Utshintsho lwenkqubo yamanzi lubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ulawulo lwamanzi ahlalayo nokulungisa iingxaki ezibangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukuhlaziywa kwedolophu, kunye nongcoliso. Ingxaki esoloko ingahoywa kodwa ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni iinkqubo zamanzi kukudityaniswa kwemibutho yabemi. Xa abantu bebandakanyeka ngokukhutheleyo kwiinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo, imigaqo-nkqubo idla ngokulingana, ixhase, kwaye iphendulele kwiimfuno zasekuhlaleni. Njengoko ubuncwane obungenamanzi busanda kwaye budibene, amazwi abemi abaqhelekileyo baye bashukuma kumbindi womgaqo-nkqubo obugcisa. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa indima ekhoyo yokuthengiselwana kwemi kumaqela amaqela ahlukeneyo, iinguqulo, iziphumo, indlela esebenza ngayo, kwaye into enokwenziwa ngayo ukoyisa imiqobo kunye nobungqina obunentsingiselo yokungashukuko okunentsingiselo kodwa okunentsingiselo yempumelelo.

Isizathu Sokuba Ummi Abandakanye Imibandela

Ukuganana kwengingqi kuzisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo kunye nolwazi lwasekuhlaleni kwinkqubo yokwenza inkqubo. Oku kusebenza ngokusemthethweni kunceda kubonelele iimbambano zobomi ezijamelene noluntu kwaye kukhuthaze imvakalelo yokuba ngumnini kunye noxanduva lobuncwane bamanzi. Abemi ababandakanyekileyo bangayixhasa imigaqo ekhusela amalungelo abo kwaye baqinisekise ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okuzinzileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukungenelela kulwa nentelekelelo phakathi kwamaziko alawulayo kunye nokulawulwa, nto leyo eyimfuneko kumgaqo wexesha elide. Xa abantu bevile, babonakala beqhelene nemigaqo, banokuxhasa ukuveliswa kwemali efunekayo, kwaye banegalelo ekusebenzeni kunye ngexesha leengxaki ezinjengembalela okanye imijelo. Uphando olusuka kuwe [[FLD: 0] [FLD] [FLD] [FLD] ibonisa ukuba ulawulo lwamanzi olukhudluphanga lunxulumene nolwanolwano lwezinzo oluncikeleleyo.

Ulwazi lwasekuhlaleni kunye nokuhlaziywa kombhalo

Abenzi bezomthetho abahleli kwizixeko ezisemakomkhulu badla ngokungabinalwazi olukumgangatho ophantsi ofunekayo ekuyingeniseni ungenelelo olusebenzayo kuluntu oluthile. Abami banolwazi olunzulu lwentwasahlobo yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, iinkalo zembali, ukusasazwa kwamanzi ngokungacwangciswanga, kunye nezithethe eziqhelekileyo ezikufutshane namanzi. Umzekelo, kwiindawo ezininzi zasemaphandleni ze-Saharan Afrika, abafazi abanoxanduva lwezo kuqokelelwa kwamanzi ekhaya.[FLT:] IBlonlonment [12:1] World [World] World [FLT:]

Ukuphendula kunye nokubonisa ngaphaya

Ukuganana kwabemi kusebenza njengendlela yokuhlola ubuqhetseba nokungafezeki. Xa abantu bekwazi ukuqwalasela nokuthabatha inxaxheba ekucebeni, ekucwangceni uqingqo-mali, nasekuhloleni, banokubeka amagosa etyala ngenxa yomsebenzi. Ukuvakalw'uwonke, uqingqo-mali, ii-partment, iikomiti zolawulo lwabemi ziye zasetyenziswa ngokunempumelelo kumazwe afana neBrazil ukunciphisa ubusela amanzi nokuphucula ubuchule bokuphatha. Kwisixeko saseBelo Diabriete, imigaqo yoqingqo-mali ecwangco ivumela abemi ukuba bagqibe indlela yokunika imali yokuhlawula nokuphucula ukhuseleko nolwaneliseko loburhulumente, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni kubekho ulwando olufanelekileyo ekufumaneni ulwando oluphezulu.

