Indlela Iinguqu zokuHlakulelwa kukaWonke-wonke Ezithi Zibuyiselwe Ngayo

Uhlaziyo lothutho lukawonke-wonke luye lwaba yisiseko esisembindini solawulo lwale dolophu yanamhlanje. Njengoko abantu bemibhobho yasedolobheni besanda kwaye bebotshelelwa imozulu, izixeko zijika zisiya kwilungu elintle, eliluhlaza, kunye neenkqubo zokuthutha ezidityanisiweyo ukuphendula uxinano, ungcoliseko, kunye nezithuba ezithe gqi. Ezi zintsha zinika abantu ngaphezu kokushukumisa abantu ngexesha lokwenene, zinika uqingqo-mali, kwaye zivumela ukutshintsha indlela abacebi besixeko abacinga ngayo ngokusetyenziswa komhlaba. Ukusuka kulwazi lokwethuthi lwexesha lokuhamba ngezixhobo zombane, iziphumo zobugcisa zothutho ziphinda zitshintshe ubuchule obusetyenziswa ngabaphathi besixeko imihla ngemihla.

Eli nqaku lihlolisisa eyona mpembelelo iphambili kutshintsho lothutho, ihlolisisa impembelelo yalo engqalileyo kwimisebenzi yolawulo lwesixeko, lichaze iingxaki kunye nemigaqo eza kuchazwa kwixesha elizayo ezakugqiba indlela ezi nkqubo eziguquka ngayo. Ukuqonda lo mdlalo kuyimfuneko kubenzi bemithetho, abasemagunyeni abasemadolophini abazimisele ukwakha izixeko eziqinileyo nezinokufumaneka.

Ezona Ntlawulo zibalulekileyo kunikezelo lukawonke-wonke

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zibonisa eyona nkqubela iguqulayo ekuthutheni uwonke-wonke kwiminyaka elishumi edluleyo.

Iinkqubo zodluliselo ezikrelekrele

Izivo ezikrelekrele zenkqubo yokusebenzisa i-Internet yezinto (IoT) zoluvo lokusebenza, izithuthi ezisekelwe kumafu, kunye nomatshini wokufunda ukwenza ngcono zonke iinkalo zebhasi kunye neziporo. Ngokuqokelela idata yexesha lokwenene kwindawo yezithuthi, amanani abakhweli, iimeko zondlela, kunye neepatropu, ezi nkqubo zivumela abameli ukuba balungise ucwangciso olunamandla, bathumele iinqwelo-mafutha ezongezelelekileyo ngexesha lenkcochotho, kwaye banciphise amaxesha okungasebenzi. Umzekelo, isixeko sase-Helnkins sisebenzisa iqonga lolawulo lwendlela elikrelekrele elidibanisa ooduladula-ndlela kwiindawo ezinqamlezileyo, ucando oluphakathi kohambo ngezihlandlo ezili-12-15 ekhulwini. Ukuhamba ngokufanayo kwizixeko ezifana ne-Singapore neLondon kuye kwabonisa ukunciphisa ukhuthulo olusebenzayo kwipetrovize moya kunye negesi eshushu, ngoxa kuphuculwe ngexesha elingaphezulu kwe-90%%.

Kulwazi olulawulayo, iinkqubo ezikrelekrele zinika ukusebenza okugqithisileyo. Abaphathi bezixeko bangahamba ukusuka kwindawo emileyo, ekucwangcisweni kwe-asecdota kwaye endaweni yoko baxhomekeke kulwazi ukuthethelela ukungeniswa kwengeniso, ubuncwane bendalo, kwaye balinganise impembelelo yotshintsho lwenkqubo. Ubuchule bokuxela kwangaphambili imfuno bunceda ekuthinteleni ukugxumeka okugqithisileyo kwindlela, ukuphucula zombini ukhuseleko nolwaneliseko lomkhweli.

