Indlela Imithetho Ephunyezwa Ngayo Yimithetho Echaphazela Umgangatho Womhlalaphantsi Nemithetho

Imithetho esemthethweni kumgangatho worhulumente nowesizwe inegalelo elingqalileyo nelihlala lihleli kukhuseleko lwemali yabahlali. Imithetho edluliselwayo igqiba yonke into ukusuka kwindlela imali yomhlala-phantsi ehlanjululwe ngayo kwaye ilawulwa ngendlela ezibalelwa ngayo iinzuzo, ofanelekileyo, kwaneminyaka apho abantu banokuthatha umhlala-phantsi. Kubantu abasebenzayo nabathatha umhlala-phantsi ngokufanayo, ukuqonda inkqubo yowiso-mthetho ephambili esemva kwale migaqo kubalulekile ekwenzeni izigqibo zolwazi malunga nokuceba kwabo umhlala phantsi. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iindlela zokuyila imithetho elawula ukurhoxa kwemali nemigaqo yempempe-mali, ibala ibalase imbali nemithetho engundoqo, kwaye ixubusha iingxaki eziqhubekayo abasebenzi bomthetho abajongenezo kuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kokhuseleko lwexesha elide lokuhlala umhlala phantsi.

Inkqubo yoMthetho yomgaqo-nkqubo woMgaqo-nkqubo wowemhlala-phantsi

Umthetho womhlala-phantsi kunye nowempesheni osungulwe njengesivumelwano sokusebenza kwequmrhu lowiso-mthetho .Nto yemithetho-mthetho okanye indlu yowiso-mthetho. Lo mthetho ubhekiswa kwikomiti enxulumene nekomiti yeBhunga leMali, njengeKomiti yeNdlu yeeNdlela zeNdlu kunye neNdlela zokuLawula kwicandelo leRhulumente, okanye iKomiti yempesheni kunye nekomiti yephondo ehlala umhlala phantsi. Iikomiti zibamba iindlebe apho iingcali, abameli, namagosa equlunqikelelweni angqinela khona. Ukuba i-mthetho ifaka uphawu, i-ccijiza, kwaye ivota kuyo. Ukuba igqithisa ikomiti, iyahamba ukuya kwigumbi elipheleleyo lengxoxo kunye nevoti yokugqibela. Inkqubo isenokuthatha iinyanga okanye kwaneminyaka emininzi, ifuna ukuvalwa kwezopolitiki kunye nokulala.

Emva kokudlula ngamaziko omabini kunye nakuphi na ukuhlaziywa kocalulo, ityala lisiya kumphathi-mikhosi (uMongameli okanye irhuluneli karhulumente) ukuze atyikitye. Xa sele emisiwe, umthetho ulandelwa ngamaqumrhu olawulo anjenge-Social Security Administration okanye inkqubo yempesheni karhulumente yabathathi-mali. Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho iqinisekisa ukuba iimbono ezininzi //iquka ezo zabasebenzi, abaqeshi, abaqeshi, nabaqeshi, nabahlawuleli-mali balinganiswe ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe iinguqu.

Umkhosi wesizwe

Ukuthatha umhlala phantsi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yempesheni eUnited States ilawulwa yintlanganisela yemithetho karhulumente nekarhulumente. Urhulumente wesizwe ujongela uKhuseleko lweNtlalo-ntle yaBantu kunye nenkqubo yomhlala-phantsi omkhulu kawonke-wonke.. Ngokusebenzisa uMthetho weNyuselo yoKhuseleko loluntu kunye nokulungisa okulandelayo. Ilawula neeplani zomqeshwa womhlala-khaya ngokuphuma umhlala-phantsi kuMsebenzi ofumana uKhuseleko loMsebenzi (ERISA), emisela imigangatho encinane yentlawulo lwempesheni yecawa yezentlalo-ntle kunye nama-401 eenkqubo e-dendesheni. Iinkqubo zikarhulumente, kwelinye icala, ukulawula iinkqubo zomhlala-mali kubafundisi, abalwamfele-mlilo, amapolisa, kunye nabanye abasebenzi belizwe. Urhulumente ngamnye unenkqubo yomthetho yemali elungele intlawulo lwemali yomhlala-mali, kunye neemfuno zemali. Le nkqubo yolawulo zomgangatho womsebenzi womsebenzi womsebenzi womsebenzi womsebenzi womsebenzi womntu ngamnye kumgangatho womntu ngamnye, nakwemivuzo womgangatho womgangatho womgangatho

