Isiseko Sokuziphatha Samandulo Kurhulumente

Ingcamango yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ekulawuleni inokulandelwa kudala kwimpucuko yamandulo. Imigaqo yokunyaniseka, ukuthembeka, nokuziphendulela yayisoloko isekelwe kwimigaqo yokuziphatha yabantu. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, ezi mpembelelo zilandelayo zabangela isiseko semithetho yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha yanamhlanje:

  • Imithetho kaHammurabi (i - circa 1754 BC) yamisela imithetho yokulawula ngokufanelekileyo yaza yachaza imiphumo yokunyoba nokunganyaniseki phakathi kwamagosa.
  • Imisebenzi kaPlato yagxininisa ukubaluleka kokhokelo olunesidima kunye nengcamango yokuba abalawuli kufuneka bakhokelwe bubulumko kunokuba bazithande bona.
  • UAristotle waxubusha ngeembopheleleko zokuziphatha zamagosa karhulumente, esithi ulawulo lufanele lujoliswe kwizinto ezintle eziqhelekileyo kunokuba luye kungenelwa ngokwawo.
  • IRome Republic yaphuhlisa ingqiqo ye cursus saitum, ulungelelwaniso olubalulekileyo lwee-ofisi zikawonke-wonke olunemithetho engqongqo echasene nokunyoba nokunganyaniseki kokhetho.
  • Intanda - bulumko kaConfucius eMpuma Asia yakhuthaza ingcamango yokuba amagosa karhulumente amele akhuthaze imilinganiselo yokuziphatha aze abe yimizekelo kwibutho labantu.

Ezi zicwangciso zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha zamandulo, nangona zingamiselwanga njengemithetho yanamhlanje, zamisela ulindelo lokuba inkonzo kawonke-wonke ifuna umgangatho ophezulu wehambo. Kwakhona zaziqonda ukuba amandla ngaphandle kokuziphendulela ngokungenakunqandwa akhokelela ekuxhatshazweni. Kwizithethe ezingaphaya kwezithethe, umxholo oziphindaphindayo wawucacile: abo banikwe igunya mabagcinwe kumgangatho wokuba abemi abaqhelekileyo abangengowo. Le nkolelo esisiseko iyaqhubeka iseka imithetho yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha yanamhlanje. Ukuguqulwa kwentanda-bulumko yokuziphatha ukuya kumthetho onyanzelekayo kwathatha iinkulungwane, kodwa imbewu zabekwa kule zithethe zamandulo.

Ukwanda Kwemithetho Yemithetho Yokuziphatha

Njengoko oorhulumente babeziinguqu ezilungelelanisiweyo, imfuneko yemigaqo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha yacaca. Inkulungwane ye-19 neye-20 yangqina inkqubela ephawulekayo kulo mmandla, iqhutywa lulwando lwezoshishino, ukwanda kwemithetho yezolawulo, kunye namahlazo aphezulu aphelisa ukuthembana kwabantu.

Umthetho wependeton kunye nokuphela kwenkqubo yokugquma

EUnited States, iPendleton Act ka-1883 yaphawula ukuqala kokuqeshwa okusekelwe ekuhlonelweni komsebenzi kawonke-wonke, ukunciphisa urhwaphilizo olwaluxhaphakile phantsi kwenkqubo yokuphanga. Phambi kwalo mthetho, imisebenzi karhulumente yanikwa isiseko sokunyaniseka kwezobupolitika kunokuba ibe yinkqebeko, ukuyila impucuko apho amagosa aziva ebophelelekile kubalawuli kunakubantu bonke. IPendleton Act yaseka iKhomishini kaNovel Services kwaye yagunyazisa ukuvavanywa kokhuphiswano lwezikhundla ezininzi zikarhulumente. Le ngxaki kulawulo lobugcisa yayilinyathelo lokuqala ekuqhubeni imilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Utshintsho olufanayo lwenzekile kwamanye amazwe, kuquka iNtlango ye-Treveny yeNyuwa karhulumente (1854), eyakhokelela ekumisweni kwenkonzo yezoshishino zoluntu ezisekelwe kwimisebenzi yezentlalo.