Imeko Yembali Nendaleko

Ukugaxelelwa kommi kulawulo lwamanzi akuyonto intsha. Impucuko yamandulo njengaleyo yaseMesopotamia kunye neNtlambo iIndus yaxhomekeke kumabhunga oluntu ukulawula iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela. Kwiingingqi ezininzi zomthonyama, amanzi abonwa njengaluncedo oluqhelekileyo, elawulwa kunye ngemithetho eqhelekileyo. Noko ke, ngenkulungwane yama-20 yatshintsha indlela yokuhamba, apho iingcali kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente enza izigqibo ezingento eninzi. Lo mzekelo udla ngokusilela ukuchaza izinto zenyani zasekuhlaleni kwaye ukhokelela kwimilo enkulu, ingakumbi xa amadamu amakhulu okanye amasuntswana afudukayo eekile. Unyaka we-192 ye-1992 Dublin kumanzi nophuhlisoGenearception (5) iquka ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi acocekileyo, kwaye ukususela oko, ingqiqo yokuphatha amanzi acocekile.[5]

Iindlela Zokuba Ngummi Omi Ngamnye

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokubandakanya abemi, ukusuka kulwazi olungekhoyo oludibanisayo ukuya kukwenza ukumanyana okusebenzayo. Ukhetho lwendlela luxhomekeke kumongo, umba wenkqubo okhoyo, kunye nobuncwane obukhoyo. Ngelizantsi lucalulo olubanzi lwezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo nezisebenzayo.

Ukubuza Kwasesidlangalaleni Neentlanganiso ZeeHolo Zedolophana

Ezi zizinto zesithethe ezijongene nobuso obungamaqela, uvo olungaziwayo kunye nabemi banokubuza imibuzo okanye banikele ingxelo. Nangona kulula ukulungiselela, basoloko betsala kuphela abona bantu bathethayo okanye abachaphazelekayo kwaye banokulawulwa ngamazwi anamandla. Ukwenza ukuba abaququzeleli basebenzise amaqela anokuqhekezwa, ukuvota okungaziwayo, kunye neenkonzo zoguqulelo kumaqela olwimi olusezantsi. EMzantsi Afrika, iSebe lolawulo lwamanzi kunye nobuSanitation libamba “amaqumrhu abalawuli abasebenzi abazisa kunye abalimi, abameli, abameli, neenkokeli zoluntu ukuxubusha ngezicwangciso zokuditya amanzi.

Ucwangciso-qhinga kunye nophawu lwe-Co-Deace

Kule ndlela, amalungu oluntu ayamenywa ukuba ahlale kwiikomiti zokucwangcisa okanye kwiindawo zokusebenzela zobugcisa kunye neengcaphephe zobugcisa. Anceda ekubekeni izinto eziza kuqala, avavanye ukhetho, kwanakukhetha izalathisi. Umzekelo, kwisixeko saseMelbourne, eOstreliya, uJury ojongene nokufunwa kwamanzi wadityaniswa nabemi abangama-40 abakhethiweyo ukuze bafumane iimpelaveki ezine. Iingcebiso zabo, eziquka ukwandisa amanzi kunye nokuwagcina ngokulandelela, zamkelwa ligunya lamanzi.

Uphando kunye nezixhobo zokusasaza ngamanani

Ngokwanda kweminxeba yeselula kunye nokufikelela kwi-intanethi, uphando lweziteji ze-intanethi luye lwaziwa kancinci iindlela zokuqokelela igalelo kumanani amakhulu abantu. Amajelo amanzi angathumela uphando lwe-SMS kwizigidi zabathengi ababuza ngolwaneliseko, ukuzimisela ukuhlawula, okanye imilinganiselo ekhethwayo yokulondoloza ikhompyutha. Isixeko saseKapa Town sisebenzise i-appel ngexesha laso lonyaka 2017-2018 “ingxaki yemini yedamaldarity yokwabelana ukuze kwabelane ngogcino-data yexesha elililo kumgangatho wedamadama kunye nokuqokelela iingcebiso ezivela kubemi ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa. Izixhobo ezinjalo zingasetyenziswa ukuchaza ukuvuza okanye ukunxibelelana konxibelelwano olungekho mthethweni, ukuguqula wonke umntu kwi-moni.

