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Ukuqonda Indima Yerhuluneli Kukhuseleko Loluntu Nempilo

Ibamba lisebenza njengezilawuli eziyintloko kumaphondo abo, lisebenzisa igunya elibalulekileyo kunye nembopheleleko xa kuziwa ekukhuseleni impilo nokhuseleko lwezigidi zabemi. Iirhuluneli zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zempilo zikawonke-wonke kuzo zonke iindawo. Ukuma kwazo kumlawuli karhulumente kuzenza zikwazi ukunxibelelanisa iimpendulo ezintsonkothileyo kwiimeko zongxamiseko, inkqubo yempilo kawonke-wonke, ukwaba izinto ezicetyiswayo, kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba abantu bafikelele kwiinkonzo abafuna ukuzifikelela.

Njengabaphathi belizwe, iiRhuluneli zijongene nokusetyenziswa kwemithetho karhulumente nokungamela umsebenzi wesebe elilawulayo. Lo myalelo ubanzi uquka yonke into ukusuka ekulawuleni amasebe ezempilo karhulumente ukuya kuquququzelela amagosa asekuhlaleni ngexesha lamanqam. Njengeenkokeli zikarhulumente, iRhuluneli ziqhubele phambili zilandele iinkqubo ezintsha nezihlaziyiweyo zisebenzisa iingcebiso zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, phakathi kwazo, imiyalelo yolawulo oluphezulu, kunye nezicelo zomthetho kunye nezindululo. Ngale nkqubo, iijajinga-jaji zinokuphembelela ngokuthe ngqo impilo kunye nokhuseleko lwamazwe azo, zisenza izigqibo ezichaphazela yonke into ekuthinteleni izifo ukuya ekulungiseni imeko yongxamiseko.

Umlinganiselo wamandla e-gubernonator wahluka kakhulu ukusuka kurhulumente ukuya kurhulumente, owenziwe ngamalungiselelo omgaqo-siseko, imigaqo yowiso-mthetho, kunye nemizekelo engokwembali. Noko ke, kuwo onke amazwe, iijaji zigcina iimbopheleleko ezingundoqo ezinxulumene nempilo yoluntu nokhuseleko ezizenza zibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlaleni. Ukuqonda indlela abalawuli abaphumeza ngayo le misebenzi kunika ukuqonda ngomatshini wesigqeba esintsonkothileyo nohlobo apho ukhokelo kumgangatho ophezulu luguqulela kwiingenelo olubonakalayo kubemi bemihla ngemihla.

Igunya leRhuluneli phezu kweMithetho yempilo yoLuntu

Amasebe ezonyango karhulumente asisiseko senkqubo yoluntu jikelele eUnited States, kwaye abalawuli benza indima ebalulekileyo kwintlangano yabo nasekusebenzeni. Amasebe ezonyango karhulumente alungelelaniswe ngomnye wemizekelo emibini: njengombutho ozimeleyo ojongene ngqo nerhuluneli okanye iBhunga lempilo okanye njengelungu lelungu lendlela yobuchule obubalaseleyo. Eli qumrhu libeka abalawuli kwindawo yokuvelela ngqo nempembelelo kumasebe asebenza ngokukhusela impilo kawonke-wonke.

Ukumisela Amagosa ezempilo Angundoqo

Enye yezona ndlela zibalulekileyo zokubumba impilo karhulumente ngamagunya abo okumisela. Iijaji zihlala zibandakanyekile ekukhetheni omabini amalungu ebhodi ne-SHOs, zinciphisa inani lemigangatho yolawulo phakathi kwe-SHOs kunye nabenzi beesigqibo ezingundoqo. I-S State Health Agnity (SHO) isebenza njengomalathisi wombutho wezonyango wesizwe kwaye ijongene nemisebenzi yezonyango yosuku nophuhliso lwenkqubo. Ukuqhuba ummiselo wolawulo (87.2%) nokugcina amagosa anyuliweyo efundiswa ngemicimbi yempilo karhulumente (97.9%) yeminye imisebenzi engundoqo eyenziwa yi-SHOs.

Ngokukhetha abantu abafanelekayo ukukhokela amasebe empilo karhulumente, abalawuli bangaqinisekisa ukuba izinto eziza kuqala kwimpilo kawonke-wonke zihambelana neenjongo ezibanzi zikarhulumente. La malungiselelo aneziphumo ezinde, njengoko amagosa ezempilo enza izigqibo ezibukhali malunga nokuhlola izifo, iinkqubo zemfundo yempilo, ukhuseleko lwempilo, kunye nolwabiko lobuncwane obulinganiselweyo. Ulwalamano phakathi kwerhuluneli negosa lezempilo limele lithintele ngendlela ephawulekayo indlela elisabela ngayo ngokunempumelelo ngayo iphondo kubunzima bempilo neengxaki ezingaqhelekanga zoluntu.

Ulawulo loqingqo-mali kunye nokuHlaliswa kwezibonelelo

Irhuluneli zinempembelelo enkulu kwimpilo kawonke-wonke ngolawulo lwazo loqingqo-mali lukarhulumente. Imithetho iyaluvumela uqingqo-mali lwezonyango lukarhulumente, idlulisele imithetho yezonyango loluntu kunye nemimiselo, imisele irhafu yeenkonzo zempilo, imisele irhafu ekuxhaseni impilo kawonke-wonke. Noko ke, iirhuluneli zicebisa uqingqo-mali lokuqala kwaye zinokusebenzisa amandla azo ukubumba uqingqo-mali lokugqibela. Eli gunya loqingqo-mali livumela abalawuli ukuba baphucule inyathelo elithile lempilo, ukwandisa okanye ukubophelela iinkqubo zemali, kunye nokuxhasa ngokuthe ngqo iindleko-mali kwimingcinga esemangeni.

Ulawulo lwezibonelelo lungumsebenzi osisiseko wolawulo kumasebe ezempilo karhulumente. Abaphathi bezibonelelo: Ukuqinisekisa ukufumaneka koovimba abafanelekileyo (ngokwasemthethweni, ngokwemali, ngokwezemali, ngobugcisa, nangezinto zobugcisa) ukuze benze iinkonzo zoluntu eziyimfuneko. IiRhuluneli kufuneka zilungelelanise iimfuno ezikhuphisanayo zoovimba bezonyango abalinganiselweyo ngexesha ziqinisekisa ukuba izibonelelo zoluntu zihlala zinamandla ngokwaneleyo ukukhusela abantu. Oku kusoloko kubandakanya izigqibo ezinzima malunga nezixhobo zonyango ezifanelekileyo, inkqubela-mali, kunye nophuhliso lwemisebenzi.

Abalawuli bezolawulo zemali benza amaza achaphazela inkqubo yonyango loluntu lonke, achaphazela izibhedlele, amakliniki, iinkqubo zokugoma, iinkqubo zokuhlola izifo, kunye nokulungiselela ungxamiseko. Imali eyaneleyo yenza amasebe ezempilo akwazi ukugcina iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo, aphendule xa kuqhambuka, aqhube uphando, kwaye asebenzise ungenelelo olusekelwe kubungqina oluphucula iziphumo zempilo yabemi.

