Indlela Imithetho Ekhusela Ngayo Amalungelo Akho Njengommi: Ukhokelo Olufanelekileyo

Imithetho yakha isiseko sebutho labantu elisesikweni nelilungeleleneyo, elisebenza njengendlela yokuqala apho amalungelo abemi ekhuselwayo kwaye elondolozwa khona. Ukusuka kwixesha lokuvuka ekuseni ukuya kwixesha oya kulo ebusuku, ukhuseleko olusemthethweni olukungqongileyo, ukukhusela inkululeko yakho, ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa kakuhle, nokuseka imida ethintela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwegunya. Ukuqonda indlela imithetho esebenza ngayo ukukhusela amalungelo akho akuyo nje inkqubo yemfundo yolwazi engundoqo ekukunika amandla okuqhuba ibutho labantu ngokuqiniseka, ukuqaphela xa amalungelo akho ephulwa, nokuthatha inyathelo elifanelekileyo lokuwakhusela.

Ulwalamano phakathi kwemithetho namalungelo omntu ngamnye luntsonkothile yaye luneembono ezininzi, luquka ukhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko, imimiselo yemithetho engokwasemthethweni, iinkcazelo zomthetho, kunye neenkqubo zokunyanzelisa. Olu khokelo lunentsingiselo luhlolisisa iindlela ezintsonkothileyo ezikhuselwe ngazo amalungelo asemthethweni, indaleko engokwembali yala malungelo aqinisekisiweyo phantsi komthetho, namanyathelo asebenzayo onokuwathabatha ukuqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo akho ayahlonelwa kwaye axhaswa.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko samalungelo abami

UMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States usebenza njengomthetho ophakamileyo welizwe, umisela isiseko sokukhusela amalungelo omntu ngamnye nxamnye nokuphamba kukarhulumente. Ukhuseleko olungundoqo lwenkululeko yomntu ngamnye alukho kumGaqo-siseko ngokwawo, kodwa utshintsho lokuqala olulishumi, olubizwa ngokuba yiBhili yamaLungelo. UJames Madison wabhala intengiselwano njengesicombululo sokulinganisela igunya likarhulumente nokukhusela inkululeko yabantu ngabanye ngomGaqo-siseko.

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokwahlulwa, iingxube zowiso-mthetho ezininzi zavakalisa inkxalabo ngokungabikho kokhuseleko lwenkululeko yomntu ngamnye. Ekuphenduleni, iBhunga lokuqala ladlulisela iinguquko ezilishumi elinesibini kumGaqo-siseko, ezilishumi zezi zinto zavunywa ngamaphondo zaza zabizwa njengeSiko samaLungelo. Ezi zindululo zazingezozimbo zomfuziselo kuphela kodwa zazimela ukuzinikela okusisiseko ekunciphiseni amandla karhulumente nokuqinisekisa ukuba inkululeko nganye iya kukhuselwa izizukulwana ezizayo.

IBhili yamaLungelo: Ilayini Yakho Yokuqala Yokhuselo

IBhili yamaLungelo iquka ukubuyiselwa komthetho kokuqala okulishumi, ngamnye wenzelwe ukukhusela iinkalo ezithile zenkululeko yomntu ngamnye. Ezi zikhuseli ziquka inkululeko yonqulo, yokuthetha, yokushicilela, neyokuhlanganisa; ilungelo lokuphatha izixhobo; ukhuseleko ekuphandeni nokuxhuzula okungekho ngqiqweni; ilungelo lokukhusela kwinkqubo efunekayo yomthetho; ukukhusela ekuzibekeni umvandezelo; ilungelo lokuvavanywa ngokukhawuleza nakuluntu; ilungelo lokuvavanywa ngabachopheli-tyala kwiimeko zamakhaya; ukukhuselwa kwinkohlakalo nesohlwayo esingaqhelekanga; nokuqwalaselwa kokungalinganiyo namalungelo abantu emGathweni.

IBhili yamaLungelo ikhusela inkululeko yabantu ngokuchaza ngokucacileyo amalungelo abantu kunye nokumisela ulawulo lukarhulumente. Lo msebenzi udityanisiweyo qha ukunika amalungelo nokulinganisela amandla, kwaye umisela ikhusi elikhusela inkululeko yomntu ngamnye eye yanyamezela ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini.

IsiHlomelo Seshumi Eline Nokhuseleko Olulinganayo

Ngoxa iBhili yamaLungelo yasekwa ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo nxamnye nokuphandwa ngurhulumente, ekuqaleni ayisebenzanga koorhulumente bakarhulumente. Oku kwaguquka ngokuphawulekayo ngokudityaniswa koMphetho-mbongo weshumi elinesine emva kweMfazwe yamakhaya. Emva kweMfazwe yamakhaya, iBhunga lanikezela kumaphondo iinguquko ezintathu njengenxalenye yenkqubo yalo yokulungisa amalungelo alinganayo nasemthethweni kubemi abamnyama.