Uhlolo olusekelwe kuluntu

Uqeqesho lwabemi ukuba baqokelele umgangatho wamanzi, umsinga olinganayo, okanye ukubonelwa kwezilwanyana zasendle okubhaliweyo kungavelisa ugcino-lwazi olubalulekileyo lwenzululwazi ngeli xesha benika abathathi-nxaxheba. EIndiya, iprojekthi ye- “Ganga” ixhomekeke kumatsha - ntliziyo asekuhlaleni ukuvavanya imigangatho yomlambo ye-faecal coliform kwizikhululo ezingaphezu kwe-1000. Ulwazi lubekwa kwibhodi kawonke-wonke, ivumela amagosa kunye nabemi ukuba balandelele ungcoliso lwendlela.

Inzululwazi Yabemi Nokuxinezeleka Kwabantu Abaninzi

Imisebenzi yenzululwazi yengingqi ibandakanya uluntu kuphando olungomzi wamanzi, njengemacrointe ehlola impilo ekhoyo okanye indlela yokuhamba kwemvula. Iintlangano ezifana ne-Eardwatch kunye neeyunivesithi zasekuhlaleni zilungelelanise imigudu enjalo eUnited Kingdom nase-United States. I-Bhoditysoursion plat efana no- “Waze forast” (umz. myTaP) ivumela abantu ukuba banike ingxelo yokuma kwamanzi anokubonisa ipayipi ephukileyo, inceda ukulungiswa kwezixhobo ezisebenzayo. Ezi ndlela azivelisi nkcazelo nje kuphela kodwa zivelisa abathathi-nxaxheba kwiinkqubo zamanzi.

Iingenelo Zokuba Nenxaxheba Kubemi

Ukuba nenxaxheba kommi okhutheleyo kukhokelela kwiingenelo eziliqela, kuquka ezi:

  • [[UMTL:0] Icacelwe ngokucace gca kunye nokuphendula kwiinkqubo, inciphisa amathuba okunganyaniseki nokungaphathwa kakuhle.
  • Amaqela abonisa ngcono iimfuno zoluntu nezinto eziza kuqala, ukunqanda zonke izisombululo ezingenakufaneleka kwimeko zasekuhlaleni.
  • [[UMTL:0] unikezelo oluthe vetshe nenkxaso ukwenzela imimiselo yamanzi, ekubeni abantu benobungozi bokuthobela imithetho abancedisayo ukuyidala.
  • ukhuthazo oluqinisiweyo lwengingqi kucelomngeni olunxulumene namanzi, njengoko abemi ababandakanyekileyo bekhawuleza ukusabela kwimbalela, izikhukula, okanye iziganeko ezingcolisekileyo.
  • I-IMFUNISELELWEYO yonikezelo lwenkonzo: Kwi-meta-lysing yeeprojekthi zamanzi ezili-100 kumazwe ali-15, ezo zinemigangatho ephezulu yokuthatha inxaxheba kuluntu zazinesantya sempumelelo esingu-70% xa kuthelekiswa ne-30% kwimisebenzi yecandelo eliphantsi (imvelaphi: Journal yezoqoqosho []).
  • Imfundo esisiseko kunye nokwakhiwa kwamandla : inxaxheba ifundisa abantu malunga nezixokelelwano zamanzi, ulawulo, kunye nengxoxo, idala ubumi obunolwazi olungakumbi obukwaziyo ukubandakanyeka kwezinye imicimbi.

