Indima kaRaje Sabra kwiNkxaso yezolimo eIndiya

Inkqubo yezolimo eIndiya ichaphazela indlela yokuphila yabemi abangaphezu kwesiqingatha belizwe kwaye imisela ukhuseleko lokutya kubantu abamalunga newaka lezigidi ezi-1,4. I-Raje Sabba, okanye iBhunga lase-United States, yindlu ephezulu yePalamente yaseIndiya kwaye idlala indima eyahlukileyo ekusulungekiseni nasekuqhubeni umthetho wezolimo. Ngoxa iLok Sabha imela abantu ngokuthe ngqo, iRajiya Sabba inika iqonga lokulungiselela amazwe ukuchaza imicimbi yentsimi, ukubukeza amatyala adluliswe yindlu esezantsi, kwaye icebisa ukuba imithetho yefama isebenze kakuhle kwaye iphelele. Ukuqonda indlela eli gumbi elisebenza ngayo kubaluleke ngayo nabani na kubandakanyekenelo kwi-griom, inkqubo yephondo, inkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwesizwe, okanye ukuphuhliswa kwelizwe lasemaphandleni.

Isalathisi soMgaqo-siseko kunye nokwakhiwa

IRaje Sabra imiselwe phantsi kweGatya 80 loMgaqo-siseko waseIndiya. Amalungu ayo anyulwa ngamalungu anyuliweyo eendibano zezowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente, kunye nezimbalwa ezityunjwe nguMongameli ngenxa yobuchule bazo kwimimandla enjengezobugcisa, inzululwazi, uncwadi, kunye nenkonzo yentlalo. Olu nyulo lungangqalanga luqinisekisa ukuba igumbi lenziwe ngabantu abanamava anzulu kulawulo lwemigangatho karhulumente, kuquka ezolimo, ukunkcenkcenkceshela, kunye nolawulo lwasemaphandleni.

Ngokungafaniyo neLok Sabha, encitshiswe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu, iRaje Sabha ngumzimba osisigxina. Isithathu samalungu ayo sithatha umhlala-phantsi rhoqo kwiminyaka emibini, sinika ukuqhubekeka kolawulo lomthetho. Olu zinzo lubaluleke kakhulu kutshintsho lwexesha elide lokulima, oludla ngokufuna ingxubusho eqhubekayo kunye nokuqwalasela amaxesha okutyalwa okuninzi kunye nemijikelo yoqingqo-mali.

Amandla amakhulu eRajeya Sabha ngamalungu angama-250, anamazwe angama-238 amele amangingqi kunye namasebe omanyano kunye nemimandla eli-12 efunyanisiweyo. Okwangoku, anamalungu amalunga nama-245. Amazwe anesiseko esikhulu sokulima.

Inkqubo yoMthetho yeeBhili zoLimo

Umthetho wezolimo eIndiya ungamiswa kwindlu yePalamente, ngaphandle kwamaphepha emali amele avele kwiLok Sabha. Inkoliso yemali enxulumene neendleko zefama `njengezo zinxulumene notshintsho lomhlaba, ibutho elisebenzisanayo, ukuvelisa urhwebo, okanye ukhuseleko lokutya , zidluliswa kuqala yiLok Sabha ze zithunyelwe kwiRapya Sabha ukuze zihlolwe.

Indima Njengecandelo Lokuvuselela

Xa ityala lifika kwiRajeya Sabra, livavanywa ngokucokisekileyo. Amalungu angaphikisana amanqaku onke, aphakamise imibuzo ngempembelelo yalo kubalimi, aze acebise ukuba kulungiswe. IRajiya Sabha inamandla okuthi:

  • [[UMTL:0] Inika iPass ityala ngaphandle kotshintsho – kulapho ithunyelwa khona kuMongameli ukwenzela ukuvunywa.
  • [[NTL:0] Yamkela uxwebhu - Oku kunyanzelisa ukuba iLok Sabha iphinde iphinde iqwalasele, kodwa indlu ephezulu ayinakuwuvala ngokusisigxina umthetho. Ukuba umlomo udluliswa kwakhona yiLok Sabba kunye okanye ungenazilungiso, ukuhlaliswa kwelungu lazo zombini izindlu kungaququzelelwa ukusombulula ukungavisisani (Artle 108).
  • [[UMTL: 0] Buyisela uxwebhu ngezilungiso – i Lok Sabha ingayamkela okanye ingayamkeli le minxeba. Ukuba ikhatyiwe, iqhina elifileyo likhokelela ekuhlaleni.