Ingxelo ethi "kunye naliphi na ilizwe liya kumhlutha nabani na ubomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla, ngaphandle kwenkqubo efanelekileyo yomthetho; okanye likhanye nabani na okwigunya layo ukhuseleko olulinganayo lwemithetho" yayithetha ilungelo lokufumana inkqubo efanelekileyo yomthetho kunye nokhuseleko olulinganayo lomthetho olusetyenziswayo ngoku kurhulumente worhulumente worhulumente. Olu lwandiso khuseleko lomgaqo-siseko ngoku luguqule ulwalamano phakathi kwabemi noorhulumente babo, luqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo asisiseko aya kukhuselwa kuyo yonke imigangatho karhulumente.

Elona binzana lisetyenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseni lingu "ukhuseleko olulinganayo lwemithetho", olubala kakhulu kwiimeko ezininzi eziphawula izinto, kuquka iBrown v. Board of Education (ucalucalulo), Roe v. Wade (ukwahlula kwakhona), Bush. Gore (unyulo olubhaliweyo), Reed v. Reed (ucalucalucalulo), kunye neYunivesithi yaseKhalifoniya. Bakke (uluhlu lwemiqathango yemfundo).

Imfundiso yoNxulumaniso: Ukwandiswa koKhuselo lweNkxaso kwizenzo zikaRhulumente

Inkundla yamkela indlela yokukhetha "ukuququzelela" phantsi kwenkqubo efunekayo yolwahlulo. Ukususela ngo-1897 iNkundla iye yathi ukhuseleko oluthile lweBhili yamaLungelo lubaluleke kakhulu, kangangokuba xa urhulumente eyikhanyela "inkqubo yomthetho engaphambili" eqinisekiswe kukuHlaziselwa kweNguqulo yeshumi elinesine. Ngolu hlobo lwemfundiso yokuqulunqiswa, uninzi lwezikhuseli kuRhulumente yamaLungelo luye lwasetyenziswa kurhulumente nakoorhulumente basekuhlaleni, iqinisekisa ukuba abemi bayazifumana iinqobo ezizinzo ezizinzileyo kungakhathaliseki ukuba basebenzisa wuphi umgangatho karhulumente wabo.

Amalungelo Asisiseko Akhuselwa Ngumthetho

Imithetho ikhusela uludwe lwamalungelo achaphazela phantse zonke iinkalo zobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukuqonda la malungelo linyathelo lokuqala lokuqinisekisa ukuba ayahlonelwa yaye ayanyanzeleka.

Inkululeko Yokuthetha Nentetho

Ukhuseleko loMphetho wokuqala wokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo lumi njengenye yamalungelo anconywayo nasoloko ecelwa kumthetho waseMelika. Olu khuselo ludlulela ngaphaya kwamandla akho okuthetha ingqondo yakho, qhatha, intetho yobugcisa, intetho yokomfuziselo, kunye nezinye iintlobo zentetho yezorhwebo. Imithetho ithintela urhulumente ekucutheni intetho esekelwe kwizinto eziqulethwe nguwo okanye kwiimbono zayo, iqinisekisa ukuba abemi bangagxeka urhulumente wabo, bavakalise iimbono ezingathandwayo, kwaye babandakanye nengxoxo kawonke-wonke ngaphandle kokoyika impindezelo.

Noko ke, inkululeko yokuthetha ayiphelelanga. Imithetho iyaziqaphela iindidi ezithile zentetho ezifumana ikhuselo elilinganiselweyo okanye ezingakhuselwanga, kuquka izisongelo zokwenene, ukuphenjelelwa kwisenzo esimandundu esisondeleyo solwaphulo-mthetho, ukunyeliswa, ubunyhukunyhuku, kunye nokuqhatha. Le miqathango ibonisa ulungelelwano olumele lubekho phakathi kokukhusela intetho yomntu ngamnye nokuthintela ukwenzakalisa abanye.

Inkululeko Yonqulo

Inkululeko yonqulo iquka izinto ezimbini ezihlukeneyo kodwa ezinxulumeneyo: ukumiselwa kukaClaus, okuthintela urhulumente ekumiseni unqulo olusemthethweni okanye ekukhetheni olunye unqulo ngaphezu kolunye, kunye neFree Execle Claus, ekhusela amalungelo abantu okuqhelisela unqulo lwabo ngaphandle kokungenelela kukarhulumente.

Kwakhona imithetho ikhusela imibutho yonqulo kwiindlela ezithile zolawulo lukarhulumente ize inike abantu indawo yokuhlala kwizinto zonqulo ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka umsebenzi, imfundo nenkonzo yasemkhosini.

