga ngeniso ukuze ingenele. Ubalo-mali oluphezulu lweqela lamaqumrhu lungalungela ukuvalelwa kwemali emalini eqeshiweyo ekufumaneni uncedo oluqeshiweyo okanye ekunyanzelweni kwemithetho yemithetho-siseko. Ukuba iimfuno zemali ezingaphantsi kwama-30% zemali ezikhoyo zihlala phantsi kwemali eqeshiweyo, abahlali zihlala kwiimeko eziphantsi ngaphandle kwentsabelo sokuphucula izindlu zabo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukubalwanobalwa koludwe koludwe lwamanani oluntu luchaphazela ngoko naxando lweendawo zengca.

UCwangciso-nkqubo loLuntu loLuntu noLuphuhliso

Abacebi bezakhiwo zasedolobheni noorhulumente basekuhlaleni baxhomekeke kugcino-lwazi lobalo lwabantu ukuze benze izigqibo ngolwazi malunga nendawo emayakhiwe kuyo, uhlobo lwezindlu eziza kubekwa kuzo, nendlela yokumisa umhlaba. Ukubalwa kwabantu ngekota kunika ubalo lwabemi abasisiseko, ngelixa i-ACS inika uhlaziyo oluqhubekayo kwiinguqulelo zobume bendlu, imilinganiselo yokubala, kunye (indawo yokuhlala yomntu oqeshweyo.). Nganye, ezi zinto zichaza izicwangciso ezibanzi, izifundo ze-pasejini, kunye neeziphumo zemeko-metho.

Ukwanda Kwabemi Nokuxelwa Kwamalungiselelo Ezindlu

Ulawulo ngalunye kufuneka lucebe ukulungiselela ukufunwa kwezindlu kwixesha elizayo. Izihlolo zamanani abantu .---amanani asekelwe kumanani ahlaziyiweyo kunye noqikelelo olulandelayo olulandelayo olusetyenziswa lisebe lokucwangcisa isixeko. Isixeko esikhula ngokukhawuleza esifana ne-Austin, Texas, okanye iPhoenix, iArizona, isebenzisa ezi zinto ukuqikelela ukuba zingaphi na iindawo zokuhlala ezitsha eziza kufuneka kwisihlanu, ishumi, okanye amashumi amabini eminyaka. Ukuthelekelela okuchanileyo kuvumela izicwangciso ukuba zikwazi ukubonelela izinto ezifunekayo, ukunqanda kokunqongophala kwezindlu eziqhutyelwa kwemizi nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma. Ngokungafaniyo, uluntu olubona ukuhla kwemi kuthelekiswa nokusetyenziswa kwemali eninzi (njengenxalenye ye-Appaccorda okanye i-Rult) lusebenzisa ulwazi lokulungisa, ukuthotywa kwe-delwa kwe-debudiodrensity, okanye ukubekwa kwemiba ye-mali. Ngaphandle kokubekwa kwemiqatha kwemibutho, ukusetyenziswa kwemali ephantsi kwemali, ukusetyenziswa kwemali ephantsi kwemali,

Ukulungisa Izilwanyana, Ukusebenzisa Ilizwe Nokusesikweni Kwemeko - bume

Izikhokelo zobalo lwendawo ezilawula ukunyuka kobalo lwezigqibo ngokubonisa ukuhambelana kwamanani okubonisa imfuneko yokutshintsha komhlaba. Umzekelo, ummandla oye wabona ukuthutheleka kweentsapho eziselula ungafuna izindlu ezincumisayo zeentsapho okanye iindawo zokunyamekela abantwana, ngelixa ukwaluphala kwesithili kungafuna ngokukhawuleza ukufikeleleka kwezindlu eziphezulu kunye nokuphuhliswa kwendawo yokuhlala. Ubalo-mthetho olukwindawo engqongileyo, olugunyaziswe phantsi kweSihlo seSihlo se-Orini se-Orini yamaLungelo ka-omfa, sebenzisa iphecangca nolwazi oluzithintelayo ukufumanisa ukuba ingeniso ephantsi kwekhaya okanye imimandla emincinane ithwala umthwalo ophezulu wokungcolisa iindawo zokuhlala ezicocekileyo okanye ukuswela kolwandle oluluhlaza.