Ngokwesiko, iRaje Sabba inqabile ukoyisa umthetho karhulumente ngokuphandle kuba iqela elilawulayo lisoloko liyalela uninzi lwe-Lok Sabba kwaye lingakwafumana inkxaso eyaneleyo kwi Rajiya Sabra. Noko ke, xa urhulumente eswele uninzi kwindlu ephezulu .asenzekile phakathi ko-2014 no-2020 . iRajiya Sabba iba lukhangelo olunamandla, linyanzelela urhulumente ukuba athetheleze aze alungise iindleko.

[[NKT.0] Umthetho wonyaka owenziwe ngo-2013] Umthetho obalulekileyo odluliselwe yiLoka Sabhaha. KwiRajiya Sabhaha, iingxoxo ezibanzi zakhokelela ekulungiseni amalungiselelo embuyekezo kubalimi nokuqinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano olubanzi namabhunga edolophana. inguqulelo eyathi ekugqibeleni yaba ngumthetho waquka amacebiso amaninzi eRajiya Sabha.

Uxinzelelo oludityanisiweyo

Xa zombini izindlu zingavumelani kwimali eqhelekileyo, uMongameli angahlanganisana ahlale kunye. Ekubeni iLok Sabhaha inamalungu angaphezulu ngokuphindwe kabini eRaje Sabha, urhulumente udla ngokulawula. Noko ke, ukuma kunye kunqabile qha qha qha , ezintathu zivele kwimali enkulu yefama. Ukuba nje kunokwenzeka ukuba kuhlale i-Rajiya Sabra kumele kuxoxiswe nzulu kunokuba nje kungasamkelwa umthetho.

Imizekelo engqalileyo kaRaje Sabha Impembelelo Yomthetho Wezolimo

Impembelelo kaRaje Sabra iqondwa kakuhle ngemizekelo yekonkrithi. Nali ixesha elinzima xa indlu ephezulu imile ngokwenkqubo yezolimo.

Imithetho Yamafama Yama - 2020 Ebizwa Ngokuthi Igosa Lobucukubhede Nelokuxilonga

Isivumelwano soMthetho wePrice Memorence and Facture (Isivumelwano Sempatho-mali neSikhuseli) samiswa ngoSeptemba 2020(20).

Imibhiyozo kunye nokuchotshelwa kwetyala likawonke-wonke kwathi ekugqibeleni kwanyanzelisa iRepal, kodwa iRaje Sabha' yaba nendima ebudeni bezo ngxoxo yayikukunikezela ngeqonga kwimicimbi karhulumente ecacileyo. Umzekelo, amalungu asePunjab kunye naseHaryana abalaselisa ukunqongophala kweNkundla ePhakelelwayo ePhakelele, ngeli lixa abameli baseKarnataka kunye noMaharashtra bechaza imfuneko yomthetho weqonga elomeleleyo. Olu mahluko lwamazwi jyashashrine kwisakhiwo sikaRajaha Sab /en-ence beqinisekisa ukuba umthetho awuzange uvele nje ufakwe irelabha.

Imithetho Ebalulekileyo Yokwenza IsiHlomelo

UMthetho we-Encyclopolaties Commonties Act ka-1955 unika amandla karhulumente aphakathi okulawula ukuveliswa, ukunikezelwa, kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto eziyimfuneko, kuquka iimveliso ezininzi zokulima. Ukuhlaziywa konyaka wama-2020 okujolise ekususeni ii-oyile ezityiweyo, ii-oyile ezityiweyo, kunye ne-anyani, ukususa imida yamasheya ngaphandle phantsi kweemeko ezingaqhelekanga. Ikomiti iRajya Sabba yahlola ezi zilungiso. Iingcebiso zekomiti zakhokelela ekulungiseni izinto ezifunekayo kurhulumente ukuba bazise izizathu ezithe ngqo zokubeka imidanga yemali, ngaloo ndlela igcina umlinganiselo othelekelelo phakathi kwemarike kunye nabathengi abakhusela ekuthengi.