Ixesha Eliqhubekayo Nendlela Echasene Neziphene

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwaqhambuka ukwanda kwemigudu yokulwa nokonakala, ingakumbi ngexesha leNkathi ehambela phambili eUnited States. Intatheli ezichaphazelekayo zabhenca ukurhwaphiliza koorhulumente besixeko, izikhululo zendlu yowiso-mthetho, kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente. Ekuphenduleni, abaguquli batyhalela phambili imithetho yemigaqo yemigaqo engqongqo yemithetho yokuziphatha, kuquka imigaqo yezemali, kunye neeququzelo ezizimeleyo. Ukusekwa kweFedera Bureaunial Bureautive of Investigation (FBI) ngo-1908 ijolise ekulweni kwemithetho yomthetho karhulumente. Ngoxa i-FBI yangaphambili ijoliswe kulwaphulo-mthetho, igunya layo lobuphengululo lanweshwa ngokuthe ngcelele ukuquka ubuqhetseko. Eli xesha labona ukumiswa kwemithetho ye-Opera ye-Operalfectic Active Actives (197), nto eyayenza ngokungekho mthethweni kwemithetho yamanye amazwe amazwe amaqela amazwe.

Iqhinga leNkcubeko yamanzi neMithetho kuMgaqo woRhulumente

Ihlazo leWatergate elikwiminyaka yee-1970 labangela ukuba kuphendulwe ukuthotyelwa kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha erhulumenteni, nto leyo eyakhokelela kwi-Ethics in Government Act ka-1978. Lo mthetho wembali wawuyimpendulo engqalileyo ekusetyenzisweni kakubi kwamandla okwavela ngexesha lolawulo lweNixon. Isenzo esimiselweyo sokuziphatha okuhle, sadala i-Ofisi ye-Rhulumente Ethics (OGE) yokuthobela, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba amagosa afumane ingcaciso yemali kumagosa aphezulu. Kwakhona yadala indawo yesiluleko esizimeleyo sokuhlola ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho engendawo ephezulu ebekwe phantsi kwesebe. Isenzo sonyaka ka-1979 simela ingongoma yokutshintsha isimilo kwi-U. Imithetho yokuziphatha, esuswe ekusabeleni kwendlela ephambili yokusebenza. Endaweni yokulinda amanyala ukuba kuqhutywe, urhulumente ngoku ebenendawo yokuthintela inkxaso sobuliso kwiingxaki zemali naphambi kokuba amaqela eenkuntlukelo.

Imithetho engundoqo kunye nophuhliso

Kuyo yonke inkulungwane yama-20 nasekuqaleni kwama-21, kwamiselwa imithetho ehlukahlukeneyo yokuthetha ngeenkxalabo ezithile ezingokwemilinganiselo esesikweni erhulumenteni.

  • I-Ethics in Government Act (1978) yamisela imilinganiselo yokuziphatha yaza yayila iOfisi yeMithetho yoRhulumente, enika ukhokelo noqeqesho kubasebenzi abaphethe amasebe.
  • ISibonelelo seLobbing Dislosure (1995) sijolise ekuboneni ukuba mhlophe ngokuphathelele imisebenzi ebhenelayo ngokufuna ukubhaliswa nokuxelwa kwenkcitho.
  • I-Honeifle Leadership and Open Government Act (2007) yomeleza imithetho efuna ukuhlatyelelwa, ukubonakala okungakumbi kurhulumente, kunye nezohlwayo ezingqongqo zokwaphula.
  • ISTOCK Act (202) yawalela amalungu eBhunga nabasebenzi besebe abaphetheyo ukuba basebenzise inkcazelo engeyoyawonke-wonke ukuze bangenelwe kwaye kwafuneka batyhilwe rhoqo ngemali.
  • ISigqeba esiLawulayo (1919) sathintela ukusetyenziswa kwemali efanelekileyo kwimisebenzi yokubhenela, nangona ukunyanzelisa kwayo bekungalungelelani.

Le mithetho ineenjongo ezifanayo: ukuseka urhulumente apho amagosa amele aphendule kuwonke-wonke kunokuba aphendule kwiminqweno yangasese. Icandelo ngalinye lomthetho owenziwe kwimpumelelo nakusilela kwabaphambili. Umzekelo, iKhosi yoBuhombiso bobuHulumeni kunye noVululo lweMgaqo-nkqubo yavala ukurhoxa kwiMpatho-mvume ka-199595 weLobbing Disloufire Act, ingakumbi kumnyango ojikelezayo phakathi korhulumente nomzingeno wobuqu. I-STOCK, idluliselwe ngaphakathi ekumangaleleni izityholo ezichasa amalungu eBhunga, ithetha umsantsa obe ukho kamashumi eminyaka phezu kwako nje ukuqondwa okusasazekileyo kwengxaki. Le ndlela yolwandolo ibonisa ukuba imithetho yokuziphatha imele iqhubeke ihamba kunye nokutshintsha kwamacebo.