Umbane Neeveyiji Ezinegwebu

Utshintsho kuoduladula abahamba nombane ngomnye wezona zicwangciso zibonakalayo zothutho lukawonke-wonke. Ngonyaka wama-2025, ngaphezu kwekhulu le-100 e-U.S. abameli bothutho bazise uodulam, kunye nomkhosi wenqanawa eLos Angeles, eSeattle, neNew York bakhokela indlela. Iibhasi zombane azivelisi moya wesiphekepheke, zinciphisa ungcoliseko lomoya wasekuhlaleni kwaye zihambisana neeplani zemozulu yesixeko. I-Hybrid, edibanisa i-injini yesiqhelo kunye noqhutlo mbane, inika ukhetho olutshintshayo lwezikhusi ezineziko elinombane elinobuchule obulinganiselweyo.

Impembelelo kulawulo lwesixeko intlu - mbini. Okokuqala, umbane unyanzelisa utshintsho kulwabiwo loqingqo-mali: amaxabiso ezithuthi ezingaphambili aphezulu (ngokufuthi ama-30-50 ekhulwini ngaphezu kwedizili), kodwa ipetroli kunye neendleko zogcino zingaphantsi kakhulu kubude bobomi besithuthi obuyi-12-15. Ezi zixeko ezininzi zisebenzisana kwimali karhulumente kunye namaqabane kawonke-wonke ukuze zikwazi ukuvala isithuba sokuqala sexabiso. Okwesibini, unyuso-omatshini kufuneka ukulungelelanisa kunye namasebe okuhambisa ukuhlahlela kwe-andleko, ukunyanzela ukubeka isikhululo sesikhululo, kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla. Olu manyano olukwicandelo olukwindawo yokunqamlezileyo luye lwazintsha olufuna abaphathi besixeko, abamele balinganiseluhambe nolawulo lombane ne-dolokhwela.

Ulwazi lwabakhweli bexesha lokwenene

Isixokelelwano somsebenzi wokwenza utshintsho kumaxesha okufika kololiwe, uphazamiseko, kunye nezinye iindlela ezidlula kwisayina samanani, ii-apps, kunye nezilumkiso zokubhaliweyo. Xa zidityaniswe namaqonga esithathu akwicandelo elifana neGoogle Mephu ne Apple Mephu, RTPI yenza unyuso oluthe ngqo nolulula lokusebenzisa. Uphando lusebenzisa i i-Melika ye-PUTTTY)[AP #1] lubonisa ukuba izixeko ezineeklasi ezinokukhula eziqinileyo zeRTRTP zibona ukwanda kwe 2-5 ekhulwini, njengokuzinziwa kolwazi oluqhelekileyo xa udula - bhasi lufika lunciphisa ixesha elibalekayo.

Abaphathi besixeko, i-RTPI ikwasebenza njengendlela ephantsi yokuphucula ulwaneliseko lwabathengi ngaphandle kotshintsho olungundoqo lwezibonelelo. Ukuzondla kogcino-lwazi lwexesha lokwenene kungasetyenziswa ukuqwalasela ubunjani benkonzo, ukuphawula ngaphantsi kwendlela zokusebenza, kunye nokukhokela ukuthumela izigqibo. Kwalo data, xa ivulelwe abaphuhlisi, ixhasa iinkqubo zecandelo lesithathu eziphuhlisa ucwangciso lokuhamba oluninzi

Iinethwekhi ezidityanisiweyo ezininzi

I-millives ezidityanisiweyo ezingenamnatha zidibanisa iibhasi, oololiwe, iziporo ezilula, izabelo zebhayisekile, izithuthuthu, kunye neendlela zabahamba ngezinyawo phantsi kwendlela yokuhamba enye kunye nokufumana indlela edibeneyo. Le ngcamango, idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-Monility njenge Nkonzo (MaaS), ivumela umntu ohlala kuyo ukuba acebe, incwadi, kwaye ihlawulele uhambo oluquka ukuhamba kwisikhululo sebhayisekile, ukubhayisela ukuya kwisikhululo sikaloliwe esimisa uloliwe, kunye nokukhwela ibhasi yenyawo lokugqibela(all). Imizekelo ekhokela iquka i-Helsinkis kunye ne-Transit applie asetyenziswa North America.