Ukulawulwa kwentlekele nokusabela

Mhlawumbi akukho mbopheleleko yokulungisa isantya sobomi okanye ukufa ithwala iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo kunezolawulo lukaxakeka. Njengoko abalawuli abaphezulu, abalawuli abaphetheyo benoxanduva lokuqinisekisa imeko yabo balungiselele kakuhle iingozi neentlekele zazo zonke iintlobo nobungakanani. Lo mthwalo uquka ulungiselelo, impendulo, ukuchacha, kunye nokuzinzisa kumacala amaninzi asenokuba zizisongelo.

Ukuvakalisa Amazwe Exesha Lentlekele

Nangona amaqhinga omthetho ahlukene, onke amazwe anika uRhulumente igunya lokuchaza uhlobo olunye okanye ezingaphezulu zongxamiseko, kuquka intlekele okanye ungxamiseko longxamiseko lwempilo kawonke-wonke. Ezi zibhengezo zisebenza ngaphezulu kunezimbo zomfuziselo .

Isibhengezo songxamiseko serhuluneli sidla ngokuba sinyathelo lokuqala kwimpendulo yentlekele njengoko sisenza ukuba umsebenzi wongxamiseko wemeko usebenze kunye noluhlu lwemilinganiselo yokukhusela uluntu. Xa irhuluneli ikhupha isibhengezo songxamiseko, ibangela ubuchule obuninzi ngexesha elinye: amasebe karhulumente atshintshela kwinkqubo yomsebenzi wongxamiseko, izivumelwano zoncedo kunye namanye amazwe ziyafumaneka, imiqobo yomthetho izakulungiswa okwexeshana, kwaye urhulumente ufanelekela uncedo lukarhulumente.

Ngexesha likaxakeka, irhuluneli inamandla angaqhelekanga, kuquka negunya lokumisa imithetho kaRhulumente, ibandakanyeka kuMgaqo-mkhosi weSizwe, ithabathe impahla yobuqu, ithuthelwe ngqo, inike imvume yeemali zongxamiseko. La mandla abanzi, ngoxa ephantsi kwemiqathango engokwasemthethweni neyobuveleli, enza ukuba iirhuluneli zikwazi ukuthabatha inyathelo ngokukhawuleza xa iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zikarhulumente zingenakucotha ukukhusela ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke.

Imigudu yokusabela eninzi ekhuthazayo

Ukusabela ngemfezeko yexesha likaxakeka kufuna umanyano olungenamthungo phakathi kwengingqi nesebe lasekuhlaleni, ngalinye elinobuchule obukhethekileyo kunye neembopheleleko. Ngexesha likaxakeka, iRhuluneli ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunxibelelaneni noluntu ngexesha likaxakeka, inika icebiso nemiyalelo kunye nokugcina ucwangco oluzolileyo kunye noluntu. IGavera-jini isebenza njengegunya elisembindini lokulawula, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukugcinwa komthetho, ukusetyenziswa komlilo, iinkonzo zonyango zongxamiseko, amasebe ezonyango, amasebe ezothutho, kunye nezinye izinto zisebenza ngokunempumelelo.

Amandla ongxamiseko ongxamiseko, adla ngokusetyenziswa ngokuphunyezwa kwesibhengezo sikarhulumente songxamiseko okanye sentlekele, anika iindlela zokwandisa amandla, umanyano, kunye nentsebenziswano kumazwe nakumasebe asekuhlaleni. Olu manyano ludlulela ngaphaya kwemida karhulumente kunye. Xa iintlekele zidlula kumandla karhulumente, abalawuli bangacela uncedo kumazwe akufuphi ngoncedo oluvela kumaqela asekuhlaleni okanye ngokucela urhulumente wesizwe ukuba azise izindululo zentlekele ezivula oovimba kunye nenkxaso.

Xa amaqela eNational Guard angekho phantsi kolawulo lwesizwe, amaGatya angamaGatya alawulayo kunye neentloko zemikhosi karhulumente enoxanduva lokukhusela ukhuseleko lwabemi bamazwe. Ugada wesizwe umela icebo elikhethekileyo abanokuqeshwa ngabalawuli ukwenzela impendulo yongxamiseko, ukubonelela abasebenzi, izixhobo, kunye nenkxaso yobuchule ngexesha lentlekele yemvelo, ukuphazamisa abantu, okanye ungxamiseko lwempilo yoluntu. Eli gunya lomkhosi, lidityaniswe noovimba bolawulo lwemeko-xakeka, linika abalawuli izixhobo ezinamandla zokukhusela uluntu ngexesha likaxakeka.

Ukulungiselela Iingozi Eziyingozi

Kanti amaRhuluneli kufuneka alungiselele iziganeko zosuku lwemini-----torna, izikhukula, izikhukula, umbane, imililo yoshishino, kunye nezinto eziyingozi zokuchitheka kwezixhobo eziyingozi (ngokunjalo zentlekele kwisikali se-COVID-19 sesifo esimandundu, inkanyamba uKatrina, okanye uhlaselo lwangoSeptemba 11 lwabanqolobi. Oku kubonisa ububanzi bobungozi obulungiselelwe iimbopheleleko zexesha likaxakeka abalawuli. Kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iimeko zabo zigcine amandla okuzigcina kwizinto eziqhelekileyo ngexesha eliqhelekileyo xa zilungiselela ukuphembeleka, iziganeko eziphezulu ezinokuphelisa iimpendulo eziqhelekileyo.

Ukulungiselela kwemeko yengozi kubandakanya ukulungiselela okuqhubekayo, uqeqesho, kunye nophuhliso loovimba. Ijaji ijonge ukuphuhliswa kwamalungiselelo ongxamiseko, iqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bongxamiseko bafumana uqeqesho olufanelekileyo, bagcine iingqokelela zezinto eziluncedo ezichanabileyo, kunye nemithambo yesikhokelo ukuvavanya amandla okuphendula. Le misebenzi yokulungiselela, nangona ingabonakali kakhulu kunemisebenzi yokusabela ngexesha likaxakeka, ingqinelana nenkxwaleko xa kufikelelwa iintlekele.

Irhuluneli zidlala indima engundoqo ekulungiseleleni ngexesha likaxakeka kwaye zinokubanceda bafumane iimpendulo ezikhawulezileyo kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo. Noko ke, imithetho esebenza ngempumelelo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo ingadala imiqobo ngexesha longxamiseko, ilibazise ukusabela ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukuqonda olu celomngeni, amazwe amaninzi anika iijaji igunya lokulungisa imimiselo kunye nemimiselo ngexesha elivakalisiweyo, nto leyo enokwenza ukuba ulawulo lweengxaki luthambeke ngakumbi kwaye lusabele.

Uphuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo wempilo kaRhulumente kunye nokusetyenziswa

Ngexesha longxamiseko, abalawuli babumba impilo kawonke-wonke ngokuphuhlisa kwabo inkqubo eqhubekayo kunye nokuzalisekisa imisebenzi yabo. Ukuzalisekisa le ndima yobomi boluntu, amasebe ezempilo karhulumente aneembopheleleko ezininzi, kuquka le misebenzi mithandathu ilandelayo yolawulo: Ukukhokela nokufak ’ isandla ekuphuhlisweni kwemigaqo ekhuselayo, ukukhuthaza nokuphucula impilo kawonke-wonke ngeli xesha beqinisekisa ukuba umbutho kunye namalungu awo ahlala ehambelana nemithetho nemithetho (urhulumente, kunye norhulumente) elawulwa yiyo.