Ucelomngeni Lokusebenzisa Imithetho Efanelekileyo

Nangona kumiselwe imithetho yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kusekho iingxaki ekumiselweni kwayo nasekunyanzelweni kwayo.

  • Ukungaphapheleni kwamagosa karhulumente ngemithetho yemilinganiselo ekhoyo, ingakumbi kwelo lizwe nakummandla apho ubuchule bokuqeqesha bulinganiselweyo.
  • Ubuncwane obungenele obubekiweyo ukuze kunyanzeliswe imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphengululweni kophando nasekunqandeni okubuthathaka.
  • Iingcinezelo zezobupolitika ezisenokudodobalisa ukuthobela imithetho engokokuziphatha, kuquka ukuziphindezela kwabahlaseli nxamnye nabavuli - mlozi nokungakhathaleli kwamagosa amiselweyo kwezobupolitika.
  • Ucango olujikelezayo phakathi korhulumente necandelo labucala, apho amagosa aye asebenzisa uqhagamshelwano lwawo ukuze afumane inzuzo yangasese ngaphandle kokwaphula umthetho ngokobuchule.
  • Ukuchasa imithetho yokuziphatha evumela amagosa ukuba abandakanyeke kwihambo ebonakala ingafanelekanga kodwa engawuchasi ngokucacileyo nawuphi na umthetho.

Olu celomngeni alulo qobo eUnited States. Kumazwe amaninzi, imithetho yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ikhona ephepheni kodwa ayifane inyanzeliswe ngenxa yamaziko abuthathaka, ukungenelela kwezobupolitika, okanye izithethe zenkcubeko ezinyamezela ukunganyaniseki. Kwanakusekwa kakuhle kolawulo-lwazi lwezolawulo-siseko, umsantsa phakathi kwemigangatho esemthethweni kunye nehambo entle yezoqobo unokuba ngobalulekileyo. Umzekelo, iiofisi ezizimeleyo zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kwezinye iindawo zingenawo amandla angaphantsi kwegunya okanye igunya lokuqalisa uphando ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa kwezobupolitika. Oku kudala inkqubo apho ukunyanzelwa kuxhomekeke ekuthandeni kwabo balawulwayo, okungagqibeleli xesha liphela.

Olunye ucelomngeni oluzingisileyo bubunzima bokuchaza indlela yokuziphatha ngendlela echanekileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba inyanzelwe kwaye ithambe ngokwaneleyo ukuba isetyenziswe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Imithetho ebanzi kakhulu ingangatyeshelwa njengengenakunyanzeleka, ngoxa imithetho ecuthene kakhulu ingaphetshwa ngabo bazimisele ukuphepha ukuthobela. Amagosa emigaqo-siseko kufuneka asoloko elungelelanisa iimfuno ezikhuphisanayo, ngokufuthi ngokubhekiselele kwinkcaso yezobupolitika kwabo bajonga ukunyanzeleka kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha njengesisongelo kumandla okanye impembelelo yabo.

Indima Yengcamango Kawonke - wonke

Uluvo loluntu lunendima ebalulekileyo ekuphumeleleni kwemithetho yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Xa abemi befuna ukuba kuphendulwe ityala labo kwaye bebonakale, isenokukhokelela ekunyanzelweni komthetho ongqongqo nakwiimeko ezingundoqo eziphembelela imbono yoluntu quka:

  • Amajelo eendaba athetha ngokuchana kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kurhulumente, okunokuvusela uluntu ingqumbo aze abangele ingcinezelo yokufuna utshintsho.
  • Ukumanyana kwabantu ngokubanzi kwiingxubusho eziphathelele ulawulo nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kuquka ukuba nenxaxheba kwiiholo zedolophu, amagqabaza kawonke - wonke namaphulo okuphatha.
  • Amanyathelo aphambili emfundo ajolise ekuphandeni imilinganiselo yokuziphatha nendlela yokunikela ingxelo yokwaphulwa.
  • Ukuthemba amaziko karhulumente, aphelelwayo xa ukuphulwa kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kungasohlwaywa kuze kunyuke xa kujongwa ukuba ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kufanelekile yaye akuguquguquki.