Amacebiso abhekiselele kulawulo anzulu. Iinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo zophula i-silos phakathi kwabameli abahlukeneyo abathutha iimoto, abasebenzi beebhayisekile, kunye neenkampani zeteksi. Abaphathi bezixeko kufuneka baveze izakhiwo zolawulo ezivumela ulwabelano lwengeniso, ubuchule bogcino-lwazi, kunye nemigangatho yenkonzo engaguquguqukiyo. Bafuna kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano lokuqala nolokugqibela lusebenza kwimimandla ephantsi neendawo ezinemibhobho elinganiselweyo, okanye uthungelwano luza kwandisa izithuba ezikhoyo zokuhamba. Unxulumano oluphumelelayo lusoloko lufuna isebe elinikezelweyo okanye iqumrhu elingunxa-mzimba elinamandla kumgangatho kamasipala.

Impembelelo kwiinkqubo zolawulo lweziXhobo

Ezi zinto zintsha azilolwazo ukuphucula ubugcisa; ngokusisiseko ziguqula iindawo ezine ezisisiseko zokulawula isixeko: ucwangciso lwezixeko, inkqubo yemekobume, ukulungelelanisa imali nomanyano lukawonke wonke.

Ukuceba Idolophu Nendlela Yokusebenzisa Umhlaba

Ugcino-lwazi olusuka kwisixokelelwano sothutho olubukhali lunika izicwangciso zokuqonda okuthe ngqo kwemilinganiselo yokuhamba. Umzekelo, ubalo lwabakhweli olungaziwayo kunye nokuhamba kwemvelaphi-mva kwetyhila ukuba zeziphi iipaseji ezingaphantsi okanye apho inkqubela-phambili entsha ingangenelwa kakhulu ekufikeleleni kothutho. Izixeko ezifana nePortland, Oregon, zisebenzisa ugcino-lwazi lokuhambisa ukuhlaziya ikhowudi zokulungisa, ukuvumela ukufuduka okuphezulu kwezindlu ngokwendlela eziqhelekileyo zoduladula. Olu lungelelwaniso phakathi korhwebo kunye nenkqubo yokusebenzisa umhlaba lunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwemoto, ingeniso yesiseko sezixhobo ezincinane ngo-2007, kwaye luxhasa iipateni zokukhula.

Abalawuli bangasebenzisa izihlomelo ezithelekelelwayo ukuvavanya indlela inkqubela-phambili ecetyiweyo enokuchaphazela ngayo imfuneko yokuthuthwa. Ukuba ibala lemidlalo elitsha okanye izakhiwo zobugcisa zicwangcisiwe, iziko lothutho lingaqhuba imfaniso ukufumanisa ukuba oodula-bhasi abakhoyo kunye nesiporo bangaphatha inqwelo-moya eyongezelelekileyo okanye ukuba kufuneka iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo kunye nezitishi. Oku kutshintsha ukucwangcisa isixeko ukusuka ekusebenzeni, ukugcina ixesha kunye nemali yokuhlawula irhafu.

Imigaqo-nkqubo Yokusingqongileyo Nomanyano

Utshintsho lombane lusembindini kwizixeko ezininzi. Ngokutshintsha iibhasi zedizili ngezixhobo zombane, izixeko zinganciphisa ngokungqalileyo ukukhutshwa kwegesi eshushu yobushushu nokuphucula ubulunga bomoya wasekuhlaleni. Umzekelo, i-Orange County Transportation Authority Authority Authority (OCA) uqikelelo lokuba umkhosi wazo ocetyiweyo wezezezoshishino uza kuphelisa iitoni ezimalunga nekhulu elinamakhulu amabini e-00,000 ze-CO2 ngonyaka. Abaphathi bezixeko basebenzisa la manani ukubonakalisa inkqubela kumazwe nakumaxhoba omhlaba, nto leyo ebangela ukuba afanelekelwe izibonelelo ezicocekileyo, iimali zekharbon, kunye nokubonwa kakuhle kukawonke.