Ukwakhiwa nolungelelwaniso lwezithuthi

Izakhelo nezindlu zidityaniswe ngokungenakususwa. Ubalo lwenkcazelo yokuhamba (i-FULT) lunceda imibutho yokuhlela i-Cunivation Treasution Projects ephakathi kwesixeko ukuba igqibele apho iza kufumana khona ukulinganisa indleko edityanisiweyo yezindlu, ukwandisa imigca yokuthutha, nokufumana indawo yokuhlala efikelelekayo kufuphi nemisebenzi. Indawo engenakufikeleleka kwindawo apho abahlala kuyo banokuhlala ngaphandle kwenkcicinezelo olugqithisileyo. Phantsi kwemali eninzi eninzi, ukukhutshwa kwemali eninzi enokuthi izuze kuyo kwinkqubela ekhoyo. Umzekelo, ukufunyanwa okusezantsi kwemali ekhoyo kusenokubonakala ukuba abemi bahlala kuyo baphile ngokusondeleyo kwimisebenzi ephezulu ngaphandle kwemali eninzi ehlawulwa yimali eninzi. Phantsi kwemali ehlawulwa yimali ehlawulwa yimali eninzi, kwaye ihlawulwa kakhulu yemali ehlawulwa yimali eninzi.

Imiphumo Yokufumana Iindawo Zokuhlala

Xa abemi belo lizwe bengabalwanga ngokupheleleyo, iziphumo zikhutshwa yinkqubo yezindlu kunye nenkqubela-phambili yehlabathi lokwenene. Amanani aphantsi komhlaba akangomntu oqhelekileyo; achaphazela ngokungenakulinganiswa inani labemi elinzima, kwaye achaphazela ngokugqithisileyo abemi abahlala nzima ($ii-immigrands, abantu abanemibala, abaqeshwayo, abaqeshi, nabantwana abancinane. Aba basoloko befana kakhulu ekufuneni uncedo lwezindlu, besenza iziphumo zibe mbi kakhulu.

Isifundo setyala: Imali yezindlu ezilahlekileyo nemali yeendawo ezihlala abantu abahlala kuzo

Ngexesha le-2020 Census, i-U.S. Censureation yachaza amanani akhethekileyo amanani abantu njengokunzima ukubala: iintsapho ezineentsapho ezingaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu, iSpayintski, iintsapho zabaNsundu, iintsapho zamaNaniversity Merika ezihlala kwiindawo ezimahlawumbi, kunye nezindlu zokuqesha. Kwimimandla emininzi yasedolophini, amaphecana anamaphecana aphezulu kula maqela. Umzekelo othelekelelwa ukuba [FLD] i-net engaphantsi kwesigidi se-1, [FLT] sabantwana abangaphantsi kwe-1,[FLY:1] . Ngenxa yokuba iinkqubo ezininzi zezindlu zorhulumente zinikezela ngemali emalini ngonyaka engaphantsi kwe-20 000 000 000, ukuhla kwemali yabemi bahlawulwa yimali ehlawulwa yimali e-20 000 000 (R37 000). Ngenxa yokubalwa kwemali efumaneka phantsi kwezindlu ezihlala phantsi kwezindlu ezithenjiweyo.

Impembelelo ekufumaneni iNgxuba-mali yezindlu ezinokufumaneka

Ukuphela kwezindlu ezinokufikeleleka eUnited States .I-asethi efumana imali eninzi yokuqesha izakhiwo eziqengqelekayo ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezisixhenxe kwimibutho ehlawulwa kakhulu eqeshiweyo, ebangela ukuba abantu bafumane imali encinane kakhulu, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni imfuno yamaqela abasebenzi abangaphantsi kwemali. Ngaphezu koko, amanani e-Moich Reents (FMR) exhomekeke kwi-HUD axhomekeke kwingeniso ehlawulwayo yokuqeshwa kwemali nokuqeshwa kwemali. Ukuba i-mathengi ephantsi kwemali ekhutshelwe phantsi kwemali ehlawulwayo, abaphuhlisi bendlu ehlawulwayo banokubekwa phantsi kakhulu, besenza ukuba zingabi lula ukuhla kwamaqela abaqeshwayo. Ngaphezu koko, ubalo lwemali ehlawulwayo i-R luxhomekeke ekufumaneni kwemali ehlawulwayo.