Ulwalamano phakathi koluvo lukawonke wonke kunye nokugcinwa komthetho wemilinganiselo yokuziphatha luyintsebenziswano. Amahlazo aphezulu eprofile aphelisa ukuthembana, nto leyo ebangela uxinzelelo lwezopolitiko lotshintsho. Xa utshintsho luthe lwenziwa, ukuba lubonwa lusebenza, ukuthembana kusenokuphinda kwakhiwe ngokutsha. Noko ke, lo mjikelo uxhomekeke kumthetho obonakalayo. Xa ukuphulwa kwemithetho yokuziphatha kuphengululwa kwaye kohlwaywe, uwonke wonke uyabona ukuba inkqubo iyasebenza. Xa ukuchasana nokungathobeki kwemithetho kuyathobelwa, ukugxeka kuyakhula. Oku kungenxa yoko kujongwa koooooooooogxada abalawuli jikelele, kubaluleke kakhulu.

I-media yezentlalo inyuse iinkalo ezikhuthazayo nezingalunganga zale ngxaki inamandla. Kwesinye isandla, ivumela abemi ukuba babelane ngokukhawuleza ngolwazi olumalunga nokwaphuka kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha nokucwangciselwa ityala. Kwelinye icala, isenokusasaza inkohliso kwaye ibangele ukukrokra okungathembani okungathembanga naxa amagosa ephethe kakuhle. Amagosa asesikweni kufuneka ajonge le meko ngokucokisekileyo, eqinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano lwawo lucace gca, kwaye izenzo zogunyaziso zibhalwe kakuhle kwaye zifikeleleka ekuhleni.

Imbono Yamazwe Ngamazwe Ngemithetho Yemilinganiselo

Indaleko yemithetho yokuziphatha ayiphelelanga eUnited States. Amazwe ahlukahlukeneyo aye avelisa iindlela zokukhuthaza imigaqo yokuziphatha, ngokufuthi ebolekana xa eqhelanisa neemeko zasekuhlaleni. Eminye imizekelo ephawulekayo iquka:

  • IUnited Kingdom’s Chinyorry Act (2010) yamisela amanyathelo abanzi okulwa nokunganyaniseki, kuquka ityala elingqongqo letyala kwimibutho yezorhwebo engakwaziyo ukuthintela ukunyoba.
  • I-Khanada's Conflict of Interection Act (2007) ijolise ekuthinteleni ungquzulwano lomdla phakathi kwamagosa karhulumente kwaye iseke i-Ofisi yeNkxaso yeNtlalo kunye ne-Ethic System.
  • IKhomishini yeSizwe saseOstreliya eLawula iCorruption (2022) yadalwa ukuze ithethe norhwaphilizo kurhulumente worhulumente worhulumente, emva kweminyaka yokufumana imvume yamaqela abonisa imbonakalo.
  • IKhomishini yamaLungelo kaNondyebo waseMzantsi Korea (2008) idibanisa ukunyanzeliswa kokulwisana nokunganyaniseki kunye nokukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu kunye nezibheno zolawulo.
  • I-Emobic Practices Investigation Bureau (1952) yaseSingapore ijongwa ngokubanzi njengenye yamaziko asebenzayo alwa nokunganyaniseki ehlabathini, anamandla amakhulu okuphanda nenkxaso eyomeleleyo yezobupolitika.
  • I-ofisi ye-European Anti-Fraud (OLAF, 1999) iphanda ngobuqhetseba, ukunganyaniseki, kunye nehambo engafanelekanga ebandakanya imali kunye namaziko e-EU.

Iindibano zezizwe ngezizwe eziliqela zikwayilolonga imithetho yesizwe. INdibano yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo echasene noHlabathi (UNCAC, 2003) yaseka imilinganiselo yomhlaba wonke yokuthintela, ukuphanga, kunye nentsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe. INhlangano yezezoqoqosho Co-o-apharation kunye noPhuhliso (OECD) ithenti-Briby Convention (1997) ifuna ukuba amazwe angamalungu anyanzelise ukunyotywa kwamagosa karhulumente wamazwe angaphandle kwimicimbi yezoshishino yezizwe ngezizwe. Ezi ntlanganiso ziyila inkqubo yokuncedana ngokomthetho kunye nemithetho eyongezelelweyo, iyenze kube nzima amagosa arhwebethisileyo arhwebe ityala okanye abhamele agwebe kwimida.