Ngoko, imigaqo-nkqubo yokusingqongileyo kufuneka inikele ingxelo ngeziphumo zebhethri ezihambayo kunye nomthombo wombane osetyenziselwa ukuhlawula. Izixeko ezidibanisa umatshini wokuhambisa notyalo-mali kwisizukulwana selanga okanye kwindawo yokugcina ibhetri edityanisiweyo isenokuyinciphisa ikharbon transmig, kwaye ikhuphele ingeniso ngokuthengisa amandla agqithisileyo emva kwigridi. Ucwangciso oludityanisiweyo phakathi koomeli bothutho kunye nomatshini ophathekayo luyimfuneko ukufezekisa ezi zizixhobo zebhethsi.

Ukuhlahlela uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali

Utshintsho olutsha lwekomkhulu kunye noqingqo-mali lokusebenza. Ngelixesha ooduladula bombane bebiza imali eninzi ngaphambili, banexabiso elipheleleyo lexabiso lobumnini kwisithuba seminyaka eli-15 (_fuel egciniweyo ingaba ngama-50-70 ekhulwini, kwaye iindleko zogcino zinciphe ngenxa yokuhamba okumbalwa. Ngokufanayo, iinkqubo zobulumko zinciphisa ixesha elininzi kunye nenkunkuma yesibaso ngokuphucula ucwangciso. Abaphathi bezixeko bangabuyisela ezi mali kwimisebenzi yokwandisa umsebenzi phantsi kwemimandla egciniweyo, ukunyusa izitishishi, okanye ukunciphisa iindleko zabakhweli abafumana imali ephantsi.

Olu tshintsho lukwadala iindidi ezintsha zoqingqo-mali: ukufakwa kwemiqathango, ukufakwa kwe-software, ukukhutshelwa kwe-inthanethi ye-IoT, kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi. Abalawuli kufuneka bacebe la maxabiso kwaye baqinisekise ukuba banika inkxaso-mali (umz., i-DOT''s Sow okanye i-Nogsign Vehicle Program) idityaniswe nemithombo yengeniso yasekuhlaleni. icebo lemali elikhuselweyo elikhoyo [ liquka izibambiso zezixhobo zobugcisa kunye nemijikelezo yokubuyisela ibhethri.

Ubungqina nobulungisa benkonzo

Ulwazi lokhwelo lokwenene kunye nee-apps zokwandisa ukubonakala. Abakhweli babona ngqo xa uduladula olandelayo uza, kwaye abameli bothutho bangashicilela iibhodi zomsebenzi ezinoxanduva lolawulo. Lo mgaqo wokuvula izithuba wakha ukuthembana kwaye ukhuthaza intsingiselo. Ekuziqhelani, izixeko ezisebenzisa idata yomkhweli ukulungisa inkonzo. Ngokufana nokongezelela uhambo kwindlela eziqhelekileyo okanye ukwandisa iiyure ezisemva kobusuku.

I-Equity ihlala iyinkxalabo ebalulekileyo. Abaphathi bezixeko abanakuyigqitha ingeniso ephantsi okanye ingingqi ezincinane. Abalawuli beziXhosa bangasebenzisa ugcino-lwazi olusuka kwiinkqubo zobulumko ukuthelekisa amaxesha okulinda, ukuthembeka kwezithuthi, kunye neemeko zesikhululo kwimimandla eqengqelekayo. Ukuba iiyantlukwano zifunyenwe, utyalo-mali olujoliswe kulwabiwo-mali . "ezifana nendlela ezinikezelweyo zebhasi, ezithe rhoqo, okanye eziphuculiweyo eziphuculiweyo , eziphuculiweyo zinokubekwa endaweni engaphambili. Njengeeeentlanganiso zikawonke eziqhutywa ngeelwimi ezininzi kunye nophatho lwezingcingo ezifikelelekayo kwizixhobo zeselula, ziqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zibonakalisa iimfuno zoluntu.