Iingxaki Nezicombululo

Nangona kungenelwe, abami abatsha bajamelana nemiqobo ebalulekileyo. Ezi zinto ziquka ukungaqondi, ukungakwazi ukufikelela kwinkcazelo, ukungakhathali, ukungalingani kwamandla, kunye nokungamiselwa kwezibonelelo. Ukuphelisa le miqobo, oorhulumente nemibutho inokusebenzisa iindlela zokuhlasela.

Ukungabikho Kolwazi Nemfundo

Abemi abaninzi abaqondi ukuba inkqubo yamanzi isebenza njani okanye ingayiphembelela njani inkqubo. Izikolo, amaphulo eendaba, kunye neeverhe zoluntu zingakha ukufundwa kwamanzi asisiseko. Umzekelo, inkqubo ye- “Water preserr” kumazwe amaninzi ibandakanya abantwana besikolo kwimingeni yokunyusa amanzi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba abazali babandakanyeke kakhulu. Oorhulumente kufuneka bapapashe ushwankathelo olucacileyo lwamaphepha enkqubo kwaye basebenzise ulwazi olubonakalayo lokuchaza ii-offs ezintsonkothileyo.

Ukususwa kwamaqela abekelwe umda

Amabhinqa, abantu bomthonyama, abantu abahlwempuzekileyo, kunye nabanye abantu abaphantsi basoloko beshiywa ngaphandle kweenkqubo ezisemthethweni zokuganana. Amaxesha entlanganiso kunye neendawo zisenokuba nzima, iindleko zokuthabatha inxaxheba (itransport, ukunyamekela abantwana) zisenokuba zithintela, kwaye imiqobo yolwimi isenokubakho. Izicombululo ziquka: ukuba neentlanganiso ngeeyure ezahlukeneyo nakwiingingqi ezifikelelekayo; ukulungiselela uguqulelo kunye nokunyamekela abantwana; ukusebenzisa abasebenzi abaphumezayo ukuya kwindlu-ya kwindlu; kunye nokwamkela iiyunithi okanye izihlalo ezigciniweyo kwikomiti elungelelaniswe ngamanzi. Amalungelo abantu abakhoyo e-And athelela ukuba amabhinqa kwikomiti ephethe amanzi eNepalks] akhokelela kulwando lwandisa inani lama-30% kwinani lokufikelela kwizindlu zamanzi.

Ukungakhathali Nokungathabathi Nto

Xa abantu bevakalelwa kukuba igalelo labo aliyi kuba luncedo, abanakuthatha inxaxheba. Ulwakhiwo lufuna ukuba oorhulumente babonise irekhodi ebhaliweyo yokuphulaphula nokusebenza ngempendulo. Imisebenzi yesikhokelo eneziphumo ezibonakalayo . "njengendawo yomgqomo kawonke-wonke okhethiweyo"inokubangela uvuselelo. Ngaphezu koko, ukwenza inxaxheba lula kwaye imnandi kwimithendeleko, ukhuphiswano, okanye iinkqubo ezikhutshwayo zincede. ESingapore, iphulo “Yenze Yonke Imali” lisebenzise umdlalo ohambayo onika umvuzo abadlali abafumana iimpompozo kunye namanzi, nto leyo ekhokelela kumawaka emali yobhaliso.

Izithintelo zikavimba

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kokwenene kuthabatha ixesha, imali, kunye nobuchule bokwenza uphando. Oorhulumente bangaswela uqingqo-mali lokucwangcisa ucwangciso olubanzi, ingakumbi kwizicwangciso ezifumana imali ephantsi. Iinqanawa ezisebenzisana neeNGO, iiyunivesithi, kunye nabanikeli behlabathi lonke banokunikela uncedo lobugcisa kunye nenkxaso. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bayakwazi ukuqala ngokuncinane / umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa uphando lwezentlalo-ntle okanye uphando olulula lwephepha //_katha umlinganiselo ophezulu xa ukhula umthamo. Izixhobo zamanani zinciphisa ngokuphawulekayo iindleko: iqonga lokunxibelelana nge-webhusayithi ye-ewebhusayithi enye yeholo yedolophu.