Ukugqwethwa Kwezindlu Ezifuna Uvavanyo

Abaphathi bezindlu zoluntu kunye neContinuums of Care (CoCs) basebenzisa ugcino-lwazi lokubala abantu ukuze bafumane iimvavanyo kunye neenkonzo zokuhlalisa. Ubalo lwe- Point-in-Time (PIT) lwabantu abangenamakhaya, ngoxa beqhutywa ngokwahlukeneyo, lusoloko luthelekiswa noqikelelo lwabantu abahlalayo ukuze babonise umlinganiselo wokungabi namakhaya. Ukubalwa kwabemi ngokubanzi kungayandisa izinga elithelekelelwayo lokungabi namakhaya kuluntu, okanye ngokuchaseneyo, ukuhlahlela phantsi kwezithuba phakathi kwabantu abangenamakhaya (abadume kakhulu ukuba bangabi namakhaya) kusenokufihla ubungako bokwenyaniso bokungabi namakhaya. Kwimeko nganye, ukuphendula kwemithetho kungenziwangaqondakali. Imali enokuthi iye kwizindlu ezisigxina ezixhasayo inokusetyenziswa kwezinye izinto ezisekelwe kwi-data, ukushiya abantu abangenazikhuseli ezifanelekileyo ngaphandle kwezindlu okanye izigwebo ezifanelekileyo.

Ukoyisa Izithintelo Zokuba Nenxaxheba Ekubalekeni

Ukuqonda izithintelo, urhulumente, urhulumente, kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni, kunye nemibutho yoluntu, kuye kwasebenzisa imali eninzi ekuphuculeni inani labantu abaphendulayo. Le mingeni ibalulekile, kodwa kukho iindlela eziqinisekisiweyo zokuboyisa kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba bonke abantu babaliwe.

Ukungathembani, Ukuzifihla Nokuhlukana Kwamanani

Ukungathembani kwamaziko karhulumente ngumqobo oyintloko, ingakumbi phakathi koluntu olusuka kwelinye ilizwe lokoyika ukuba ulwazi lwemibutho ethembekileyo olunokusetyenziswa ekunyanzeliseni abantu abafudukayo. I-Censurent Bureauial ibotshelelwe yiSihloko 13 seKhowudi yase-U., esikhusela ulwazi oluvela kwingxelo yomnye umbutho, kuquka ukunyanzeliswa komthetho osemthethweni, uloyiko luyaqhubeka. Ukupheliswa kwemibutho ethembekileyo neyasekuhlaleni elithembekileyo. Ukubonelelwa kwemibutho yengingqini yoluntu, umanyano lwesizwe, ukunceda abantu, ukwandisa ukuqiniseka. Ngaphezu koko, ukutshintshela ulwazi olukwi-intanethi kwe-2020 (nakunokwenzeka ukuba kuphindaphindo olulandelayo) kubangela ulwahlulo lwezimvo oluchaphazela ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto lungena ngeniso lwamakhaya kunye nemimandla yasemaphandleni, kufuneka luxelwe kwi-ondla olusezantsi lwe-minyango lwasekuhlaleni lwasekuhlaleni lwasekuhlaleni, kunye ne-mibutho ye-mishini yase-Syria-Syria-Syria-56. [20]

Iingxaki Zolwimi Nenkcubeko

I-Census Bureau yase-U.S. inika izinto ngeelwimi ezili-13 kwaye inikela inkonzo yokuguqulela ngomnxeba ngeelwimi ezingama-59. Noko ke, ukutshintsha izithethe nomgangatho ophantsi wokungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala kusenokukuthintela ukuthatha inxaxheba. Umzekelo, kwezinye imimandla yama-Indiya eMerika, amagwegwe ekubelaneni eenkcukacha zobuqu norhulumente, kubandakanya ukuthunyelwa kwenkcazelo yobuqu egxininisa inzuzo yoluntu. Ngokufanayo, abaphambukeli bamazwe akutshanje abavela kumazwe anokufumana isiqinisekiso sokuba ukuba inxaxheba ekubaleni abantu akuyi kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingalunganga. Iindlela ezisebenzayo zokusebenzisa ii-interlinity, ukukhuthaza ukuhambelana kwabasebenzi abambalwa abanolwazi abakwinkonzo ekhoyo (umz., kwii-ofisinikliniki-yo okanye kwi-kliniki-yomistliniki).