Iingxaki Zokusebenza

Phezu kwazo nje iinzuzo ezicacileyo, abaphathi bezixeko bajamelana nemiqobo enzima xa besebenzisa ezi zinto zintsha.

Iindleko Zokuqala Eziphezulu

Ukutshintshela kwiibhasi zombane kufuna imali exabisa imali eninzi exabisa ii-R240 000 ukuya kwizigidi ze-R1,2 (R1,50 000) kwisithuthi ngasinye, kunye nezibonelelo ezihlawulwayo ezinokubiza i-R350 000 ukuya kwi-R150 000 (R1 000) ngomqeshwa ngamnye. Uhlahlo-mali olunemali, ingakumbi kumasebe amancinane. Uxande lunika iinkqubo kunye neemfuno ezingqinelanayo ezisoloko zilibazisa imisebenzi. Izixeko kufuneka zinikele ingxelo yokuqeqesha abalungisi benkqubo yogcino-data ephezulu kunye nabaqeshiweyo.

Ulwahlulo lobugcisa

Ukukhuphela imithombo emininzi yogcino-lwazi ngezantsi ukusuka kwi-GPS yebhasi ukuya kwisabelo sebhayisekile i-AP Is/inkqubo ethembekileyo kulucelomngeni. Iinkqubo zelifa zisoloko zisebenzisa ipropritary Protocol enganxibelelani neyangoku. Abaphathi bezixeko kufuneka bafake ingeniso kwi-patroli ye-PGPS ephakathi, i-irn, kunye nokuxoxa ngezivumelwano zogcino-lwazi nabathengisi bobucala. Unyuko lweziphenelo luyanda nanjengoko kudityaniswa namalungu amaninzi. Uqhawulo kwinkqubo yolawulo lwendlela yokuhambisa iitrafiki lungaphazamisa isixeko esithweleyo, ngoko ke iiplanga eziqinileyo zokhuseleko ziyimfuneko.

Ukufumaneka okungalinganiyo

Ukwahlulwa kwamanani kuthetha ukuba asinguye wonke ummi onokusebenzisa ulwazi lwe-app okanye lokwenyani lwexesha. Abakhenkethi, abakhenkethi, kunye nabo abangenazo ii-cell phone baxhomekeke kwisayina sesithethe, izaziso, kunye nezibheno. Ukuba ulwahlulo aluhoyi la maqela, basengozini yokwakha inkqubo eneziqikelelo ezimbini. Izicombululo ziquka ukugcina umboniso we-alog macala onke amanani, ukunikezela ulwazi olukhuthaziweyo ngemfono, kunye nokusebenzisana nemibutho yasekuhlaleni ukusasaza. Abaphathi bezixeko kufuneka baphicothe ubugcisa bobugcisa obuneyo bokuyila iprojectivessssss zokwenziwa okuqululo.

Ukuchaswa Kwezobupolitika Nentlangano

Utshintsho lolawulo ngumqobo ozingisileyo. Imibutho yothutho ingaxhathisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-auto okanye i-software entsha etshintsha iinguqu. Amagosa aqwalaselweyo asenokuthandabuza ukunikezela ngemali yooduladula bombane ukuba ixesha lokuhlawula lingaphaya kwexesha lawo. Ukoyisa ukuxhathisa kufuna unxibelelwano olucacileyo lweengenelo, iinkqubo zomqhubi ezibonakalisa iziphumo, kunye nokubandakanyeka komxhasi kwinqanaba lokucwangcisa.

Icala lexesha elizayo kunye nobugcisa obudityanisiweyo

Isantya sotshintsho sikhawulezile, kwaye ubuchule bokulawula isixeko kufuneka buvele ngokuhambelana. Izinto ezininzi ezivelayo ziza kuyila ishumi leminyaka elizayo.