UMthetho woKhuseleko lwezoNyaka kaZwelonke (NFSA), 2013

Phambi kokuba kuqaliswe iNFSA, iKomiti emileyo kaRaje Sabha kwiMicimbi yokutya neyoMqulu yaba nee-arhente zoorhulumente, imibutho yabalimi, kunye neengcali zokutya. Iingcebiso zendlu ephezulu zanceda ukunyuswa kwemali evela kwikhaya lasemaphandleni lokuqala elingu 61% ukuya kuma-75% (namashumi amahlanu anesihlanu edolophu) kwaye zaqinisekisa ukuba ukunikwa kwezondlobozo zokutya kwamabhinqa akhulelweyo nabantwana kwakuqukwa njengamalungelo asemthethweni. UMthetho wokugqibela wabonisa uninzi lwe-Rajiya Sabba igas athe kraf, ebonisa indlela igumbi elinokuwubumba ngayo umthetho wentlalo-ntle.

Ukuziphatha Nenyosi Ezigcina Iibhiliyoni Zokukhuthaza

Amacandelo ezolimo amanye amaxesha abona iziphumo ezichane ngakumbi kwiRajeya Sabba. Umzekelo, ugcino lweBee kunye noMbutho Woviki beye badityaniswa kwiRajeya Sabba amaxesha amaninzi. Amalungu avela kumazwe anemveliso yobusi eninzi (njenge Uttankand, Himal Pradesh, kunye neNtshona Bengal) aye aqhubela ngempumelelo kwizabelo ezinkulu zoqingqo-mali, ii-makentengiso ezingcono, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokugcinwa kobulimi njengomsebenzi ofanele ingeniso. Iminikelo enjalo yecandelo eli-6 iyahoywa kwingxoxo eqhelekileyo yomthetho wefama.

Indima yeeKomiti zePalamente kuLawulo lobuGcisa

Uninzi lomsebenzi ontsonkothileyo kaRaje Sabba uyenzeka kwiikomiti. IKomiti yeSebe yePalamente eManyeneyo kwiLimi inamalungu angama-31, amalunga ne 10 akhutshwe kwi Rajiya Sabha. Ezi komiti zihlola amatyala, iimfuno zemali zemali (iii-bretts), kunye namaphepha enkqubo enkonzo afana noBulungiseleli be-Agriculture ne-Freals’s Welverst.

  • Uhlolo lwePregislative: IiKomiti zingabiza amangqina, kuquka abalungiseleli bolimo besizwe, abameli bobufama, izazinzulu zeBhunga le-Indiya lophando lwezobuGcisa (ICAR), kunye neziqu zoshishino. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba amatyala ahluziwe ngaphambi kokuba afike emazantsi.
  • Uphatho lwezikhuseli: Ikomiti ihlola uqingqo-mali lwezolimo, kuquka izabelo zocwangciso olufana nePMS-KISAN, amakhadi empilo yomhlaba, kunye nokunkcenkceshela. Amalungu e-Raje Sabha angacebisa ukuthatyathwa kwemali yokwenene ukusuka kumacebo angaphunyeziyo ukuya kwenempumelelo engakumbi.
  • Iingxelo ezithe ngqo ze- Iingxelo zakutshanje zekomiti ziquka “Impatho yeCHOVID-19 kwicandelo lezolimo”,“ Iprojekthi kunye nokurhoxiswa kwemveliso ye-oclic", kunye no-“Pricing kunye nokungaguquguquki kwe-Fertiliser". Ezi ngxelo zisoloko zikhokelela kwisenzo sikarhulumente okanye kumthetho omtsha.

Umzekelo, ingxelo yowama-2021 yeKomiti Yobumondi kwi-“Umkhosi Wokhuphiswano Kurhwebo Lwamashishini” yasetyenziswa ekulungiseni iMiltial Cooperative Societies (Amendment) Amalungu e-Raje Sabha asebenza kuloo komiti azisa iimbono ezifanelekileyo ezivela kumazwe anjengeGujarat neMaharashtra, apho intsebenziswano inamandla khona.

Umelo lwezilangazelelo zikaRhulumente neMimandla

Omnye wemisebenzi engundoqo kaRajiya Sabra kukumela amazwe njengeqela, uqinisekisa ukuba umthetho wezolimo awuzityesheli iindidi zengingqi. Ulimo lweIndiya asilolololo lodwa: iPunjab ityala lengqolowa nepady, iKarnataka ikhula iragi nekofu, kwaye i-Kerala ikhulisa irabha kunye nezinongo. Umthetho wefama enye unokuba negalelo ngokwahlukileyo kula mazwe.