Ukusebenzisa Imiyalelo Elawula Impilo Kawonkewonke

Imiyalelo yegunya elilawulayo imela isixhobo esinamandla esinokusetyenziswa ngabalawuli ukuhambisela phambili iinjongo zempilo kawonke-wonke ngaphandle kokulinda ukuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-siseko. Kwimeko yempilo kawonke-wonke, iGEO isebenzisa ukuhlangabezana neengozi zempilo kawonke-wonke, ukuseka iinkqubo ezintsha nezinto ezikhoyo, ukukhokela okanye ukulungiselela kwakhona, ukwandisa imicimbi yembambano, kunye nokulawula imisebenzi yesizwe. Le miyalelo ivumela abalawuli ukuba baphendule ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela izisongelo zempilo, ukuqulungela kwakhona amaziko okuphucula impumelelo, okanye ukusungula amanyathelo amatsha athetha ngemibandela yempilo enyanzelo.

Irhuluneli zisebenzisa imiyalelo yegunya elilawulayo .imeko ezithile eziphantsi kohlolo lwemithetho kwamanye amazwe, ukuze kubekho iinjongo ezahlukahlukeneyo, phakathi kwazo: zixhokonxa amandla ongxamiseko kunye nezenzo ezinxulumene nezokusabela ngexesha longxamiseko lwemozulu, iziganeko zemozulu, iingozi zempilo yoluntu, iimeko zengozi, iziganeko zokufakelwa kwabantu, nezinye iimeko ezifuna ingqalelo ekhawulezileyo; zidala iikomiti, uphando, okanye ufundisiso, okanye iikhomishini; zenza okanye zilungelelanise amasebe karhulumente, iibhodi, kunye neeotitshala; zithetha ngolawulo lwesebe elilawulayo kunye neemibandela engokongamela, iziphumo, ukurhoxabana, ukunyuka, ukucaluphala, kunye nokusebenza kolawulo; kunye ne-DN.

Ukubhetyebhetye kwemiyalelo yabalawuli abalawulayo kubenza baxabiseke ngokukhethekileyo ekusingatheni iingxaki zempilo karhulumente ezifuna ukukhawuleziswa okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemibutho elungelelanisayo. Irhuluneli iye yasebenzisa imiyalelo yegunya ukudlulisela iinkqubo zonyango loluntu phakathi kwabameli, ukuseka imikhosi yomsebenzi ukusingatha iingozi ezithile zempilo, ukuzalisekisa amanyathelo okuthintela izifo, kunye nokulungisa imigaqo efunekayo ukuze kunyanzeliswe ukuhanjiswa kwempilo ngexesha longxamiseko.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yoMthetho

Ngeli xesha imiyalelo yabalawuli abalawulayo inika amandla okusebenza ngokukhawuleza, inkqubela-phambili ehlala ihleli yoluntu ifuna utshintsho lomthetho. IGaverhe idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho ngokufaka amatyala, ngokukhuthaza ukudluliswa kwawo, nokusebenzisa amandla abo okumisela umthetho wokugqibela. Kumalunga ne-85% yamazwe, i-SHO yagunyaziswa ukumisela uqingqo-mali nomthetho osezantsi kurhumo-mthetho, kanti ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha (42.6%) sorhulumente SHOS ojonge amasebe onyango asekuhlaleni. Olu nxulumano oluphakathi phakathi kwamabamba kunye namagosa ezempilo esizwe agunyazisa iingcebiso ezisekelwe kubungqina ezifuna uluntu ukuba lufumane iimfuno zempilo.

Iinkokeli zezopolitiko neqonga likawonke-wonke zingasebenzisa ikomkhulu lazo lezopolitiko kunye nezoburhulumente ukuze zixhase umthetho wezonyango, zifundise uluntu ngemibandela yempilo, zize zithethe nabalawuli ukuqinisekisa ukuba amatyala aphambili akwindawo ephambili.

Ibala lemidlalo lowiso-mthetho linika amathuba okucombulula imibandela emininzi yempilo nokhuseleko lwezitrato, imigaqo yokhuseleko lwemekobume kunye neenkqubo zokukhuselwa kwempilo kunye nee-asmetrogen zokukhusela izifo.

Iinkqubo Zokukhusela Izifo Nezokukhuthaza Impilo

Abalawuli bajonge yaye baxhase iinkqubo eziliqela zokukhusela izifo nokukhuthaza isimilo kwiimeko ezisempilweni kwiindawo ezisemagunyeni abo.

Iphulo lokugonya nokuzinzisa

Iinkqubo zokugoma zimela enye yeendleko zongenelelo lwempilo kawonke-wonke ezixabisa imali, kwaye abalawuli benza indima ephambili ekuqinisekiseni impumelelo yabo. Amasebe ezempilo karhulumente, asebenza phantsi kolawulo lolawulo loburhulumente, alawula iinkqubo zokugoma ezikhusela abantwana nabantu abadala kwizifo ezinokuthintelwa. Ezi nkqubo zibandakanya ukuxhobisa imithi yokugonya, ukuyisa kubantu abanyamekela, ukugcina ingqibelelo ebandayo, ukugcina imilinganiselo yokugoma, kunye nokufundisa uwonke wonke ngeenzuzo ze-gamfa.

IRhuluneli ezinika imali yokubonelela ngemali yamaphulo okugonya, zimisela inkqubo yokugoma, kwaye zinokusebenzisa iqonga lazo lokuxhobisa ukugoma. Ngexesha lokuqhama kwezifo okanye xa kufumaneka amachiza amatsha okugonya, iirhuluneli ziyakwazi ukuqokelela izinto ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza nokukhutshwa kwemali ephezulu. Isifo seCOVID-19 sabonisa ukubaluleka kokhokelo logosa-gonyo ekunikezeleni, kunye neerula ezenza izigqibo eziphambili malunga nokwenziwa kwamajoni, ukuhanjiswa kwamajelo, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwemiyalezo kawonke wonke.

Amanyathelo Okuthintela Izifo Angamahlalakhona

Izifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile, kunye nomhlaza zingunobangela ophambili wokufa nokukhubazeka eUnited States. Ijaji iyazi ukuba ukuphucula impilo yabemi akuyonto ibalulekileyo kuphela ekuqinisekiseni ubomi babo obunemveliso, kodwa kwakhona nasekulawuleni iindleko zempilo nokulungelelanisa uqingqo-mali; umphumo, amaphondo akhokelela kwizenzo ezininzi zokuguqula impilo. Oku kubangele ukuba iijaji ezininzi zifakelele kwiinkqubo zokukhusela izifo ezingapheliyo ezithetha ngeengozi ezinjengokusetyenziswa kwecuba, ukungondleki kakuhle, ukungakwazi ukusebenza emzimbeni nokusela kakhulu.