Indlela Imithetho Eyingenelo Ngayo Ngokungqalileyo

Xa ithe yamiselwa, imithetho yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi ingaguqula umlinganiselo weengenelo ezifunyanwa ngabarhoxi, iimeko abanokufumana kuzo ezo ngenelo, kunye nempilo yemali yenkqubo yengqesho ngokwayo. Ukuqonda ezi mpembelelo zingqalileyo kunceda abemi babone isizathu sokuba impikiswano yemithetho enxulumene nemigaqo-nkqubo yomhlala-phantsi yemali ixhomekeke kwizikhwakhwa zabo zemali nokhuseleko lwexesha elizayo.

Ukufumana Iinguqu

Imithetho emininzi yomhlala-phantsi ichaza indlela ekufuneka isetyenziswe ngayo inzuzo zonyaka. Umzekelo, umthetho ungatshintsha indlela yokubala intlawulo epheleleyo esetyenziselwa ukuchaza umvuzo wonyaka, njengokwenza unyuko lwenani elipheleleyo (umz., 2% yomvuzo womlinganiselo wonyaka wenkonzo ngonyaka kunowa-2.%. Imithetho ingayitshintsha indlela yokubala intlawulo epheleleyo, njengomlinganiselo weminyaka emithathu ephezulu endaweni yemihlanu, ebonakala inyusa iinzuzo. Intengiso yemali ekhoyo (njengokwesiKL) ingacutha okanye ishelwe ukugcina imali. Illino, umzekelo, igqithise umthetho kuleyo i-COLORCS ngokweevstiki yemali, kodwa inkundla ephezulu kamva iwuhla njengeehlayo njengeeziphumo zemali ezithenjiweyo. Ezi zixhomekeke kwingeniso ezithenjiweyo zemali.

Inkxaso-mali ekhoyo

UMthetho wakwa-Ofisi-mthetho ungagunyazisa iminikelo engakumbi evela kubaqeshi, abaqeshi, okanye zombini ukuxhasa iinkqubo zemali yomhlala-phantsi. UMthetho we-Ofisi yoLawulo lwezemali karhulumente waseKhalifoniya ka-2013, unyusa intlawulo lwabaqeshwa abasebenzi ukwenzela ii-arhente ezintsha zezeenkonzo zemali zemali ezitsha kwaye unciphise iinzuzo ezithile. Ngokufanayo, imithetho yesebe enjenge-Pension Protection Protection Act enika inkxaso-mali yoMpanezelo yemali elungiselelwe ingeniso yenkampani, ifuna iinkampani ukuba ziqokelele ngokupheleleyo izithembiso zazo zempesheni ngexesha elifutshane. Le mithetho ithintela intlawulo zenzala ezithenjiswayo kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba iinzuzo ezithenjiwe ngokwenene. Noko ke, intlawulo oluphezulu lungahliswa ngokuhlawula kwimirhuluko yabaqeshi, maxa wandisa iindleko zabaqeshi, ukuze kunyuswe iinzuzo zemisebenzi, maxakelele ekuhliswe kwezinye iinzuzo zomsebenzi okanye ekuqeshwe.

Ukukwazi Ukuhlala Uhleli Nokuthatha Umhlala - phantsi

Enye imowudi yowiso-mthetho exhaphakileyo ingutshintsho lwemilinganiselo yokungangeni kwi-[[FLT: 0] yokufumana umhlala-phantsi. Oku kuquka ukunyusa iminyaka ebanzi abasebenzi abanokuthatha ngayo umhlala phantsi benomvuzo opheleleyo. Umzekelo, uKhuseleko loluntu olupheleleyo lomhlala-phantsi luye lwanyuka ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kuma-65 (yabo bazalwe ngaphambi konyaka ka-1950) ukuya kuma 67 (ngoobo bazelwe emva konyaka ka-19595) ukudlula kwisiphelo somhlala phantsi komhlala phantsi ogqithe. Iinkqubo zempesheni ziye zanyusa ngokufanayo iminyaka eqhelekileyo ephakathi kweminyaka engama-55 ukuya ku-62 okanye 65 yokufumana iinzuzo ezincinane zokukhangela ukutshintshana kwenyanga ezincinane.

Iziganeko ezibalaseleyo zoMthetho ezichaphazela ukuthatha umhlala phantsi

Imithetho emininzi ephawulekayo iye yalolonga umhlaba ohlala umhlala phantsi eUnited States yaye iyaqhubeka iphembelela iimpikiswano zenkqubo namhlanje.