Phezu kwayo nje le migudu yezizwe ngezizwe, iinguqu eziphawulekayo zisekho kwindlela imithetho yemilinganiselo enyanzeliswa ngayo. Kwamanye amazwe, amasebe achasene nokonakala azimele kwaye afumana inkxaso entle; kwamanye, abuthathaka kwaye aphantsi kokungenelela kwezobupolitika. Iimeko zenkcubeko zikwadlala indima. Kumazwe apho ukunikelwa kwezipho kunye nokuqokelela izikhundla kusekwe ngokunzulu kwizithethe, ukwahlula phakathi kwemikhwa esemthethweni nehambo engekho mthethweni kusenokuba lucelomngeni. Imibutho yezizwe ngezizwe kunye neenkqubo zoncedo ezisetyenziswayo zifake kakhulu ekwakheni kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kodwa inkqubela idla ngokucotha kwaye ayilungelelani.

Ulwalathiso Lwexesha Elizayo Lwemithetho Yemilinganiselo

Njengokuba ibutho liqhubeka liguquka, ngokufanayo kufuneka imithetho yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kurhulumente. Umgaqo wexesha elizayo ungaquka:

Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye nokubonisa ngaphaya

Ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa okwandayo ukuphuhlisa ukubonakala nokuziphendulela kuyinto ethembisayo. Amanyathelo ogcino-lwazi avulekileyo apapasha izivumelwano zikarhulumente, iirekhodi ezitsalela phambili, kunye nokutyhilwa kwemali kwiifomati ezifundeka ngomatshini kwenza kube lula ukuba intatheli nabemi baphawule iipakethi ezikrokrelekayo. Ubuchule bokwenza ubuchule kunye nogcino-lwazi lungalawula inkcaso enokwenzeka yenzala ebangelwa kukuchaphazeleka komdla ngokufumana ii-asethi zemali. Ubugcisa buyenziwa ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukukhusela nokubhekiswa kwemikhondo yezemali. Noko ke, ubugcisa buzisa iingozi ezintsha ezingokokuziphatha, njengokungavumelani kwemithetho yezomthetho ekwenzeni izigqibo nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokujonga. Imithetho yexesha elizayo iya kufuna ukuthetha ngezi nkcukacha zogcino-data ezidipo-o-ekhiyo.

Ukuqinisa Intsebenziswano Yamazwe Ngamazwe

Intsebenziswano emandla yehlabathi lonke yokulwa nokonakala emhlabeni wonke ibalulekile njengoko ukunyuka kwemali kuya kusiba yimida enqamlezayo. Ukubuyiselwa, ukudityaniswa kwezivumelwano zoncedo lomthetho, kunye nokuququzelela uphando kuluncedo. I-International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA) eVienna isebenza njengesiseko sokuqeqesha nokuseka amandla, ngelixesha imibutho efana ne Transparency International iqhubeka ixhasa ukuxhasa imigangatho yomhlaba wonke eyomelele ngakumbi. Izivumelwano zexesha elizayo zingaquka amalungiselelo okutshintshisana ngokukhululekileyo ngenzuzo kunye nenkxaso eluncedo yabavuli bophali bobo.

Imfundo noqeqesho

Imfundo kunye noqeqesho oluqhubekayo kumagosa karhulumente ngehambo yokuziphatha kusisiseko sayo nayiphi na inkqubo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha esebenzayo. Kunokuba kuxhomekeke kuphela ekuzinziseni ngokuphuma kwisohlwayo, iindlela zale mihla zigxininisa ukuphuhliswa kwendlela yokuziphatha ngokuqeqeshwa rhoqo, abaqeqeshi bemilinganiselo yokuziphatha abaqashelwe kwii-arhente, kunye nokhokelo olucacileyo kwimibango ehambayo. Uqeqesho lwemfaniso esekelwe kwisimilo, ukuba uphando, kunye nokucwangcisa imiboniso kusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ukulungiselela amagosa ukulungiselela iingxaki zehlabathi zokwenene. Amanye amazwe ngoku afuna ukuqeqeshwa ngemilinganiselo yokuziphatha njengemeko yomsebenzi, kunye neezifundo zombutho zomsebenzi nyaka ngamnye. Oku kubonakalisa ukuba amagosa amaninzi afuna ukwenza izinto ngendlela efanelekileyo kodwa asenokungasoloko eqonda xa imeko ibeka ubomi bawo engozini.