Amanyathelo okuthintela izifo ezingapheliyo zikarhulumente aquka iinkqubo zokuthintela ukutshaya icuba, ukutyiwa nokukhuthazwa komzimba, iinkqubo zokuthintela isifo seswekile, amaphulo okuhlola umhlaza, kunye nemigudu yokuthintela izifo zentliziyo. Irhuluneli ziphembele ezi nkqubo ngokuqokelela uqingqo-mali, amanyathelo enkqubo, kunye namaphulo okuphapha - ndlebe kawonke-wonke akhuthaza ukuziphatha okunempilo.

Iingenelo zezoqoqosho zokuthintela izifo ezingapheliyo zibangela ukuba ezi nkqubo zibangele ukuba abalawuli bafake ingeniso entle ngokuphathelele impilo yabemi kunye noqingqo-mali lukarhulumente. Ukukhusela izifo ezinganyangekiyo kunciphisa iindleko zonyango, kuphucula imveliso yokusebenza, kuphucula nomgangatho wobomi kubantu abahlala apho. IGatya-mbuso ebeka iliso lokuthintela ukubizelwa kwemali ingafumana imbuyekezo ebalulekileyo ngoxa iphucula impilo yabasebenzi bazo.

Uthintelo Lwezifo Ezinokufumaneka

Imimandla yempilo kawonke-wonke iquka (1) ukuqinisekisa izibonelelo zonyango ezifanelekileyo zasekuhlaleni, (2) ukukhuthaza uluntu olusempilweni kunye nesimilo esisempilweni, (3) ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwezifo ezisulelayo, (4) ukukhusela iingozi zempilo, (5) ukulungiselela nokusabela kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo, kunye (6) neenkonzo zezempilo eziqinisekisayo. Ukukhusela ukusasazeka kwezifo ezisulelayo kufuna iinkqubo ezinamandla zokuhlola, ukuqhambuka ngokukhawuleza, kunye namanyathelo okulawula asebenzayo.

IRhuluneli zixhasa ukulawulwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ngokuxhasa iinkqubo zokuhlola izifo, amandla elaboratori, uphando ngezifo, kunye namaqela okuhlasela okuqhambuka kwazo. Xa kuqhambuka izifo, iirhuluneli ziyakwazi ukuvakalisa izinto ezingxamisekileyo zempilo yoluntu ezibangela ukuba ukusabela okungakumbi, kuquka igunya lokwahlukanisa, iimfuno ezinyanzelekileyo, kunye nokuthunyelwa kweencwadi.

Izibonelelo zokuthintela izifo ezidluliselwayo zifeza iinjongo ezimbini: ukulawula izisongelo zezifo eziqhelekileyo ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nezigulo ezibangelwa kukutya ngoxa zikwamisela isiseko sokuchachanamisa izifo ezasulelayo kunye neziganeko zobunqolobi ezinokwenzeka. IGawula eligcina iinkqubo ezinamandla zokuthintela izifo ezisulelayo zikhusela abantu kwimibutho yazo kwizisongelo zemihla ngemihla nakwiengxaki ezingaqhelekanga.

Imithetho yempilo neyokhuseleko

Iingozi zemekobume ziyingozi kakhulu kwimpilo yoluntu, kwaye abalawuli banetyala lokukhusela abemi kwiingozi. Amasebe ezempilo karhulumente alishumi elinesine akwangowona aphambili kwisebe lokusingqongileyo kwilizwe lawo; alishumi elinesihlanu ngamaziko empilo engqondo; kwaye alishumi elinanye asisibonelelo sesizwe seMedicaid. Kwanakumazwe apho ukhuseleko lwemeko-bume lusityalwa phantsi kwamaqumrhu ahlukeneyo, abalawuli balungelelanisa imisebenzi yempilo engokwentlalo-ntle yaye baqinisekisa ukuba ukukhathalelwa kwempilo kawonke-wonke kwazisa inkqubo yemekobume.

Ukhuseleko lomoya namanzi

Umoya ococekileyo namanzi acocekileyo okusela amela iimfuno ezisisiseko zempilo kawonke-wonke. IiRhuluneli zijonge amaqumrhu karhulumente ajonge ukukhutshwa komoya, ukulawulwa komsi, ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwamanzi okuselwa, nokukhusela imithombo yamanzi ekungcolisweni. La masebe avelisa kwaye anyanzelisa imithetho ethintela ungcoliso, ajongene neziganeko ezingcolisayo, kwaye asebenzela ukukhusela iingozi zempilo yemekobume.

Xa iimeko zemeko-bume zisehlo .Njengokuba kusekwe ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, umgangatho womoya wongxamiseko, okanye imichiza enetyhefu ekhutshwayo kufuneka ilungelelanise iimpendulo ezikhawulezileyo ezikhusela impilo kawonke-wonke. Oku kungabandakanya ukukhupha izitofu zempilo, ukubonelela ezinye iimpahla zamanzi, ukukhutshwa kwabemi abachaphazelekayo, okanye ukuzalisekisa imimiselo yexesha likaxakeka ukucombulula isisongelo.

Kwakhona iirhuluneli zichaphazela impilo entle yexesha elide ngokuxhasa kwazo iinkqubo ezinciphisa ungcoliso, zikhuthaza amandla acocekileyo, zikhusela ubuncwane bendalo, kunye nokulungisa iziphumo zemozulu kwimpilo. Ezi nkqubo zinokuba neziphumo ezinzulu kwimpilo yokuphefumla, izifo ezibangelwa kukufunxa, izifo ezinxulumene nobushushu, nezinye iziphumo zempilo ezinxulumene nemekobume.

Iinkqubo zokhuseleko lokutya nokuhlola

Ukutya okuzizifo kuchaphazela izigidi zabantu baseMerika nyaka ngamnye, kukwenza ukhuseleko lokutya lube yinto ebalulekileyo kwimpilo kawonke-wonke. Amasebe ezonyango karhulumente, asebenza phantsi kolawulo lokhuseleko lokutya, ahlola ukuqhambuka kwezifo ezibangelwa kukutya, aqinisekise ukuba ukukhuselwa kokutya kuyimfuneko, anyanzelise imigaqo yokukhusela ukutya. Ezi nkqubo zikhusela abathengi ngokuqinisekisa ukuba iivenkile, iindawo zokutya, kunye nezibonelelo zokutya zigcina iimeko zococeko nokulandela iindlela zokuphatha ukutya ezikhuselekileyo.

Irhuluneli ixhasa iinkqubo zokukhusela ukutya ngokuxhasa imali eyaneleyo, ngokunika abasebenzi abafanelekayo, nangemimiselo evumela ukuvelela okuphumelelayo. Xa kuqhambuka izifo ezibangelwa kukutya, abalawuli bayakwazi ukuqokelela ubuncwane bokuphengulula nokulawula, balungelelane namaqumrhu asekuhlaleni, baze banxibelelane noluntu ngeenyathelo zokukhusela.

Impilo nokhuseleko

Iingozi zasemsebenzini zimela omnye ummandla obalulekileyo wenkxalabo yempilo engokwasemgangathweni. Ngoxa imigangatho yeOSSA inika isiseko sokhuseleko lomsebenzi, amaphondo amaninzi asebenzisa ukhuseleko lwawo lwemisebenzi neenkqubo zempilo phantsi kwegunya lesebe. Ezi nkqubo zelizwano ziqhuba uhlolo lomsebenzi, zihlola iingozi, zinyanzelisa imilinganiselo yokhuseleko, zinika iinkonzo zokunceda abaqeshi ukuba balondoloze iimeko ezikhuselekileyo zokusebenza.