Isenzo soKhuseleko loLuntu sowama-1935

Mhlawumbi owona mthetho ubalulekileyo owakha wadluliselwa ngenxa yokhuseleko lomhlala-phantsi, uMthetho woKhuseleko olunesiphene noncedo lwe-Inshorensi wamisela inkqubo ye-inshorensi endala yesizwe exhaswa yirhafu ehlawulwa yirhafu eqeshiweyo. Yadala umnatha wokhuseleko kwizigidi zabantu abadala baseMelika abajamelene nobuhlwempu ngenxa yomhlala-phantsi. Ngoku emva koko iintlawulo zomhlala-phantsi ziye zandisa intlawulo, iinzuzo zokhubazeko olukhubazekileyo, kunye neerhafuthelo ezithekileyo zerhafu okanye ukunyusa iminyaka yokuhlala ephezulu.

UMthetho woKhuseleko lweNkcitho (ERISA) wowe- 1974

I-ERICA imisela imigangatho karhulumente yecandelo lomdyarho wempesheni kunye neeplani zempilo. Yaseka amanqanaba amancinci emali, ucwangciso, iimbopheleleko zemali, iimbopheleleko zemali kubaphathi beplani, kunye neemfuno zokutyhila. I-ERISRA yadala i- Pisensition Bene-Guarant Corporation (PBGC), echazwe ukuba iyingenelo yempesheni ukuba inkampani iphelelwa lixabiso kwaye ayinakuhlawula iingenelo ezithenjiswe yimali. Lo mthetho ukhusela izigidi zabasebenzi ekulahlekelweni yi-mali yabo ngenxa yokungalawuleki okanye ukulawulwa kwe-mali ejikelezayo. Noko ke, i-ERICA ayigubululi ii-mali zikawonke, ezilawulwa endaweni yemithetho ye-ocensi, elawulwa yimithetho ye-okhensi ekhuselwa kwilizwe elinqumleyo.

UMthetho woKhuselo ka-2006

Le mithetho yezemali idibeneyo nemithetho yesebe elilawulayo echazayo inzuzo ekhoyo kwiiplani ezininzi zokuvuka kokungaphumeleli komhlala-phantsi kwepropati ephezulu nokunganyuswayo. Yayifuna iiplani zokuba zibe noko 80-100% zisebenzisa intlawulo yenzala engaqhelekanga, kwaye yabeka ucwangciso olukhawulezayo lwemali kwiimeko ezimandundu. Isenzo senza kube lula kubasebenzi ukuba babhalise ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-401(k) izicwangciso zeplani ecacileyo. Ngelixa kuphumelela kakhulu ekuphuculeni ucombululeni iimpempe-mali zemali zomhlala-mhlala-phantsi, iimfuno zemali ezingqongqo zikwakhokelela kwiinkampani ezininzi ekunciphiseni iinjongo zabo ezichaziweyo kunye nokutshintshela ngokupheleleyo ku 401 (k).

IZenzo zeNtloko (209 no-2022)

[[NTL:0] Ukubeka Umthetho woLuntu Wonke Ophezulu ukwenzela Unyuselo Lomhlala-phantsi (UMTHETHO) [ ka-2019 kunye ne-SECURE 2.0 (egqithiweyo ngo-2022 njengenxalenye yemali echithwayo) imele olona tshintsho lubalulekileyo lwemithetho-mthetho kwimali egcinwe ethathelwa umhlala-phantsi kumashumi eminyaka. Iinkqubo ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • Ukwandisa unikezelo olufunekayo (RMD) ubudala ukusuka ku 702/2 ukuya ku 72 (ekugqibeleni ukuya ku 75 phantsi kweSECURE 2.0).
  • Ukuvumela abasebenzi bexesha lengxubevange abafaka iiyure ezingama-500 ngonyaka iminyaka emithathu elandelelanayo ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwizicwangciso ezingama-401(k).
  • Ukwenza ityala lerhafu kumashishini amancinane ukuze kuhlawulelwe iindleko zokuqalisa icebo lokuthatha umhlala phantsi.
  • Ukuphinda ubhalise ngokuzenzekela kwi-401(k) kunye nezicwangciso ezifanayo eziqala ngo-2025.
  • Ukwandisa umlinganiselo wentonga ezibambekayo kubasebenzi abadala (amashumi amathandathu anesithandathu3) ukubanceda bagcine okuninzi.

