Ukwazisa: Idemocratic Bargain

Kwintliziyo yolawulo lwabameli kukho uphakamiso olusisiseko: inkqubo kufuneka ibonise ukuthanda kwabantu. Noko ke, le njongo ijongene nemeko engalunganga yokulawula, apho ubuncwane obuthe ngqo, ukukhuphisana kwamaxabiso okuziphatha, kunye ne-interia ifuna ukuthengiselwa kwentengiso engapheliyo. Inkcubathaneko [isigqibo sokuxhasa uphando lompu] []]. [isigqibo sokuxhasa uphando lwemipu endaweni yokhuseleko lomda, okanye ukubeka ulawulo lokwehla kwexabiso phezu komhlala-mdla wexesha elifutshane, qhamgangendlela inkcaso yenkcaso ye-oktha ye-ok amanani. [[Fluntlunt] [Flunt] [igl:0] [iiiqila] [indlela] [indlela] imele ukuba ivene ncam yemiqatha] [indlela] [indlela] yenjongo] yenjongo engundoqo yezo ephambili] yolawulo, kodwa isuka kwimisebenzi yayo isuka kwi

Ucelomngeni luqala ngembonakalo yoluvo lukawonke-wonke. Asiyonto idibeneyo, edityanisiweyo kodwa ingqokelela enamandla nesoloko iphikisana yezimo zengqondo, amaxabiso, neenkolelo. Umntu angafuna irhafu esezantsi kunye neenkonzo zobugrafiki. Uluntu lungaxhasa ngamandla "uxanduva" kwizinto ezingabonakaliyo ngeli xesha ichaseneyo nayiphi na inkqubo ethandwayo njenge Medicare okanye iSocial Security. Abaphathi-magente kufuneka batolike ezi mpawu zingqubanayo, balinganise ubunzulu bezinto abazithandayo, kwaye baqonde indlela izigqibo zabo eziza kugwetywa ngayo kukhetho olulandelayo. Le nkqubo ihluzwa ngamandla amaqela ezobupolitika, amaqela eencwadi yezezakhono, amaqela eenzalise izikhundla, kunye nezakhiwo zomgaqo-siseko somthetho-siseko somthetho-siseko somthetho-siseko, zonke ezinokugqwetha, ezinokugqwetha, okanye ukulisela, okanye ukutyeshela izwi likawonke wasekuhlaleni.

Ukuphenjelelwa

Ukudluliselwa kweemvakalelo zikawonke-wonke kwinkqubo akuzenzekeli. Kusebenza kwiinkqubo eziliqela ezingundoqo, nganye ineempawu zayo ezinamandla nezibuthathaka. Le mijelo igqiba ukuba ngoobani na aba mbono ibalulekileyo kwaye phantsi kweziphi iimeko abanokunyanzelisa utshintsho kwimo yenkqubo ekhoyo.

Unxulumano Olukhulu

Olona nxulumano luthe ngqo phakathi koluvo lukawonke-wonke kunye nenkqubo luloyiko olwahlulweyo lokuphumelela. Abezobupolitika bathetha ukuba, kumazwi esazinzulu sezobupolitika uDavid Mayhew, "abafuni abaneziqu ezibini bonyulo kwakhona. Le nto ibalulekileyo yenza intshukumisa enamandla yokulindela nokuphendula kwizinto ezikhethwayo ze-octives. I-Median Voter Theorem icebisa ukuba kwinkqubo yecandelo amabini, abazakuya kuquququzelela kumbindi wolwano lwendlela yendlela yokufumana ivoti. Oku kutsala kumaqela aphakathi ukulinganisela amaqonga abo kwimiba eeqonga eliphambili lorhwebo, njengomlinganiselo phakathi kokuthengwa kwabantu abahlawula irhafu nerhafu.