Unikezelo olusekelwe kuluntu

Ii- Grasroots zingqineka ziphumelela kakhulu ekufikeleleni amanani anzima. Ngexesha lobalo lwamanani angamashumi amabini anamashumi amabini anamashumi amabini, amaqela afana neNational Urban Urban, NALEO Education Fund, kunye neKomiti epheleleyo Yokubala eqhutywa ngocango-oknay yamaphulo, iibhanki zocingo, kunye neenkqubo zokubhala. Ezinye izakhiwo ezinika izihlomelo ezincinci, njengamakhadi okugqiba ukubala inani labantu kwi-intanethi kwi-kiosks. Isifundo esingundoqo sikukuba enye-e-eandlel-eeessssss eziqinisekisa ukuba izakhiwo ziphumelele kakhulu, iingcelo ezifanelekileyo zenkcupheko ziyafuneka. Imigudu yokufundisa ukuxhasa ezi nkonzo phakathi kobalo-obhatalo oluthe ngqo inceda ukuphuma nokuhlisa i-ethenwa kwaphantsi koluntu. Ukudityaniswa kwe-1960, kunye nenkqubo ye-ebugrouanspozi ezisetyenziswa yimigraclaans, ezimele inkxaso yemignognometer, i-

Utshintsho Lomgaqo-nkqubo Ukuze Kuphucuke Umlinganiselo

Utshintsho lokwakha lunganyusa inxaxheba. Ngokomzekelo, iBhunga loTshenxiso lokubala abantwana abancinane ngokusebenzisana nezikolo, abaqeshwa, kunye neNkqubo eSitheleyo Yobuhlaziyo Yooomama, iEnags, kunye ne-Ans (IC). Ukutshintsha ixesha lokubala abantu (ukusuka ku-Aprili) ukuya kunyaka xa abantwana besenokuba basengozini yokuba sesikolweni (ngoko kulula ukufikelela) sisinye isicelo. Olunye utshintsho lungavumela i-intanethi ye-response yefestile ephinda ilandelele iintsapho ezingahambiyo. Unyaka wama-2020 CM. Unyaka owe-20620 ufumana ucelomngeni lokusebenza ngenxa ye-COVID, kodwa ukufikelela kwemiqathango-yo yokuqala nokwandisa kwemiqathangonyaka (kuveliswa kwe-1999%), ngoko ke, ngoko ke, uqikelelo-nyaka othe waphinda-ka-1999)

Isiphumo: Ubalo lwabathathi-nxaxheba njengentsebenziswano yeKhabhini yoPhuhliso loLuntu

Ulwalamano phakathi kobalo-manani kunye neziphumo zokufumana iziphumo zendlu luthe ngqo kwaye lunesiphumo. Ugcino-lwazi oluchanileyo lunceda abantu ukuba bakhusele izabelo zabo ezifanelekileyo zemali karhulumente, bayile iinkqubo zokuyila izakhiwo ezihlangabezana neemfuno zokwenene, zicwangcise ukulungiselela ukukhula okuzinzileyo, zikhusele abahlali abangakhuselekanga ukuba bangakhange bangabi nakuhoywa. Xa iziphumo zithe zakubandakanywa, iziphumo azikho iimpazamo ezithelekelelwayo. Zizizinto ezikhoyo, kwaye zinyuswe kakhulu ulwazi oluninzi ngendlela ekwakheke ngayo ulwazi lweendawo zokuhlala, ukutyelela. [U.] [[1] [FFF], [1] kunye neendawo ezikhoyo: [FFF] ezikhoyo] ezikhoyo, ziyakwazi ukufumanisa ukubalelwa kwemali eninzi.[5]