Amandla Alinganayo Nomthi Wobugorha

Abemi abanobutyebi okanye abafundileyo bangalawula iziphumo zikawonke-wonke, iziphumo ezizizii-skeing kwinkoliseko yabo. Ukuphikisa oku, abaququzeleli bangasebenzisa ubuchule obufana “nophando oluqhelekileyo” apho abathathi-nxaxheba bekhethwa kwaye befumana izinto ezimfutshane ezilungeleleneyo ngaphambi kokuvota. Enye indlela kukunika amaqela abasebenzisi abahlukeneyo (umz., abalimi, amashishini, amakhaya) ahlula amathetafile aze azise izinto zawo eziphambili kunye ukwenzela ukunxibelelana. EBrazil, iikomiti zokuhlamba amanzi zibunjwe ngomlinganiselo olinganayo karhulumente, abasebenzisi, kunye noluntu, ekungaqiniseki ukuba amaqela ahlukeneyo.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Ukuqhelisela Ummi

Iikomiti Zamanzi ZaseBrazil

UMthetho weSizwe wamanzi eBrazil wonyaka wama-1997 wadala iikomiti zokuhlahlela amanzi adityanisiweyo kumgangatho karhulumente norhulumente. Ezi komiti ziqokelela amaqumrhu karhulumente, abasebenzisi bamanzi (abasebenzi basemotweni, oomatshini bokuhambisa amanzi), kunye nemibutho yoluntu ukudibanisa iiplani zokuthatyathwa kwamanzi, iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwemali, kunye nokubonelela ngemiqathango yenkcitho. Nangona kukho iingxaki eziqhubekayo ezibangelwa ziintlekele zemigodi, le komiti inconyelwe ngokuphucula intsebenziswano phakathi komsinga nomsinga ophantsi komsinga osetyenziswayo kunye nenkxaso yemali exhasa ukubuyiselwa kobume bemekobume bendalo. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba iikomiti ezinenxaxheba ekuthatheni imigangatho ephezulu yokusetyenziswa komjelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemibutho yamazwe ahlukeneyo kunciphisa izivumelwano kwiimali.

Imicimbi yolawulo loMzantsi Afrika

IPost-partheid uMzantsi Afrika yaguqula amanzi ayo alawula ngakumbi. UMthetho wesiZwe wamanzi wonyaka ka-1998 osungulweyo woLawulo lwe-CMAS oquka abameli abasuka kumaqela ahlukeneyo abagcini-mathiriyeli, kuquka abantu abangenamali ngokwembali. Umzekelo, ubandakanya iinkomati, abalimi bezentengiso, kunye ne-NGOS ekuphuhliseni iplani elungelelanisa indalo nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Ngoxa inkqubela-Phondo ibambene nenkcitho yemali kunye nokungenelela kwezobupolitika.

Imigaqo Esetyenziswa Ngamanzi EEuropean Union

I-Water Framewd Directive (2000) ye-EU igunyazisa ukuba ilungu lichaze “ukukhuthaza ukubandakanyeka okusebenzayo kwamaqela anomdla” ekucwangcisweni komgangatho womlambo. Amazwe aye asebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo: eFransi, kubekwe oomatshini bokusebenzela uwonke wonke ukuhlaziya amalungiselelo okulawula amanzi; eNetherlands, abemi bangenelela phakathi“ kweebhodi zamanzi” ezinamagosa abo anyuliweyo. Uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba amazwe anenxaxheba engakumbi, njenge-Sweden ne-Jamani, anelityelelo eliphambili lokubuyisela umgangatho womlambo kunye nokwamkelwa koluntu lweenguqu-projekthi zamanzi.