Noko ke, unxibelelwano olukhoyo alufezekanga. Amandla anyukayo onyuselo lwabavoti abalwayo, aqhutywa kakhulu ngabavoti abagqithisileyo, angatsala abatshayo kwindlu yabavoti jikelele. Ngaphezu koko, i-Gerrymanider ivelise iinki ezininzi "izihlalo ezikhuselekileyo" apho isisongelo sonyulo esinzulu kuphela sisuka kumntu ophambili ocelw'iiimbambano, kungekhona iqela elichasayo kunyulo jikelele. Kule mimandla, abezobupolitika bathenjiswa ngokubhekiselele ekulungiseni isiseko esimxinabileyo kunokuba kuthelekelele uluntu ngokubanzi. Ngaphezu koko, ivoti yevoti ye-vovovovota ithetha ukuba uluvo lwe "avager" ngokufuthi luyiprotookthi yembono engekho ngqiqwenileyo ye-yo, engekho ngqiqweni, kwaye ithetha ngakumbi, kwiinjongo zabo zorhwebo eziphezulu zoluntu.[8]

Indima Yemidla Elungelelanisiweyo

Uluvo lukawonke-wonke aluthethi ngokwalo. Uluvo olulungelelanisiweyo lusebenza njengabaququzeli, abaguquleli, yaye maxa wambi lugqwetha uluvo lukawonke-wonke. La maqela asuka kwimibutho esekelwe kububanzi njenge-AARP okanye imibutho yabasebenzi ukuya kujolise amaqela ajongeneyo afana neNational Rifle Association (NRA) okanye iSierra Club. Umsebenzi wawo ophambili kukuphelisa ingxaki yesenzo soluntu: abemi ngabanye banentshukumisa ebuthathaka yokusebenzisa ixesha kunye nobuncwane ekufuneni umgaqo othile, kodwa umbutho omi kakuhle ungadibanisa izibonelelo ezikhoyo ukuze usebenzise uxinzelelo oluphakanyiweyo kubenzi bomthetho.

Amandla eemfuno ezilungelelanisiweyo adala ucalucalulo lwesakhiwo ngendlela ezisombululwe ngayo ezinye iintengiso. Ngokuchasene noko, imigaqo-nkqubo enyanzelisa ixabiso elisasazekileyo kodwa inika inzuzo epheleleyo kwiqela elincinane (umz., irhintyelo yerhafu okanye irhafu ethile yezolimo) ejoliswe kulo ngokwezobupolitika ilula ukudlula, nokuba ayiphumelelanga okanye ayithandwayo. Ngokuchaseneyo, imigaqo enyanzelisa ixabiso leqela elincinane kodwa inika uncedo olugqithisileyo kwi-edla ngokungenamngeni kwi-mali (umz., ukuphelisa i-ekhotho ye-mali ye-carbon) kunzima kakhulu ngokwezobupolitika. Oku kuchazwa ngokubanziwa nguMancur Olson, ngokudumileyo njenge "Lock of Coactive," kuchaza isizathu sokuba uluvo lwasekuhlaleni lungasoloko lungangenelwa kwerhwebe oluncinane.

Amajelo Oondaba Njengomlamli Nommeli

Imeko-bume yesixhobo solawulo lweendaba isebenza njengonozakuzakuzaku-phambili phakathi koluntu kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo. Ayibonisi nje kuphela ukuba yinto yokwenene; ayibonisi ifreyimu esebenzayo, icwangcisa, kwaye ilungisa iindleko kunye neengenelo ezicacileyo zokhetho lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Umsebenzi wokucwangcisa kwecebo le media, ocaciswe kuqala ngu Maxwell McCombs kunye noDonald Shaw, ii posits ukuba nangona amajelo anokungaxeleli abantu [[FLT: 0] ukucinga, kuluncedo kakhulu ekubaxeleleni [.

Ukwahlulwa kwemekobume yale mihla yezixhobo zekhompyutha kutshitshitshise oku ngamandla. Ukuthotywa kwentengiso yentengiso, imithombo yeendaba kunye nokunyuka kwe-athom ye-interfanti ye-ovelm ye-oventialism kubangele ukuba ii-laves zesandi ziqine kwaye zidibene. Oku kwenza ukuba ukurhweba ngemithetho kungabi lula ukwenza urhwebo olufunekayo. Endaweni yoko, kufunyaniswe kwi-lebhusi: ukulalanisa kwi-flans okanye kwi-meareatry expressiary akuyompinda okanye i-mvolulo yezonyango kodwa "betrayal" okanye "elcheppout" okanye "echrell" oku kwenza kube nzima abenzi benkqubo efunekayo ekulawuleni, njengoko nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi naleyo esekelwe kwisiseko se-medianstivelgnotenti kunye nokucinga okungekho mthethweni kwemicimbini, ukuxhasa ulukelo oluphambili lwemeko ephambili loburhulumente loburhulumente, ukuxhasa ulawulo ngokuchasene noluku