Le mithetho ifuna ukwandisa inkcazo yecebo lokuthatha umhlala-phantsi, ikhuthaza ukonga nokuhambisa imithetho elula. Ibonisa ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo yowiso-mthetho ifuna ukukhuthaza inkqubo yokuzithandela, esekelwe kumqeshi njengeyongezelelo kuKhuseleko loNtlalo.

Ucelomngeni Lwangoku Neempendulo Zomthetho

Namhlanje, iintsebenziswano zendlu yowiso-mthetho zijamelene neengxaki eziliqela ezivavanya ukulondolozwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yempesheni ekhoyo kunye nomhlala-phantsi. Ezi ziquka iinjongo ezithe zangeniswanga kakuhle zemali yomhlala-phantsi kawonke-wonke, ukutshintshwa kokufumana iingenelo ezichaziweyo kwimirhumo echaziweyo, kunye neengcinezelo zamanani abantu abalupheleyo.

Ipensile kawonke-wonke ephenjelelwa phantsi

Iinkqubo ezininzi zempesheni nezomhlala-phantsi zincitshiswe ziibhiliyoni zeerandi. Izinto ezifana nemali encinane yotyalo-mali, iminikelo efunekayo, kunye nezithembiso ezinik'intabalala zeminyaka engamashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo ziye zafak ’ isandla kule ngxaki. Imithetho iye yaphendula ngokunyusa intlawulo, inciphisa iinzuzo zomvuzo omtsha, kwaye kwanokuzama ukuphinda kungenelwe iinzuzo ezikhoyo. Iinkundla zamasebe zisoloko zikhusela iinzuzo ezikhoyo. Umzekelo, i-Illinonio ugqithise umthetho ngo-2018181818 ka-2017 ukuze unciphise iinzuzo zempempehla yempehla yabasa neminikelo yabasebenzi ekwandiswayo, nangona imo ye-RGSCLFFOT [FF] eziphinda-50] ingulonke imigudu yokulungisa.

Ushenxiso Oluvela Kwiingenelo Ezicacisiweyo Ukuze Uchaze Amalungiselelo Omrhumo

Abaqeshi becaka elizimeleyo baye basuka kakhulu kule nzuzo yesithethe echaziweyo yempesheni (eqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwemali yobomi ngenyanga) ukuya kwiiplani zomnikelo ezifana no 401 (k) (apho inzuzo ixhomekeke kwiminikelo kunye nokubuyiselwa). Izenzo zomthetho zikhuthaze kwaye ziphendule kule ntshukumo. Iimfuno zemali zemali ze-DB zenziwa zicebise i-DB eninzi, kwaye imigaqo elandelayo (njenge-SECUREESC C ziceba i-DC inteleeze ngokunelisa nokufikeleleka. Ngexesha izicwangciso ze DC zinika abasebenzi ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinziwo zobuyiseko. Abagxeko abaninzi baphikisa ukuba imigaqo yendlu ifanele yenzele ngaphezulu kwimiqathango yokufumana iiprojekthi zemali okanye iprojective (imali) ukuqinisekisa ingeniso ethembekileyo. Ezinye iipropatiso zomskothoni, njengoko i-Orn, kunye ne-Ornvotial [ifromation [5],[5] ii-F.[1] ii-Fra

Iingcinezelo zoomatiloshe kunye nomngcipheko wobude

Njengoko abafumani bempumelelo befumana umhlala-phantsi kunye nobude bobomi be-application Office, inani labahlali benyukayo linyuka ngokukhawuleza kunenani labasebenzi abanikela ngerhafu eqesheni okanye ngeminikelo yomhlala-phantsi. Oku kutshintsha kwamanani okuthe ngqo kuvavanya ukufumaneka kwazo zombini iinkqubo zoKhuselo loluntu kunye nezombuso. I-ofisi yoMnyango woLuntu (CO) i-[FLT] [[FLT]]] imisebenzi yokuba intengo yoKhuselo lweNtlalo-ntle yezentlalo izakuncitshiswa ngabangeni bangama-2030 ukuba akukho tshintsho lwezentengiselwano yemali, apho kufuneka kunyuswe malunga nama-23% enqamlezweni. Abenzi bemithetho baye bacebisa iingcawa yerhafu, ukunyuka kwemali epheleleyo yokuhlala umhlala phantsi, ukuhlaliswa kwemali ehlawulwa ngokunyuka kwengeniso ephezulu (ukuhla kweminyaka emalunga-2030) okanye ukunyuswa kweminye i-okanye nezixandulo yemeko yobu nyaka emitsha. Be