Iintyatyambo Ezizimeleyo Etransit

Iibhasi ezizimeleyo kunye nezithuthi ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu sele zivavanywa ngoku. njengakwindawo ezilawulwayo zeyunivesithi kunye neepaki zezoshishino . kwaye kwezinye izixeko zaseYurophu. Ngexa uthutho oluzimeleyo lwesikali lusekude, umatshini wokuzihambela ngokwawo (njengokuba usetyenziswa ngongxamiseko kunye nokukhutshwa kwedokisi) sele zikhona ngoku. Abaphathi bezixeko kufuneka baphinde bafumane imimiselo, iintambo zomthwalo, kunye noqeqesho lomsebenzi.

Ulawulo lwemfuno ye-AI

Ii-algorithm zokufunda umatshini zihamba ngaphaya kwendlela zihambelana nokusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo, ulawulo lobuchule, kunye nokuzilungiselela ngokufakela. Umzekelo, amanye amaqumrhu okuthutha asebenzisa i-Al ukulungisa iindleko zoncedo ngexesha lokuphuma kwepeyinti, okanye ukuqikelela ukuba ngawaphi amalungu ebhasi aza kungaphumeleli ngokulandelayo, avumele ulungiso oluqhubekekayo. Njengoko ezi zixhobo zikhulile, abaphathi besixeko kufuneka baphuhlise imithetho yokulawula ukucaca kwe-algorithm nokulunga, beqinisekisa ukuba i-Alpha ayibaleki okanye iindlela ezithile ngokungaqondisanga.

Ihlokondiba kunye noPhuhliso oluDlulisiweyo

Ingcamango yokuhamba kweendawo apho iindlela ezininzi zokuthutha zidibana, kunye neevenkile zokulungisa iibhayisekile, izitshixi zempahla, kunye nezithuba zokusebenza kunye.

Ukwenziwa kwemigangatho yogcino-lwazi kunye nokuvulwa kwe-AP

Ikamva lokudibana nokudibana lixhomekeke kugcino-lwazi olunobuchule. Izihlomelo ezifana ne Jikelele intelekelelo yoluHlu loNxulumaniso lwe-DS [GTFS] kunye neGBFS yokwabelana ngebhayisekile icwangcise imigangatho, kodwa ulwandiso oluphangaleleyo luyafuneka. Abaphathi beziXhosa bangagunyazisa ukuba kuvulwe u-AP kudityaniswe abaxhasi bobuqu, bevumela umntu onomsebenzi ongenamdla ukuba asebenzise amava oonobumba abacebisi besixeko ukuqwalasela iipakethi ezinqamlezi zonke iindlela. Olu gcino-data lukwaxhasa ukusetyenziswa kothutho olunento olulungileyo nokufuduswa kwedolophu, ukunceda abasebenzi benze izigqibo zolwazi.

Isiphelo

Uhlaziyo lothutho lukawonke-wonke lungaphezulu kakhulu kunezixhobo zokuphucula ubugcisa; zizixhobo ezithi ngokusisiseko ziphucule indlela izixeko ezilawula ngayo ukukhula, uqingqo-mali, ziqhubekeke neenjongo zokusingqongileyo, kwaye zibandakanyeke nabahlali. Iinkqubo zeCeb, izithuthi zombane, ulwazi lokwenene, kunye nee-nethwekhi ezidityanisiweyo nganye zineziphumo ezahlukileyo zokucwangcisa idolophana, ubuchule bemali, ukulingana, kunye nenkcubeko yentlangano. Ngelixesha inkxa iingxaki ezinxulumene nexabiso, ukudibanisa, kunye nokuhlala kucacile, indlela icacile: abaphathi besixeko kufuneka baxhamke izivumelwano ezingundoqo, kunye nezixhobo eziluncedo zokusebenza ukuze baqonde ukuba basebenzise ngokupheleleyo ezi zinto.

Njengezithuthi ezizimeleyo, ulawulo lwe-Al-drive, kunye nezikhundla zokuhamba zingena kwi-intanethi, ulwalamano phakathi kothutho kunye nolawulo lwesixeko luya kunzulu. Abo bafake inxaxheba kwiindlela ezilungelelaniswayo namhlanje baza kubekwa kwindawo engcono yokunikezela ngendlela esebenzayo, elinganayo, nenamandla yothutho kuluntu abalusebenzelayo.