Intshukumo yorhwebo lwemithetho yekhompyutha: Uphando lwezicwangciso ezingundoqo

Uhlalutyo lwemiqathango ethile yenkqubo ityhila indlela ezisebenza ngayo iindlela zoluvo lukawonke-wonke kwihlabathi lokwenene, ukubumba ukhetho olunzima oluchaza indlela echaphazelekayo yesizwe. Ezi meko zibalaselisa uxinezeleko phakathi kokuthanda okuqhelekileyo, izilangazelelo eziphezulu, kunye nemiqathango yequmrhu.

Ukunyamekela Impilo: Umsantsa Oqhubekayo Phakathi Kosukelo Olubanzi Neendlela Ezikhethekileyo

Inkqubo yonyango eUnited States inika umzekelo wencwadi esetyenziswayo wemida yoluvo lukawonke-wonke. Kwiminyaka engamashumi angamashumi, uphando lubonise ngokungaguqukiyo ukuba uninzi lwamaMelika luxhasa [[FLT: 0] uphando] lwendalo yonke, olunokufikeleleka. Kodwa, ilizwe liye lazama ukufikelela olu sukelo, lijongana norhwebo lwemithetho eqinileyo: luchane nokhetho lwe-.

Ukudlula kunye nomlo olandelayo wezopolitiko kuMthetho weAffordble Care Act (ACA) ngo-2010 ubonisa oku ngamandla. Uwonke- wonke wahluleke kakhulu kwiingcinezelo [[FLT: 0] uthetha [ ukufikelela kwintlawulo yendalo yonke. Abambalwa abanamandla baphikisana nendima enkulu karhulumente, ukuxhasa izisombululo zemakethe yemali. Enye into ediza kakhulu inkqubo yokuhlawula enye. Abaphathi-mthetho, ukujongana nezicinezelo ezinqamlezileyo, kwabangela ulwaniso oluntsokothile oluquka ukunyanzeleka (ingcamango ebanzi ekuqaleni) kunye nokuxhobisa iinshorensi (ukusondela kwentengi yentengi). Ngexesha elifutshane, iAA yayinokuphumelela kakhulu kwaye ilahleko ukulawulwa kwemeko yoluntu, nangona ingekho mvume yoluntu.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu: Imeko - bume Etshintshatshintshayo

Ukusabela kwehlabathi lonke kutshintsho lwemozulu kumele owona mgaqo-nkqubo wexesha elide wokurhweba: ukuphazamiseka kwexeshana lokuhambelana kwezoqoqosho ngokuchasene nozinziso lwexesha elide lwezijikelezi-planethi. Uluvo lukawonke-wonke kumazwe amaninzi ahambe phambili luye lwatshintsha ngokunyanisekileyo ukuxhasa imozulu, kodwa olu ngqiqwenelwano luye lwaphuka xa lujongene neendleko ezithile zalo tshintsho.

IGiliet Jaunes (Izikhundla ezifumileyo)[[FOLT:1] igalelo eFransi ngo-2018 linikela isifundo esicacileyo. Urhulumente waseFransi wasebenzisa irhafu yepetroli elungiselelwe ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhon nokukhuthaza uthutho olucocekileyo. Ngokwenkqubo, irhafu yekhabhoni lisixhobo esisebenzayo. Ukubonakala koluvo lukawonke wonke, kwaqondwa njengerhafu enzima yerhafu enzima yemibani esemaphandleni nabemi abasebenzayo abangenayo enye indlela yokuqhuba. Ukungavumelani nomthetho wanyanzelela urhulumente ukuba andise irhafuthelo. Ukuhamba kwentengiso apha kwakuphakathi kweenjongo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokungalawuleki kwemeko. Ukungaphumeleli komgaqo wolawulo oluphezulu lwemeko-ntle yemeko-ntle, ukubonakala kokungaveli komfezeki kwemeko-ntle yemozulu, ukuxhasa ngokuzenzekelayo kwemiqatha kwemiqatha kwemibango yezo efuna ukuqhuba imfazwe efuna ukuqhuba i-ontath'ieUnited States.