Imigaqo Yexesha Elizayo Kumthetho Wetyala

Xa zikhangela phambili, iziwiso-mthetho ziza kuqhubeka zizama ukumelana nendlela yokulungelelanisa iinjongo ezikhuphisanayo zokunika ingeniso ekhuselekileyo yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi, ukugcina iinkqubo zinokufumaneka kubaqeshwa nakubaqeshi, nokuhlonela ukhuseleko olusemthethweni lwengenelo ezizinikiweyo. Izimo eziliqela zisenokuyibumba imithetho yexesha elizayo:

  • [[UMTHO: 0] Ubhaliso oluzenzekelayo nonyuso: Ukwakha kwiSEKRAS 2.0, imithetho emininzi ingafuna okanye ikhuthaze ukubhalisa okuzenzekelayo kwizicwangciso zogcino-mali zomhlala-phantsi, kunye nonyuko oluzenzekelayo oludityaniswe kunyuko lomvuzo.
  • Iinkqubo zemo yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi ezifunyenweyo: Iimeko ezininzi zingalandela ezo zenzile iinkqubo ze-IRA zengingqi yephondo zabasebenzi abangakhange bacebe ngeplani yabaqeshi. Ezi nkqubo zingaguqula zibe ziinkqubo ze-projects ezineziphekepheke ezisemva.
  • Utshintsho lokhuseleko lobunyani: xa inikwe umhla wokuphela kwentlawulo yokuthembeka, iBhunga liza kugqithisa ipakethi yotshintsho kwishumi leminyaka elizayo. Iimeko ezinokwenzeka ziquka ukunyusa umhlala-phantsi opheleleyo ukuya kutsho kuma-69 okanye 70, ukwandisa isiseko serhafu, kunye nokwamkela indlela eqhubekekayo yokungenelwa.
  • Ukuhlanganisana kwe-Pinean kunye nolwabelo lomngcipheko: Amanye amazwe, anjenge Rhode Island neKentucky, afake iiplani ezininzi ezincinane zempesheni kwiinkqubo ezinkulu zokunciphisa iindleko nomngcipheko wotyalo-mali. Ezinye zingaqala ngokudala iimodeli ze-riski ezahlulweyo ezifana neendlela zobuDatshi okanye zaseKhanada, apho iingenelo zithenjiswa ngokusebenza kwemali.
  • [[NKQUBO:0] Inkcazo yezemfundo, yentlalo, kunye neMigaqo (EG): Imithetho iya iphikisana kakhulu ukuba ngaba imali yomhlala-phantsi ifanele iqwalasele oothunywashe be-ESG kwizigqibo zotyalo-mali. Amanye amazwe, njengo Florida, adlulise imithetho ethintele ukuqwalaselwa kwe-ESG, ngelinye ixesha, njengeKhalifoniya, iya kubakhuthaza. Le ngxoxo iyakuchaphazela ukubuya ixesha elide nokuzinza kwemali yomhlala-mali.

Isiphelo

Imithetho edluliselwa yizindlu zowiso-mthetho ingumzabalazo wenkqubo yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kunye nomhlala-phantsi oxhomekeke kuyo izigidi zabantu baseMerika. Ukusukela kuMthetho woKhuseleko lweNtlalo-ntle ka-1935 ukuya kuMgaqo-nkqubo we-SECURE 2.0 wonyaka wama-2022, icandelo ngalinye lomthetho liyilungise kwakhona indlela abasebenzi abanokulondolozwa ngayo, indlela abangenelwa ngayo, nendlela iingozi ezihlawulwa ngayo, nendlela ezithe zasasazwa ngayo kwizizukulwana. Njengoko ukutshintsha kwamanani abantu, izithuba zemali ziqhubeka, kwaye ukugada kwabahlayo kuya kuba ngumba ongxamiseko, ukuthelekisa umgangatho wolawulo nomgangatho wedemokhrasi kuza kuqhubeka kusebenza indima ebalulekileyo eqinisekisa enoba abarhoxiweyo banokufumana namaxabiso emalini abo bawufumana nawa yimiqatha. Ukuqonda ezi nkqubo zomthetho womthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho kunye neempembelelo zabo zinika amandla abo bafanele ukuxhasa imigaqo yokuzinzibo.