Iinkokeli ziphembelela impilo entle neyokhuseleko ngokujongwa kwabo kwiibhodi zooveleli, ukunikwa kwemali elungiselelwe ukunyanzeliswa komsebenzi, nokuxhaswa kweenkqubo zokhuseleko emsebenzini. Iinkqubo zempilo ezinamandla zinciphisa iingozi zasemsebenzini nezigulayo, ukukhusela abasebenzi ngoxa zicutha iindleko ezinxulumene nentlawulo kunye nemveliso elahlekileyo.

Ukufumaneka konyango kunye neSiqinisekiso soMgangatho

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abemi balapha banokufumaneka kwiinkonzo zonyango lomgangatho ophezulu bamele uxanduva lwezonyango olusisiseko. IZiko leMicimbi ePhakamileyo le-NGA lixhasa ii-ofisi zeGarhente ekuchaseni iingxaki zoluntu ezivelayo, ekuphuculeni ukufikelela nokucoceka kwendlela yokuziphethe kunye nokusebenzisa iingxaki zempilo, nokufumana iindlela zokunika unyango olutsha. IGarhente iphembelela ukufikelela nomgangatho wonyango kwiinkqubo ezininzi, kuquka inkqubo ye-Medicaid, uphuhliso lwezempilo, ukuphuhlisa nokuphatha komgangatho weziko.

Ulawulo lwenkqubo ye-Medicaid

IMedicaid imela eyona nkqubo inkupho inkupho ye-inshorensi yezempilo kumaphondo amaninzi, inikela ingqinisekiso kubantwana abafumana imali ephantsi, amabhinqa akhulelweyo, abantu abakhulileyo, nabantu abaneziphene. Iirhuluneli zenza izigqibo ezibukhali malunga nokungabi nabuyiselo lukaMedicaid, iinzuzo ezigqunyiweyo, ingeniso yokubonelela, kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo. Ezi zigqibo zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izigidi zabantu kunye nengxelo yoqingqo-mali lukarhulumente.

Irhuluneli zingandisa okanye zifake intelekelelo yeMedicaid, ziphumeze iimodeli zokuhambisa, zinxibelelana norhulumente wesizwe ukwenzela iziphazamiso zenkqubo, zize zilandele utshintsho oluyilelwe ukuphucula umgangatho ngexesha lolawulo lweendleko. Inkqubo yeMedicaid isebenza njengomnatha obalulekileyo wokhuseleko kubemi abasengozini, kunye nokhokelo lwe-gubernator kulawulo lwenkqubo echaphazela iziphumo ezibalulekileyo zempilo kunye nokufikelela konyango.

Uphuhliso lomkhosi woncedo lwempilo

Ukuxhasa izinto eziza kuqala kubaphathi, iQela lezeMpilo leNGA linika ulwazi, uphando, uhlalutyo lwenkqubo, uncedo lobugcisa, iiprojekthi ezikhethekileyo, kunye nobuncwane kwiiRhuluneli kunye nabasebenzi bazo kwimibandela eyahlukeneyo yempilo equka: izibonelelo zempilo yoluntu, izifo ezingapheliyo nezasulelayo, iingxaki zempilo, iindleko kunye nemibandela yempilo, impilo, ukulingana kwezempilo, kunye nezempilo kamama kunye nezempilo yabantwana. Ukunqongophalala kwezonyango kumela ucelomngeni oluqhubekayo, ingakumbi emaphandleni nasezindaweni ezingaphantsi.

Irhuluneli ithetha ngeengxaki zabasebenzi ngokufunda ngemali nangokuhlawula iinkqubo ezinika ingcebiso zezonyango iingcali ezisebenza phantsi kwemimandla egciniweyo, ukuxhasa iinkqubo zonyango kunye noqeqesho, ukuqhelisela utshintsho olubangela ukuba iingcali zezonyango zikwazi ukuqhelisela imigaqo-nkqubo ephambili yelayisensi, kunye namanyathelo okufumana inkxaso-mali nabezonyango. Le migudu yokuphuhlisa inceda abantu bafumane iinkonzo ezifunekayo zempilo.

Ukubekwa kweliso kweliso kwimiqathango yempilo

Isebe lezempilo lesizwe linika izibhedlele imvume lize lilawule izibhedlele, amakhaya asebezi, amakliniki, nezinye iindawo zonyango ukuqinisekisa ukuba zifikelela imilinganiselo ephantsi neyokhuseleko. Olu lawulo lukhusela izigulana ekunyanyeni okungephi kwaye lunika iindlela zokuziphendulela xa iindawo zingahambelani nemilinganiselo yezonyango.

Iinkokeli ziphembelela umgangatho wolawulo lwempilo ngokuvelela kwabo abameli abalungisayo, ngokuxhasa amanyathelo okuphucula afanelekileyo, kunye nokusabela xa kuphunyezwe umgangatho ofanelekileyo. Xa amaziko ezonyango efumana iingxaki ezinzulu zomgangatho, abalawuli banokukhokela ukujongwa, ukungenelela kongxamiseko, okanye ukuvalwa kwezakhiwo ukuze bakhusele umguli.

Impilo neNkxaso yokuSebenza

Impilo yengqondo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kuchaphazela izigidi zabantu baseMerika, kudala iingxaki eziphawulekayo kubantu ngabanye, iintsapho, kunye nabantu abahlala kunye. Impilo entle emzimbeni nasengqondweni isondelene kakhulu, kwaye zombini zibalulekile ukuba abantu baphile ubomi obuphilileyo nobunemveliso. IGalume lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abemi balapho banayo indlela yokufumana iinkonzo zempilo kwaye bayakwazi ukumelana ngokuphumelelayo neengxaki zeziyobisi.

Iinkonzo Zempilo Yengqondo Neempendulo Zeengxaki

Iinkqubo zempilo yengqondo yesizwe zinikezela ngeenkonzo ezisuka kunyango olusekelwe ekuhlaleni ukuya ekunyanyeni izigulana zengqondo. Ijaji ijonge ezi nkqubo, isenza izigqibo malunga nemigangatho yemali, izinto eziphambili zenkonzo, kunye nombutho wenkqubo. Amazwe amaninzi aye athabatha utshintsho ukuguqula iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo ukusuka kwizicwangciso zolawulo olusekelwe ekuhlaleni, efuna ukhokelo lwezi nguqulelo ezintlukwano.

Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo zifuna amandla okuphendula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye abalawuli baxhasa iinkonzo zongenelelo lweengxaki ezibandakanya ii-atnes ezimandundu, amaqela ahamba-hambayo, kunye neenkonzo zongxamiseko lwengqondo. Ezi nkonzo zinika ezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa inkxaso-mali yecandelo longxamiseko kwaye zinokuthintela ukufakwa kwesibhedlele okungeyomfuneko okanye ukubandakanyeka kwinkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ukuhlangabezana Nobhubhani Obangelwa Yiopioid

Ubhubhani weOpioid uye watshabalalisa uluntu kulo lonke elaseUnited States, wabulala amakhulu amawaka abantu, wabangela iindleko ezinkulu zentlalo nezoqoqosho. IiRhuluneli ziye zasabela ngokusetyenziswa konyango olunentsingiselo oluquka ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza asetyenziswayo, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwamayeza okubuyisela amayeza, ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuhlola amayeza kagqirha, ukusukela ukusetyenziswa kwasemthethweni kwiinkampani ezisebenzisa amayeza, nokuxhasa imigudu yokuthintelwa nemfundo.