Ukukhusela Abavuthuzi Beentaka

Ukuqinisa ukhuseleko lwabavuli-mlozi ababhenca ububi buyinto yokuqala kumazwe amaninzi. Abavutheli bomlilo badla ngokuba luluhlu lokuqala lokuzikhusela nxamnye norhwaphilizo, kodwa bajongene nomngcipheko obalulekileyo, kuquka ukuziphindezela, ukuhlukumeza, kunye nokubhala ubuxoki. Imithetho enika isiphiwo, imivuzo yemali, kunye nokhuseleko olusemthethweni ingakhuthaza abantu abaninzi ukuba baphumele phambili. I-Whistledgeiter Protection Direction Direction (2029) emisela imilinganiselo encinci yamalungu, kuquka ukhuseleko nxamnye nemiyalelo yokunika ingxelo ekhuselekileyo. Utshintsho olufanayo lunokuqwalaselwa kweminye imimandla.

Ukuthetha Nomnyango Ophethukayo

Ukuvala ucango olujikelezayo phakathi korhulumente necandelo labucala kuselucelomngeni oluzingisileyo. Ukupholisa amaxesha okuthintela abo babengamagosa ekungeneleni abo basebenza nabo ngaphambili kwiminyaka emininzi kuqhelekile, kodwa ukunyanzelisa kuyahluka-hluka. Amanye amazwe acebise ukuba kungabikho kuthintelo lobomi bawo kwiintlobo ezithile zokhuthuzo, ngoxa amanye ejolise ekunyusweni kokubonakala okungakumbi ngaphandle komsebenzi we-ofisi. Injongo ayikokuthintela ukuba amagosa angaphambili angasebenzisi ubuchule bawo kwicandelo labucala kodwa aqinisekise ukuba angasebenzisi unxulumano lwawo lukarhulumente olungekho bulungisa.

Isiphelo

Indaleko yemithetho yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kurhulumente ibonisa ukuxhomekeka okubanzi kwingqibelelo, ukuthembeka, kunye nokuthemba uluntu ngokubanzi. Ukusuka kuMthetho kaHammurabi ukuya kwiindibano zale mihla zezizwe ngezizwe, inkqubela yembali igobe ekubonakaleni okungaphezulu nasekunyanzelweni komthetho. Inkqubela eyenziweyo kwinkulungwane edluleyo ibiyinto enzima, kodwa iingxaki zisenentsingiselo. Ukungalungisi kuxhomekeke nakweziphi na izicwangciso ezisemthethweni, kwaye abo bafuna ukuxhatshazwa kwamandla kawonke wonke basoloko befumana iindlela ezintsha zokuphepha ukubhaqwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba imithetho yokuziphatha ayinakuze ihlale ikho. Kufuneka baqhubeke bethetha ngeengozi ezintsha, izixhobo zokunyusa izixhobo ezintsha, kwaye bahlangabezane nokulindela okunyukayo koluntu.

Njengoko sikhangela kwikamva, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka sisakha inkqubela eyenzekayo ngoxa sisingatha iingxaki eziseleyo. Ngokukhuthaza isithethe semilinganiselo yokuziphatha ekulawuleni, singaqinisekisa ukuba amagosa karhulumente asebenze ngomdla ongcono wabemi abakhonzayo. Oku akufuni nje kuphela imithetho eyomeleleyo kunye nokuzibophelela kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuba abantu bavume ukupheliswa kwenkohlakalo kwaye bafune ukuba urhulumente aphendule ngeli tyala. Imigaqo yokuziphatha ayiyondawo yokuya kwindawo abaya kuyo kodwa iyaqhubeka, ifuna ukuphaphaphaphazela, inkalipho, kunye nento edibaniselwa imbili kwimithetho yokuziphatha. Imbali yemithetho yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha isikhumbuza ukuba abantu baqhubeke bengavumi ukonakala kwaye banyanzele ukuba urhulumente athethe ukuba aphinde abe ngumsebenzi wokusesikweni.

Kwabo bafuna ukuqonda imeko yangoku yemithetho yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye nokusebenza kwayo, oovimba abaninzi bakhona. I-ofisi yoRhulumente Ethiyoliti inika ukhokelo kunye noqeqesho kubasebenzi besebe, ngelixa [ inikela ubuchule bokwenza izizwe ngezizwe zonke [ ukhupho lwendlela-yonyaka nengxelo yelizwe. [[FLT] iZibonelela iiNgqungqungquthela zezizwe ezimanyeneyo nxamnye noHluvo [[[FLT:]] [[5]] inikela iplani ebanzi yentsebenziswano yezizwe. U.S. Isebe leMithethotho engekho mthethweno yezobuGwaleko yezobuGwaleko [FT]] kunye nokhokelo lwezibonelelo lomthetho-Genethi yehlabathi lonke. [i-Genegalelo-Genethi ye-omatistiki ye-omati yoomati yoomati yoomati yoomati yoo-G.[