Ukulinganisa Impembelelo Yokubandakanyeka Kubemi

Ukuthethelela ukuqokelelwa kotyalo-mali kumanyano lwabemi, kubalulekile ukulinganisa iziphumo zalo. Izalathiso zingaquka: inani labathathi-nxaxheba (neenguqu zabo zokwahluka-hlukana), utshintsho kwinkqubo (umz., ukufakwa kweziqalelo zoluntu), ukunciphisa izikhalazo okanye ungquzulwano, kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho wamanzi okanye umgangatho wenkonzo. Ukujongwa kweliso kungalandela iziphumo ngexesha. Uhlolo olucwangcisiweyo [umgangatho we-[FLT: 0] iNxulumaniso lwamanzi lufumanise ukuba izixhobo ezikwinkqubo zombutho osebenzayo zamanzi okanye iindleko-enqanawa ezidityanisweyo kunye nonyuko oluphezulu. Uhlolisiso olude lwexesha elide eBanglade lubonisa ukuba iinkqubo zococelo-oks (ezixhomekeke ekungeneni kwemigranti) zisebenza kakhulu kumgangatho ophezulu kuneeprojective.

Izixhobo zamanani Nekamva Lobudlelane

Ubugcisa butshintsha indlela abemi ababandakanyeka ngayo kwimijelo yamanzi. Iinkqubo ze-injini, i-GIS, imaphu ye-media yentlalo-ntle, kunye namaqonga e-intanethi avumela ukuba abantu bangenelele inxaxheba enkulu neqhubekeka. Umzekelo, i- “CowrowdWater” ivumela nabani na athathe imifanekiso kwaye alinganise amanqanaba amanzi emilanjeni, adala idata enesiphumo sesihlwele esetyenziswa ngamanzi. ELos Angeles, iqonga-" yenza abemi banike ingxelo engekho mthethweni yokulahla nokucoca ingoma ngexesha lokwenene. Njengoko ubuchule be-iproject buqhubeka, incoko ikwazi ukuphendula imibuzo yabemi ngeemfuno zamanzi okanye iizicelo, izibonelelo ezikhululekileyo ukuze bajolise ekudibaniseni okunzulu. Noko ke, izixhobo zoluvo-matshini kufuneka zifake iingozi ezingekho mgangxunya okanye zisebenzisa amanani elayinini.

Iindibano Zenene Zamanzi

Ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19, oorhulumente abaninzi basusa ii-arhente zabo zikawonke-wonke kwi-intanethi. Abanye, njenge- “Water Fumeter Remotes" eKhanada, basebenzisa umxube wevidiyo, uphando lwe-intanethi, kunye nemaphu esebenzisanayo ukudibanisa amawaka abantu ekuveliseni icebo lamanzi elineminyaka engama-50. Iindibano zenyani zinokuba nexabiso elininzi kwaye zifikeleleke ngakumbi kubantu abaneziphene okanye abanoxanduva. Kodwa, kufuneka bacebe ngenyameko ukuze baphephe “ukudinwa. ”

Isiphelo

Ukuganana kwengingqi kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yotshintsho olusebenzayo lwenkqubo yamanzi. Ngokubandakanya ngokukhutheleyo, abenzi benkqubo banokuvelisa inkxaso exhasekileyo, elinganayo, kunye neendlela zokulawula amanzi. Ukukhuthaza ukungenelela akuphuculi nje kuphela iziphumo zenkqubo kodwa kunika abemi amandla okuba ngabaphathi bezibonelelo zabo zamanzi. Ubungqina bucacile: xa abantu behleli etafileni, imigaqo ephumelayo inokuba nokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba iphumelele, inyamezele, ixhase inkxaso ebanzi. Kodwa igalelo limele lenziwe ngabomkhwa, ukusingatha imiqobo, ukungakhathaleli, kunye nokungalungelelani. Ulawulo, ulawulo, kunye nemibutho yoluntu kufuneka ifake kuzo zombini iindlela zobugcisa, ukwandisa amandla, ukwakha amandla ekwazi ukumelana nokusabela, kunye nokwenza iinjongo ezibonisa ulawulo lwamanzi. Ikamva lokulawula amanzi limele libe lineembopheleleko, kungekho naziphathiswa ziimeko, kodwa imicimbi yezongaphiconezentelelo, kodwa imimandla yezo ezikhoyo, kodwa inkcuthobo, inkquluko, i-ogcineze yamanzi, i