Phambi kwesifo se-COVID-19, amagunya amaninzi asebenzisa ezi ngxaki zongxamiseko kunye nezempilo kawonke-wonke ukusabela kwiintlekele zendalo, ezinjengeenkanyamba, kunye nezisongelo zempilo kawonke-wonke imihla ngemihla, njengesifo sephepha.34 Amazwe asebenzisa la magunya ongxamiseko ukuphendula kwiimeko zonyango ezibonisa umgangatho okhethekileyo nowendalo, kuquka ukuqhambuka kweHIV kunye nehepatitis A, kunye nezifo ezikhoyo ngoku. Ezinye iijaji ezithe zavakalisa ungxamiseko lwempilo kawonke-opioids, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kungenelwe inyathelo elisebenzayo kunye nokuquququzelelwa koovimba.

Ukusabela okunempumelelo kwingxaki ye-opioid kufuna ukuba kubekho umanyano kwiicandelo ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka ukunyamekela impilo, ukugweba, ukugweba, imfundo, neenkonzo zentlalo. IGavera-mikhosi isebenza njengegunya eliyintloko elilawulayo, iqinisekisa ukuba amaqumrhu ahlukeneyo nabaxhasi basebenza kunye kwiinjongo ezifanayo. Ukhokelo lwawo ekusingatheni iingxaki zokusebenzisa iziyobisi lungasindisa ubomi noncedo lwabantu abachaphazelekayo kwiimpembelelo ezitshabalalisayo zobukhoboka botywala.

Ukhuseleko Lomjelo - mveliso

Ingozi engahlolwanga, kuquka iingozi zemoto, ukuwa, nokutyhefu, zimela izinto eziphambili ezibangela ukufa nokukhubazeka. Irhuluneli iphembelela ukuthintelwa kwengozi ngemithetho yokhuseleko lweenqwelo-mafutha, izinto eziphambili, amaphulo okulumkisa abantu ngokubanzi, nokuxhasa iinkqubo zokuthintela ukona.

Imithetho yoKhuseleko lwemoto

Iingozi zemoto zibulala amashumi amawaka amaMelika nyaka ngamnye zize zonakalise izigidi ezingakumbi. IiRhuluneli zixhasa ukhuseleko lwezithuthi ngemithetho efuna ukusetyenziswa kwebhanti lesihlalo, zithintela ukuqhuba okungalungelelaniyo, zithintela ukuqhuba okuphazamisekileyo, ziphumeza ukufakwa kwesantya somqhubi kwi-injini yabaqhubi abaselula, ziqinisekisa ukuba isantya esiphezulu simisiwe. Le mithetho, idityaniswe nemigudu yokunyanzelisa nokufundisa uluntu, iye yanegalelo ekuncitshisweni kwemijelo yeenqwelo-mafutha kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Kwakhona iirhuluneli zingaxhasa ukhuseleko lwezithuthi ngenkqubela-phambili yezibonelelo, njengendlela ekhuselekileyo, ukukhanya okungcono, kunye nesayina esenziwe kakuhle. Ngokulawula izithuthi kunye namaqumrhu ezempilo kawonke wonke, abalawuli bayakwazi ukumisela iindlela ezibanzi zokhuseleko lwemoto ezithetha ngeemeko ezininzi eziyingozi.

Iinkqubo zokukhusela ukuchanabeka

Ngaphandle kokhuseleko lwezithuthi, abalawuli baxhasa iinkqubo zokuthintela ingozi ezithetha ngabantu abadala, ingozi yobuntwana, iingozi zasemsebenzini, kunye nokhuseleko logonyamelo. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa iindlela ezisekelwe kubungqina zokunciphisa iingozi, kuquka ukulungiswa kwemekobume, ukusasazwa kwezixhobo zokhuseleko, imfundo, uqeqesho, kunye nokungenelela kwemigaqo-nkqubo.

Ukuthintela ukungenwa kwengozi kumela ukuhlahlela utyalo-mali oluchaphazela impilo kawonke-wonke, njengoko ukuthintela umonakalo kuphepha iindleko ezithe kratya zezonyango, ukulahleka kwemveliso, nokubandezeleka kwabantu okunxulumene nomonakalo obuhlungu. Iinkokeli ezibeka iliso lokhuseleko lokonzakalisa zinokufumana inkqubela ephawulekayo kwimpilo yabemi nokuncitshiswa kwexabiso lonyango.

Iinkqubo zempilo yomntwana

Impilo yoomama nabantwana ingumqondiso osisiseko wempilo yabemi bonke neyona nto iphambili kwiinkqubo zonyango loluntu. Ijaji ijonge iinkqubo zezempilo ezibanzi zoomama kunye nabantwana ezinika ingqalelo yabantwana abakhulelweyo, ukutyelelwa, ukugonywa, ukuhlolwa kokukhula, kunye neenkonzo zokuxhasa iintsapho.

Ukucutha Imali

IUnited States ijongene neengxaki zokufa komama, ezinamanani aphezulu kunamanye amazwe ahambele phambili naxa ehlulwe kakhulu ngokobuhlanga.

Le migudu ifuna ukulungelelaniswa kweenkqubo zonyango, imibutho yezonyango yoluntu nemibutho yoluntu.

IiNkonzo zeMpilo yoLuntu noPhuhliso

Umntwana umele ixesha elinzima lempilo nenkqubela, namava alo achaphazela amaqumrhu ezempilo empilo exesha lonke. Irhuluneli zixhasa impilo yabantwana ngeenkqubo eziqinisekisa ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zonyango, ukukhuthaza ukukhula okusempilweni, ukukhusela izifo zobuntwana, nokuthetha ngeemfuno ezikhethekileyo zempilo.

Iinkqubo zikarhulumente zilungiselela ukugoma, ukuxilonga ukuphuhliswa, ukuthintelwa kwetyhefu yelothe, ukuxhasa ukungondleki kweentlobo-ntlobo zeenkqubo ezifana ne-WIC, kunye neenkonzo zokunyamekela impilo yabantwana ezifuna unyango olukhethekileyo. Oku kuveliswa kwempilo yabantwana kuvelisa iingenelo zexesha elide, njengoko abantwana abanempilo entle bephumelela esikolweni, bephepha izifo ezinganyangekiyo, baze babe ngabantu abadala abasebenzayo.

Ukulingana Kwempilo Nokuthetha

Ukwahluka ngokwempilo okusekelwe kuhlanga, ubuhlanga, ingeniso, i-ography nezinye izinto zingucelomngeni oluqhubekayo oluphazamisa impilo yabemi nolonakalisa imigaqo yokusesikweni nokungalingani. IRhuluneli zinokukhuthaza impilo ngokulingana ngeenkqubo ezijoliswe ekujoliswe kuzo, iinguqu zenkqubo, kunye neenguqu ezichaphazela iingcambu zokwahlukana kwempilo.