  • [[NT.:0] Imimandla exhomekeke kwi-Monson: Amalungu eRavya Sabha asuka kumazwe odanyazo njenge Rajasthan neMaharashtra isoloko ixhasa ukufakwa kocwangciso lwesivuno olufanelekileyo kunye neenkonzo ze-inshorensi kwimali.
  • Amalungu akwilizwe kunye nezolimo: asuka kumaphondo eHimalaya kunye nempuma-mpuma enyanzelisa amalungiselelo akhethekileyo anxulumene nokulima (ukushenxiswa) ukulima, amalungelo amahlathi, kunye nokufikelela kwiimarike ukwenzela imveliso yezityalo.
  • [[NTL:0] Amalungelo oMkhosi: iimpikiswano zamanzi e-Interstate mbambano, `njengezo zingaphaya kwe-Cauvery, Krishna, ne Satulj-Yamuna uqhagamshelwano/isoloko ziphakanyiswa kwi Rajiya Sabha. Ngexa kungeyonto isoloko iphumela kutshintsho lomthetho olukhawulezileyo, ezi mpikiswano ziphembelela ukwenziwa kwePradan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yhoina (PMKSY) kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokunkcenkcelela.

IRaje Sabra ikwasebenza njengendawo apho oorhulumente belizwe banokubonakalisa ukungavumelani nemigaqo-nkqubo yezolimo esembindini. Umzekelo, xa urhulumente osembindini engakhange anikezele imithetho ngokutsha kurhwebo okanye ekufumaneni umhlaba, oorhulumente basoloko besebenzisa amalungu abo eRajiya Sabha ukuze bafune ukujongwa okanye intlawulo yemali. Oku kubangela ukuba ulawulo lwezorhulumente ludibane nenkqubo yefama.

Ucelomngeni Nezinto Ezisikelwe umda Kwindima Yezolimo YaseRaje Sabha

Nangona ingumgaqo - siseko obalulekileyo, iRaje Sabha ijongene neengxaki eziliqela zokwakha nezopolitiko ezinyanzela ukuba ikwazi ukubumba imithetho yezolimo.

Ukuguquka Kwezobupolitika

Njengelok Sabha, iRajiya Sabha isuka yanda. Amalungu asoloko evota kwimigca yeqela kunokuba afumane izilangazelelo zikarhulumente. Oku kwenza ukuba umsebenzi wegumbi njengommeli wamaphondo. Umzekelo, ngexesha leengxoxo zomthetho wefama ezingama-2020, amalungu amaninzi uRajiya Sabba asuka kwiqela elilawulayo axhasa amatyala kwanaxa amazwe awo ekwingxaki enkulu ye-agrian. Ukunyuka komsebenzi we- “mali” wokugqitha u-Rajya Sabra kwimicimbi engeyomali kunciphisa amandla ayo okuhlola.

Ixesha Elisezantsi nexesha leSiqendu

IRaje Sabra idibana malunga neentsuku ezingama-70-80 ngonyaka, kwaye amatyala ezolimo asoloko ekhuphisana nezinye izinto eziza kuqala zemithetho. Umthetho ontsonkothileyo ungafumana iiyure ezimbalwa nje zengxoxo yomgangatho. Ngenxa yoko, uhlolo lwekomiti luba yeyona ndlela yokuqwalasela iinkcukacha, kodwa iikomiti ngokwazo zijongene neziqu eziphambili ngezantsi.

Ukungabi Namandla Aneleyo Kwimiqathango Yemali

Inqaku le-110 lichaza amatyala emali, athe uMphathi-sibelezi wawafaka. Xa isibhangi sibhaliwe njengemali, iRajiya Sabha alunakulandula okanye liyilungise; ingenza kuphela ingcebiso yokuba iLok Sabha ingayamkela okanye ingayamkeli. Amanye amatyala efama anxulumeneyo, afana nalawo axhaswayo ngemali okanye akhuseleke ekutyeni.

Ukungabikho komelo oluthe ngqo lomlimi

Ngokungafaniyo neLok Sabba, enamalungu anyulwa ngokungqalileyo ngabalimi − kuquka amalungu abalimi . . Olunyulo lungachazwanga lungabenza bangasabeli kwimiba yezolimo. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi amalungu angenazimntwini, adla ngokuba ngamadoda adumileyo okanye oosomashishini, asenokuba akazazi kakuhle izinto ezikhoyo zefama. Noko ke, amanye amalungu anezigamfa athene anikela ngobuchule obubalulekileyo (umz., izazinzulu zezolimo kunye nezorhwebo).

Indima Neenguqu Zexesha Elizayo Zokomeleza Umthetho Wezolimo

Ukuze iRajiya Sabra ixhase igalelo lenkqubo yokulima, kuye kwacetywa iinguqulelo eziliqela ziikomiti zepalamente namaqela asekuhlaleni.