Ukhuseleko Nemfihlo: Ukulungelelana Okuphambili Kwendawo Ephambili Yorhwebo

Ukurhweba phakathi kokhuseleko lwesizwe kunye nokhuseleko lomntu ngamnye yenye yezona zinto zisisiseko kulawulo lwedemokhrasi. Uluvo lukawonke-wonke ngalo mbandela luchanabeke kakhulu kumgangatho ocingelwayo wesoyikiso. Ekulandeleni komhla wesisongelo, uhlaselo lwase-U.S. lukawonke-wonke wamkela ngokuphawulekayo amandla agqugqisileyo okuhlola anikwa urhulumente phantsi koMthetho wePatriot. Umnqweno wokhuseleko ungaphezu kakhulu kwento ekhoyo ngokuphathelele imfihlo. Ukudlula kwe-FISA Amendmentsments Act (Ukhupho 702) kwaqhubeka oku, uvumela urhulumente ukuba aqokelele ii-agidi ezininzi zenkcazelo yothungelwano.

Noko ke, izityhilelo zikaEdward Snowden ngo-2013 malunga nomlinganiselo weenkqubo zokhangelo lwe-NSA zabangela utshintsho olubalulekileyo kuluvo lukawonke-wonke. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, ukurhweba kwabonakala kwaye kwasebenza. Abaninzi abemi, ingakumbi abo basemgangathweni wasekunene kunye nomphathi-mikhosi osekhohlo, baqala ukuthandabuza ukuba iingenelo zokhuseleko zazingaxabisanga iindleko zobuqu. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni kwenziwe utshintsho, njengokudlula komthetho we-USA Free Act ngo-2015, okuye kwaphelisa ingqokelela enkulu yeminxeba encinane yeminxeba. Kodwa olu rhintyela lwalungasisigxili. Njengoko ukukhutshwa okukhawulezileyo kutyhilwa kweSnobhunuke kwaye ukhuseleko olutsha luvele, inkxaso kawonke yokuchongiwe. Umzekelo obonisa ukurhoxilonga, ukusetyenziswa koluvo lwamachiza oluqhelekileyo.

Iingxaki Neempazamo Zoluvo Loluntu

Ngeli xesha uluvo lukawonke-wonke lungundo-mphambili wedemokhrasi, ikwangumthombo wengxaki enzima. Iziganeko eziliqela ezibhalwe kakuhle zicela umngeni ingcamango yokuba "abantu" basoloko besona sikhokelo silungileyo kwiinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokurhweba.

Ukungazi nokungaqiniseki

Ummi oqhelekileyo unexesha elilinganiselweyo, ingqalelo, kunye nentshukumisa yokufumana ulwazi olunzulu ngemiba emininzi yenkqubo. Isazinzulu sezobupolitika uAnthony Downs ubizwa ngokuba yile kukungabikho kolwazi [. Amathuba okuba ivoti yomntu omnye izakugqiba unyulo iphela ngokuncinane, ngoko ixabiso lokufumana ulwazi olunenkcukacha zenkqubo lidla ngokudlula inzuzo ekhoyo. Ngokwesiphumo, abantu abaninzi babambelele koko uFilipu Pracce Contency akubiza ngokuba iziqulu zonyulo []], ngoko ke iindleko zonyulo zishwa zishwaye kwibala xa umphetho, kodwa zingabonisi, iinkolelo ezizinzileyo.