Ukuthetha neengxaki zempilo

Iziphumo zempilo zibunjwa ziimeko zentlalo nezezoqoqosho kuquka imfundo, umsebenzi, indawo yokuhlala, ukhuseleko lokutya, kunye nokusingqongileyo okuselumelwaneni. IRhuluneli eziqonda olu nxulumano zingasebenzisa amaqhinga adibeneyo athetha ngokunqanda impilo yasekuhlaleni ngaphandle kongenelelo lonyango lwesithethe.

Le iquka iinkqubo ezithi zandise izindlu ezinokufikeleleka, ziphucule amathuba emfundo, ziphucule amathuba okufumana ukutya okusempilweni, zibangele amathuba ezoqoqosho kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo, zinciphise iingozi zemeko-bume kwimimandla ebuthathaka. Ngokuthetha ngezi zinto zisemgceni, abalawuli bangenza inkqubela enzulu nehlala ihleli kwimpilo yabemi kunokuba kungenelele unyango lwempilo kuphela.

Ukunciphisa Umahluko Okhoyo Empilweni Yasemaphandleni

Iingingqi zasemaphandleni zijamelene neengxaki ezikhethekileyo zempilo, kuquka ukunqongophala kwempilo, ukuvalwa kwezibhedlele, ukunyuka kweqondo lokufa kwezifo ezingapheliyo, kunye nokwanda kwabantu ababulawa zizifo ezinokuthintelwa.

Impilo yasemaphandleni ifuna iindlela ezilungeleleneyo zokubona iingxaki neemfuno ezikhoyo kubantu basemaphandleni. IiRhuluneli ezibeka imilinganiselo yempilo yasemaphandleni zinokubanceda baqinisekise ukuba indawo akuyo egqiba ngeziphumo zempilo yaye bonke abantu abanamathuba okufumana impilo entle.

Unxibelelwano Lezempilo Nokufundisa

Impilo kawonke wonke ephumelelayo ifuna abantu abanolwazi oluqonda iingozi zempilo nezokhuseleko.

Ingxaki Kunxibelelwano

Ngexesha likaxakeka, iRhuluneli ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunxibelelaneni noluntu ngexesha likaxakeka, inika icebiso nemiyalelo kunye nokugcina ucwangco noluntu lulungelelene. Ukucacisa, ukuchana, nokunxibelelana ngexesha longxamiseko lwempilo kungasindisa ubomi ngokuqinisekisa ukuba abantu bayabuqonda ubungozi kwaye bayayazi indlela yokuzikhusela.

Iirhuluneli kufuneka zilungelelanise iinjongo ezininzi zonxibelelwano ngexesha leengxaki: ukunikela inkcazelo echanileyo, ukugcina intembelo yoluntu, ukuphepha ukuphazanyiswa, ukudibanisa imiyalezo kwiinkampani, nokuthetha iingxelo ezigqwethekileyo. Ukubonakala kwabo negunya kubenza babekelwe indawo ekhethekileyo yokudlulisela imiyalezo yempilo egxekayo efikelela kubantu abahlab

Iphulo lokukhuthaza impilo

Ngaphandle konxibelelwano olumaxongo, abalawuli banokusebenzisa iqonga labo ukukhuthaza imilinganiselo yokuziphatha entle baze baphakamise ukuphaphanyiswa ngemibandela yempilo. Amaphulo okulumkisa abantu ngemibandela enjengokutshaya, ukusebenza komzimba, ukutya okusempilweni, ukugonywa, kunye nokuxilongwa kwezifo anokuphembelela ukutshintsha kwesimilo kubemi.

Iirhuluneli ezizilolonga ngokobuqu iinjongo zempilo zinokuwandisa amandla azo, zisebenzisa ukubonakala kwazo ukuze zitsale ingqalelo kwiingxaki ezibalulekileyo zempilo nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha entle. Olu khokelo lungakhuthaza abemi ukuba benze ukhetho olusempilweni baze benze izithethe ezixhasa impilo yabo.

Umanyano lorhulumente nomanyano

Impilo kawonke wonke isebenza kumgangatho omninzi karhulumente, ifuna ukulungelelanisa okuphumelelayo phakathi kwamagunya orhulumente, urhulumente kunye nawoluntu. IRhuluneli isebenza njengee-arhente ezibalulekileyo, isebenza namaqumrhu karhulumente ukukhusela oovimba nenkxaso ngoxa isebenzisana namasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwenkonzo ngokunempumelelo.

INgxowa-mali yoManyano neeNkqubo

Amasebe asebenza ngomanyano anikela inkxaso engakumbi kwiinkqubo zempilo karhulumente, kuquka ukubonelela ngezokhuseleko lwezifo, ungxamiseko, impilo yemekobume, impilo yomama neyomntwana, nezinye izinto ezininzi eziza kuqala.

Xa uRhulumente kunye noovimba basekuhlaleni benganele ukuphendula kwintlekele, irhuluneli ingacela uncedo lweFederal yaye kufuneka iqonde iimfuno neenkqubo zokucela uncedo olunjalo. Olu manyano lwamagunya lubaluleka ngakumbi ngexesha leentlekele ezinkulu okanye iingozi zempilo kawonke-wonke ezingaphaya kobuchule borhulumente.

Inkxaso yeSebe lezeMpilo

Amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni asebenza njengendawo ephambili kwimpilo karhulumente, anikela iinkonzo ngqo kubantu abahlala apho. Ulwalamano phakathi korhulumente namasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni luyahluka-hluka kwiimeko zoorhulumente, kunye neenkqubo ezisebenzayo apho amasebe asekuhlaleni asebenza njengamasebe karhulumente, ngoxa amanye enenkqubo ezilungeleleneyo nezizimeleyo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi intlangano, abalawuli baphembelela impilo kawonke-wonke ngokweemali ezinikwa abantu basekuhlaleni, ngoncedo lobugcisa, ukhokelo lwenkqubo kunye nolawulo lomgangatho. Unxulumano oluqinileyo phakathi korhulumente noorhulumente besebe lezonyango basekuhlaleni lunceda iinkqubo zonyango ezisebenzayo ezinokuthi zikwazi ukusabela kwiimfuno zoluntu kunye nezinto eziza kuqala kulo lonke ilizwe.