  • Inkqubo yekomiti enwenwayo: Iindleko ezininzi zokulima kufuneka zibhekiswe ekumeni okanye ekukhetheni iikomiti phambi kwengxoxo yomgangatho. Okwangoku, amatyala amaninzi adlula kweliqonga ku- “lityala” lokuvala okanye ukuqhuba okungxamisekileyo.
  • Iinkqubo zoluvo ezidityanisiweyo zolu hlanga: IBhunga leSizwe (Artle 263) kufuneka lidibane rhoqo ukuxubusha umthetho wezolimo. Amalungu eRajiya Sabha angahlala kwindawo ekwakheni iingxubeko ezinjalo, evala umsantsa phakathi kombindi namazwe.
  • Iziphumo zangaphambili zempembelelo ye-legislective: Phambi kokuba azise ityala lefama, urhulumente kufuneka anikezele iziphumo ezineenkcukacha zezoqoqosho nezentlalo kwiRajiya Sabha. Oku kuya kunika amalungu ulwazi olomeleleyo lwengxoxo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Tyikitya “imali esetyenziswayo" indlela: ukhokelo lweNkundla ePhakamileyo okanye imithetho yepalamente kufuneka icacise ukuba utshintsho lwenkqubo yezolimo encinci ayinakuthuthwa ngetyala lemali kuba nje ibandakanya inkcitho.
  • [[FLT: 0] Umelo lomgangatho wombuso kumadinga: Inkqubo yokudibanisa amalungu kwi Rajiya Sabha ingaquka imfuneko yokuba isiqingatha sezithuba ezinamagama afunyanisiweyo sizaliswe ngabantu abanobuchule kwinkqubela phambili yasemaphandleni, ukulima, okanye ukulondolozwa.

Isiphelo

IRaje Sabra ikude nesitampu nje sesithethe serabha ekwenzeni imithetho yezolimo. Indima yayo yesiseko somgaqo-siseko njengegumbi lokulungisa, umsebenzi wayo wekomiti, kunye nomelo lwayo lwephondo kunye nezilangazelelo zengingqi inikela uvavanyo olubalulekileyo kwisenzo sokulawula okungagqibekanga. Ngokulungisa ityala elifana neLand Acquisition Act kunye noMthetho weSizwe Wezoko Olunomgangatho, nangokusebenzisa iingxoxo ezingqongqo ngemithetho yefama engama-2020, i-Rajiya Sabra ibonise amandla ayo okufaka intelekelelo kwinkqubo yezolimo.

Kanti, ukuphumelela kwegumbi kuthotywa yimpembelelo yezobupolitika, iingcinezelo zexesha, kunye nokusetyenziswa okukhulayo kwemali edlulayo. Ukuze icandelo lemali eliseIndiya lifumane umthetho olungeleleneyo, oqwalaselwe kakuhle, iRajiya Sabha kufuneka inikwe amandla ngezantsi ngenxa yeenguqu zendalo kunye nozibopho olutsha kubuntu bayo besizwe. Ekugqibeleni, indlu ephezulu eyomeleleyo ithetha imithetho eyomeleleyo eyomeleleyo kwizigidi zabalimi abancinane abaxhomekeke kwimigaqo eqinileyo, efuna intlukwano.

Njengoko iIndiya iqhubeka ilungisa ubugcisa bayo bokulima − obunika amandla, urhwebo, kunye nokuzinziswa kwemozulu − iRajeya Sabha iza kuhlala iyibala elibalulekileyo apho amazwi ahlukeneyo amazwe angama-28 kunye neengingqi ezisibhozo zomanyano lungabumba ikamva lokulima. Ilifa layo alikho kwisithinteli, kodwa liseko. Abagcini bemithi kwihlelo le-agri, ukuqonda esi sicwangciso asikokukhetha, kuyafuneka ukuze kusebenze kakuhle ukuphanda nokuyila kwesigqibo.

[[NTLT:0] ukuqhubekeka kofundo lwenkqubo yowiso-mthetho eIndiya, bona isiqhagamsheli esisemthethweni se . Ulwandiso olungokwasemthethweni lwe-RAJA Spectaiat. Uhlaziyo oluneenkcukacha lwemali yezolimo, lubhekiselele [ Uphando lowiso-mthetho [[FLT:]]. Ulwazi olukwimithetho yefamafama kunye neziphumo zayo lungafunyanwa kwiingxelo zengxelo ze-EP] i-EPGURGS] kunye ne-EPGPGS. .