Le nto ingucelomngeni olukhulu ekutolikeni uphando kwimiba ethengiselwayo. Ukurhweba kobugcisa obuphezulu, njengomlinganiselo ophezulu werhafu yenkampani esebenzelayo okanye ukwenziwa kwenkqubo ye-cap-trade, kunqabile ukuba kube ngumxholo welungu lentetho, uluvo lukawonke-wonke. Iimpendulo zokuhlola kwimixholo enjalo zidla ngokuba zizinto ezibangela imibuzo ebhaliweyo, ukunikezela irhafu, okanye ingxolo ezenzekelayo. Abenzi benkqubo kunye namaqela anomdla banokusebenzisa ukungazi ngokurhweba ngendlela elungileyo, ngokunempumelelo ekuveliseni uluvo lukawonke wonke uluntu oluxhasayo. Ngoko ke, ukumila kokuhlola okuphezulu komgangatho ophezulu womgangatho akusombululo; yinxalenye yenkqubo eyakhelwa ngoluvo lukawonke.

Imodeli Ephambili Yembono Kawonke - wonke

Isazinzulu sezobupolitika uChristopher Wlezien wacebisa ukuba kubekwe imodeli ephambili [[FLT: 0] ukuchaza indlela uluvo lukawonke-wonke olusabela ngayo kwinkqubo. Kanye njenge-thermostat ebangela ukuphola xa igumbi lishushu kakhulu, uluvo lukawonke-wonke luhamba kwicala elichaseneyo nenkqubo. Ukuba inkqubo ishukuma kakhulu ekhohlo, uluvo lukawonke-wonke lutshintsha-tshintsha kwicala lasekunene, lufuna ulungiso. Ukuba inkqubo ihamba kakuhle, uluntu lufuna inyathelo elithe kratya.

Oku kudala ulwahlulo olunamandla, kodwa kukwathetha ukuba ukulawula ngempumelelo kungadala iimeko zokubuyela emva kwezobupolitika. Ukudlula kwe ACA (inkqubo ehamba ngasekhohlo) kwalandelwa kunyuko lweTication (ukutshintsha okusekunene eluvofini). Ulwandiso olunzima kunye nerhafu kuzakugawulwa phantsi kolawulo lweTrump (ukuhamba kakuhle) kwalandelwa kukuhamba ngamandla okuqhubekayo komphambili nobuluhlaza beliza phakathi kwe 2018. Kuthetha ukuba abakhi bomgaqo, oku kuthetha ukunika uluntu ixhoba elihambayo. Inkqubo namhlanje ingqwalasela iimbewu zomkhethi wowiso. Le ngcinga ichaza isizathu sokuba kunzima ukufikelela kwizinto ezihlala zihleliyo kwaye kusenzeka rhoqo.

Ukuchaphazeleka Nokuchazwa Kwabantu

Uhlobo lwempikiswano yezobupolitika luye lwatshintsha. Ayisabhekiseli nje kwiimeko ezichaseneyo nemigaqo; imalunga nokwaziwa. ichaza utyekelo lokubekwa ngokwentlalo lokujonga amalungu eqela eliphikisanayo ngokukrokrela, ukungathandi, kwaye kwanokuba kukudelela, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziziphi na iingxaki ezisemngciphekweni. Ipatrisanshini iye yaba luphawu olunamandla oluchaza uluntu, olufana nonqulo okanye ubuhlanga.

Oku kubekwa kweliso kugqwetha indima yoluvo lukawonke-wonke ekulungiseni ukuthelekisa iintengiso. Xa inkqubo icetywa liqela eliphikisayo, isoloko ichaswa ngokomdla nguwonke-wonke, nokuba iinkcukacha zayo ezisezantsi zihambelana nezizodwa ngaphambili. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukulalanisa. Inkqubo ebandakanya ukurhwebelana ngenyani-ukudibanisa into ethile. Kunokuhlasela ngokulula okufumana into ```ihlasela ngokulula' okanye "iindlela yokuyilwa'' ngolawulo" ngoomatiloshe kunye namaqela enomdla. Uwonke, ukukhangela ihlabathi ngelebhusayithi, ukuvuza abapolitiki ngokuma nokubohlwaya kwelinye icala, kunokuhlasela okungachasanayo. Oku "ukuhlasela okulula" kwenza imeko yezobupolitika apho imeko yelizwe inzima, kwanendlela yorhwebo nenkoliso, kubandakanywa ngoninzi lweqela, ngenxa yokuba iqela elinolwazi olunamandla lokuchasana.