Imisebenzi yempilo nokhuseleko loluntu engundoqo

  • Irekhodi yolawulo lobunyani: ivakalisa izinto ezingxamisekileyo, ilungelelanisa imigudu yokuphendula, ithumela uKhuselo lweSizwe, kwaye inxibelelana noluntu ngexesha leengxaki
  • [[NKQUBO:0] Ulawulo lwezakhono: Ukumisela amagosa ezempilo, ukuqokelela uqingqo-mali, nokuqinisekisa ubuchule obaneleyo beenkonzo zempilo zikawonke-wonke eziyimfuneko
  • IiNkqubo zokuthintela ukukhuselwa kwezifo: Ukuxhasa amaphulo okugoma, amanyathelo okuthintela izifo ezingapheliyo, kunye nemigudu yokulawula izifo ezisasazekayo
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukhuseleko lwempilo ye-Environmental: Ukukhangela ngaphezulu umoya kunye nomgangatho weenkqubo, uhlolo lokhuseleko lokutya, kunye neempendulo kwiingozi zempilo ekhoyo
  • Iingcebiso ze-Access ezi- Ukulawula iinkqubo ze-Medicaid, ukuphendula ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi bezonyango, nokuqinisekisa iinkonzo zonyango
  • IiNkonzo zempilo zeBehavior: Ukunika impilo yengqondo nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi unyango lwengxaki, iinkonzo zongenelelo lwengxaki, kunye neempendulo ezibanzi kwizifo ezithwaxa ukukhotyokiswa
  • Imithetho ekhuselekileyo: Ukuthobela imithetho yokhuseleko lomgwaqo, iinkqubo zokuthintela ukwenzakala, kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko emsebenzini
  • Impilo entle neyomntwana: Ukunciphisa ukufa komama, ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela kwinyameko yangaphambi kokubeleka, nokuxhasa impilo yomntwana kunye nenkqubela-phambili
  • Imigudu ye-Health Equty: ebhekisa kwimpilo engafaniyo, enqanda impilo, nokuqinisekisa ukufikelela kwempilo yasemaphandleni
  • Uthungelwano olucacileyo: Ukufundisa abantu ngeengozi zempilo, ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okunempilo, nokunika ukhokelo olucacileyo ngexesha longxamiseko
  • [[NKQUBO:0] Uvumelwano lwamaBhunga: lokusebenzisana namasebe orhulumente, ukuxhasa amasebe empilo asekuhlaleni, nokuqinisekisa ukudityaniswa kweminqamlezo-
  • Uphuhliso lobuPolitiki: umthetho onika imithetho, ukhupha imiyalelo yegunya elilawulayo, nokusebenzisa igunya lolawulo ukuhambisela phambili iinjongo zempilo kawonke-wonke

Ikamva Lokhokelo Loluntu Lwempilo Oluyimbumba

Umhlaba wempilo kawonke-wonke uyaqhubeka uguquka, unika ucelomngeni kunye namathuba okuba nokhokelo lokwasulela. Ukuqhambuka kwezifo ezasulelayo, ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuchaphazela impilo, ukwahluka kwempilo, iindleko zonyango kunye nophuhliso lobugcisa, konke oku kufuna ukhokelo olulungelelaniswayo kunye nokwenziwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo esekelwe kubungqina.

Ngokungqalileyo, iNGA Center ixhasa iiRhuluneli kunye namanye amagosa aphezulu esizwe ngokunika uncedo lobugcisa, kunye nokukhuthaza abalawuli ukuba bachaze ezona ndlela zingcono zokuzalisekisa imizekelo yokuxela kwangaphambili ukuxela kwangaphambili ukuqhambuka kwezifo ezasulelayo nokusabela ngamandla. Oku kujoliswe ekuphuculeni kunye nakwezona ndlela zingcono zibonisa indaleko eqhubekayo yezenzo zonyango lukawonke-wonke kunye nemfuneko yokuba abalawuli bathabathe izixhobo ezintsha kunye nokusondela.

Isifo se-COVOVAD-19 sabonisa ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kobunkokeli boluntu kunye neengxaki abalawuli abajongene nazo ekulungelelaniseni izinto eziphambili ezikhuphisanayo, ukulawula iingcinezelo zobupolitika, kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezinzima ngolwazi olungaphelelanga. Kwiminyaka yokuqala emi-2 yale ngxaki, abalawuli kunye namagosa ezempilo esizwe basebenzisa amandla abo kaxakeka ukuhlangabezana nobuninzi bezifo ezinxulumene ne-COVID-19.

Ukukhangela phambili, abalawuli baza kufuneka bagcine izibonelelo zobunkunkqele zoluntu zomelele, ukunikela izibonelelo zexesha elizayo, ukulungiselela ukuchanabeka okuqhubekayo kwempilo, kunye nokuqhelanisa nokutshintsha kweengxaki zempilo. Impumelelo iya kufuna ukuzinikela kwezobupolitika, ubuncwane obaneleyo, umanyano olunempumelelo, kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezisekelwe kubungqina.

Ukwakha Ibutho Loluntu Elihlala Kulo Ngokhokelo Lwezikhukula

Ekugqibeleni, indima yerhuluneli kwimpilo yoluntu nokhuseleko idlulela ngaphaya kokulawula amanqam nokuzalisekisa iinkqubo. Abalawuli abasebenzayo bakha uluntu olukwaziyo ukumelana noqhwithela, ukuqhelanisa neemeko ezitshintshayo, nokuxhasa impilo nokuhlala kakuhle kwabo bonke abemi.

Oku kufuna indlela ebanzi yokudibanisa impilo kawonke-wonke neminye imibutho yezomthetho, idilesi ezibangela iingxaki zempilo kunokuba zibe ziimpawu nje, ibandakanyeke kuluntu ekwenzeni izigqibo, kwaye igcine izibophelelo ezithe xhaxhe ixesha elide ukuze kuphucuke impilo. Iinkokeli eziyamkelayo le mbono yempilo ebanzi zingaguqula iimeko zazo, zidala imekobume apho bonke abemi banamathuba okufumana impilo entle.

Unxulumano phakathi kokhokelo lwegosa kunye nempilo yoluntu lusebenza kwiindlela ezininzi: ilungiselelo lenkonzo elingqalileyo, ulawulo lolawulo, ukwabiwa kolawulo, ukuphuhliswa kwemigaqo, ukusabela kongxamiseko, kunye nonxibelelwano lukawonke-wonke.

Njengoko amazwe eqhubeka esebenza njengeelaboratori zedemokhrasi, ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo zonyango lukawonke-wonke kungavelisa izifundo ezixabisekileyo kwamanye amazwe kwaye kwazise inkqubo yesizwe. IGatya ebeka impilo kwindawo yokuqala, ityandelele kwimiqathango esekelwe kubungqina, kwaye igcine iinkqubo zempilo kawonke-wonke ezomeleleyo zinegalelo kungekuphela nje ekulungelweni kwabemi bazo kodwa kwanakuphuhliswa koqheliselo lonyango lukawonke wonke kwilizwe lonke.

Kulwazi oluninzi olumalunga neenkqubo zonyango lukarhulumente kunye negunya lolawulo loluntu, tyelela iNxulumano yamaGaqo-mbuso esizwe kunye namaCenters for Disease Control and Prevention[. Ubuncwane obongezelelekileyo kulawulo longxamiseko bungafunyanwa ngaphandle kwe- I-FEDEmperal Emergency Management Agency Agency[[FL:5]].

Abalawuli abasebenza kwiindawo ezininzi abakhusela impilo yoluntu nokhuseleko babonisa ukuntsonkotha kwemingeni yempilo-ntle yale mihla kunye nemfuneko yokhokelo olomeleleyo kumgangatho worhulumente. Ngegunya labo kwizibonelelo zoluntu, amandla olawulo longxamiseko, amandla ophuhliso lolawulo, kunye nolwabelo lweenkcitho, iirhuluneli zilungisa iziphumo zempilo zezigidi zabantu. Ukhokelo lwabo ngexesha lemisebenzi yoorhulumente kunye neengxaki ezingaqhelekanga zimisela enoba abantu banokuthintela izifo, basabela kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo, kwaye badala iimeko ezixhasa impilo nentlalo entle kubo bonke abantu.