Impembelelo yelitha nefestile engaphezulu

Ucelomngeni olubalulekileyo nolungamkelekanga kumandla oluvo lukawonke-wonke luvela kuphando lwempembelelo karhulumente . Ufundo lwephawu lukaMartin Gilens kunye noBenjamin Page, "Uvavanyo lweTheories of American Politiki," lufumanise ukuba amaqela aphezulu ezoqoqosho kunye namaqumrhu alungelelanisiweyo anempembelelo enkulu kwinkqubo karhulumente ka-U.S., ngelixesha umlinganiselo wabemi kunye namaqela enomdla osekelwe kwiquluntlu-uni awana mpembelelo incinci ezimeleyo. Oku kufumana kuxhasa i- Economic-Domistication ingcamango yezoshishino] yezo zezobupolitika, apho ukhetho lwemidalibo olumiselweyolwayo.

Le ngcamango inxulumene kakhulu noluvo lukawonke-wonke Ifestile ebanzi, umzekelo wokungalingani kwezobupolitika ochaza uludwe lwemigaqo-nkqubo eyamkelekileyo kuluntu olubanzi nangaliphi na ixesha elinikiweyo. Ngoxa i Window i-Overton isoloko ixoxwa ngomlinganiselo woluvo lukawonke-wonke, ijijwe kakhulu yintetho ephezulu, i-media yoonothethority, kunye namandla e-othentini. Izityebi nezibonelelo eziphambili zezoburhulumente zingafaka kakhulu ekucingeni iitanki, amaphulo zixhobo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuguqula i-Overton Windowston kwicala elilungileyo. Bangenza ingcinga nje ukuba iingcamango eziphambili (um. g. g.

Izihluzi zeziko: Indlela Iinkqubo Eziyilo Ngayo Iziphumo

Ukuguqulelwa kweembono zikawonke-wonke kwinkqubo akunanto ithe ngqo. Isoloko ihluzwa ngokwendlela ethile yenkqubo yezopolitiko.

Inkqubo ye-Electoral

Imithetho yokhetho lomdlalo ibaluleke kakhulu. Imposiso yendlela yokulawula i-FTP]. , njengaleyo isetyenziswa eUnited States nase United Kingdom, iyakwazi ukuvelisa inkqubo yecandelo elibini elingacinezela amalizwi esithathu kwaye ishiye i-partment enkulu yokungafumani mvume. Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokufumana i-Foctive (RR). [FVT3], ingenza i-projectives i- 51% yevoti, ishiya 49% yoluvoti ekhatheleyo engenalizwi lingqalileyo kurhulumente. Ngokunjalo, i-PGractiontationtiontion (PR) kunye ne-okthe) ezithe ngqindileyo (iiiiiindlela ebanzi) phakathi kwe-Europe, iveza i-PRGenegnobostingstings ezibonisa ngokuchaneyo. Ngokokusoloko ukunyaza izicelo (inxalam) kunye nezininzi (iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

Umanyano

Iinkqubo zomanyano, ezifana nezikwelo lase-U.S., eCanada, naseJamani, zidala imigangatho emininzi karhulumente osabelayo kuluntu olwahlukileyo. Oku kuvumela "oomatshini bolawulo-melo" apho abaphathi-nkqubo abahlukeneyo bangalingwa kumaphondo ahlukeneyo. Ukubekwa komsayini ngokomthetho eUnited States ngumzekelo ogqibeleleyo. Ngoxa umthetho karhulumente usaluthintela uluvo lukawonke, kumazwe amaninzi oluzimisele ngokungqongqo ukuxhasa ukwenziwa komthetho. Abenzi bemithetho-mthetho banokuphendula ngokudlulisa inyathelo nemithetho yemithetho yesizwe elawula imigaqo ecacileyo yelizwe. Umthetho worhulumente uvumela utshintsho lwenkqubo ukuba lubekho naphantsi kwemithetho eqinileyo, ibonise indlela yokunikezela kwesizwe esiphaka ukuvala ulawulo olunetyala. Ngokuphikisana nomthetho wesizwe, uninzi lwesizwe lungavumela ukulawulwa kwemithetho yezongalonke, umbalo oluthe kokugqibela.

Impinda yezeejaji

Ijaji ezimeleyo enegunya lokuhlola ityala kukuhlola ngabom ukuthanda okukhawulezileyo koninzi. Iinkundla zenzelwe ukukhusela amalungelo asisiseko kunye nemigaqo-siseko ngokuchasene neminqweno ekhawulezayo yoluvo lukawonke-wonke. Izigqibo zeposi zenza umqondiso ofana Brown v. Ibhodi yemfundo[ [iii-disestiki] [ii-FLT] [iii-FLT] [iiir-'umthetho] kunye [i-'i-'i-'i-'atronalm's'.' (i-FLTTT) kunye nomthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho womthetho) [FFFFFF]

Ngeli xesha ezi zigqibo zamkeleke kakhulu kwaye zibhiyozelwa, indima yejaji ihlala iphikiswa. Abahlalutyi bathi ukuchopha kwejaji kunokuthi kufunyanwe ukuququzelelwa kwedemokhrasi, ukubeka inkqubo kwibhentshi engakwaziyo ukukhusela inkxaso yoninzi kwindlu yowiso-mthetho. [[FLT]] iJack's Health Organization Isigqibo sejajinga, esiphenduzisa iRoe v. , ibonisa ukuba iNkundla ePhakamileyo iyakwazi ukulandela uluvo lukawonke-wonke okanye ukutshintshela emva kumaphondo, apho imele iqhutyelwe phakathi kobundhobo, inkqubo yedemokhrasi. Ulwalamano phakathi kweenkundla zoluntu luye luphenjelwe lusetyenziswa ngeNkuxosho olude, kodwa luye lunganyelwe lunganye oluqhelekileyoyo, lukhuselwe ukukhusela amatyala angelelweyo, amatyala angengo angengo amacala angeyo, amacala

Isiphelo: Ingcamango Elula Engapheliyo

Ingcamango yokuba uluvo lukawonke wonke kufuneka luyilo ubuchule bokuguqula inkqubo yentengiso ibangelwe yithuku. Yimeko ebangela ityala ledemokhrasi. Kodwa inyaniso intsonkothe kakhulu. Uluvo lukawonke-wonke asilolizwi elicacileyo kodwa lilizwi elicacileyo kodwa liyimpompoza-ngokodwa kwaye lisetyenziswa lula. Iindlela ezidlulisela ezi mpawu `````````Imiqondiso''', amaqela enzala,', kwaye medipola-media' . Ukungagqibeleli kwendlela yokuvota kunye namandla okuzichaza. Ekugqibeleni, ukwakhiwa kwemithetho yolawulo, ukwahlukana kwamandla, kunye nokuhlola okugweba okulawula kuqinisekisa ukuba iimvakalelo eziqhelekileyo aziguquleli ngqo kwinkqubo kodwa zimele ziqhube izigcayise izigcayise kwiindawo ze-vetoto ne-compulllmsmenti.

Impilo yedemokhrasi ayixhomekekanga kusini na ukuba uluvo lukawonke-wonke luyilawula ngokugqibeleleyo yonke inkqubo, kodwa kusini na ukuba kukho imposiso esebenzayo yesehlo phakathi kwezi zombini. Oku kufuna ukuba kubekho ubuchule obufanelekileyo bokufumana ulwazi kunye nokuquququzelela; imo yezonxibelelwano enika ulwazi kunokuba idibane; amaziko ezobupolitika asabelayo kodwa angaguquguqukiyo; kunye nobuchule bokwenza inkqubo ephezulu ekulungeleyo ukuphulaphula ngoxa ikwabonisa isibindi sokwenza nzima, okuyimfuneko, yaye ngamanye amaxesha ukungathandwa kwabantu. Ufundo lwembono kawonke wonke ekugqibeleni lutyhila ukuba idemokhrasi asingomatshini wokuhambisa oko kufunwa ngabantu, kodwa iyaqhankcathaza, inkcatho yokungquzula koko bakufunayo.