Ndinelungelo Lokuzifihla

Nangona igama elithi "prigacy" lingaveli kumGaqo-siseko, iinkundla ziye zaqonda ukuba iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomGaqo-siseko zidala iindawo zobuqu ezikhusela abantu ekungeneleni korhulumente. Imithetho ilawula indlela abameli bakarhulumente abanokuqokelela, basebenzise baze babelane ngenkcazelo yobuqu. Zimisela iimfuno zokufuna imvume yokuphengulula, zikhusele ukhuseleko lonxibelelwano, kunye nokunciphisa imisebenzi yokuhlola.

Kule nkathi yamanani, ukhuseleko lwemfihlo luye lwanda ukulungiselela ubugcisa obutsha kunye nokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi. Ngoku imithetho ilawula indlela iinkampani ezinokuqokelela nokusebenzisa ngayo ugcino-lwazi, zifune ukuphawulwa ngolwazi oluchaphazelekayo, zize zinike abantu amalungelo athile okufikelela nokulawula inkcazelo yabo. Ezi zinto zikhuselwayo zibonisa ucelomngeni oluqhubekayo lokuvumelanisa imigaqo engokwesithethe nezobugcisa ezintsha.

Ukufanelekela Inkqubela Nokuvavanywa Okufanelekileyo

Ilungelo lenkqubo efanelekileyo limela enye yezona ndlela zisisiseko zokukhusela kwinkqubo yomthetho. I-Acts Procession Claus ye-14th Amendment ngumthombo wamalungelo omGaqo-siseko, kuquka ukhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko, olufana nesaziso kunye nokuchotshelwa kwemithetho esemthethweni phambi kokupheliswa kwetyala elifana ne-inshorensi yezonyango ebhaliswe ngokuphandle; amalungelo omntu ngamnye adweliswe kwiBhili yamaLungelo, kuquka inkululeko yokuthetha, ukuqhelisela unqulo ngokukhululekile, ilungelo lokuphatha izixhobo, kunye neendidi lwenkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho.

Kwiimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho, ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo lunamandla ngokukhethekileyo. Abantu abanakuvavanywa ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu lukarhulumente ngaphandle kokubekwa amatyala okanye esinye isityholo esisemthethweni esibekwa kubo liqela labemi abaziwa ngokuba lityala elikhulu. Ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo luquka ilungelo lokuxelelwa izityholo, ilungelo lokujamelana namangqina, ilungelo lokunyanzela amangqina ukuba anikele ubungqina ngawe, ilungelo lokunikela isiluleko esisemthethweni, ukukhusela kwiingozi eziphindiweyo, kunye nokubekwa kwetyala.

Bonke abantu abatyholwayo abanatyala de bamangalelwe okanye bagwetywe benetyala ngokungenakuphikiswa enkundleni. Lo mgaqo usisiseko uqinisekisa ukuba umthwalo wobungqina uxhomekeke kurhulumente yaye abantu abasohlwaywa ngaphandle kobungqina obuqinisekileyo betyala labo.

Inkululeko Yendibano Nesibongozo

UHlomelo Lokuqala alukhuseli nje kuphela imbonakalo yomntu ngamnye kodwa lukwasisenzo esimanyeneyo. Abami banelungelo lokuhlanganisana ngoxolo, ukuqhatha iinkqubo zikarhulumente, ukudibanisa, nokucela urhulumente ukuba alungise izikhalazo. La malungelo ayimfuneko kulawulo lwedemokhrasi, anceda abemi ukuba balungelelanise, bamele baphendule, baze bagcine urhulumente wabo ebeke ityala.

Imithetho ikhusela abaqhankqalazi abanoxolo ekuziphindezeleni kukarhulumente ngoxa imisela nemithetho elungeleleneyo, elungelelanisa ixesha, indawo, nendlela yokuhlanganisana ngokukhululekileyo kunye nokhuseleko nocwangco lukawonke-wonke.

Amalungelo

Ummi ngamnye ofanelekayo unelungelo lokufaka ivoti ngokukhululekileyo, ngokusesikweni nangokungenalusini — ngaphandle koloyiko lokuqhathwa okanye ukoyikiswa.

Ukupheliswa koMgaqo-siseko nemithetho karhulumente iyaluthintela ucalucalulo ekuvotelweni okusekelwe kuhlanga, imibala, imeko yangaphambili yobukhoboka, isini, kunye nobudala (kubemi beminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo nangaphezulu). Imithetho ikwakhusela amalungelo okuvota abemi abaneziphene, amalungu enkonzo yasemkhosini, namalungu amancinane olwimi.

Imithetho Yamalungelo Abantu: Ukukhusela Ucalucalulo

Ngaphandle kokhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko, imithetho yamalungelo abantu karhulumente neyasekuhlaleni inikela inkxaso eninzi nxamnye nocalucalulo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Amalungelo oluntu asemthethweni alungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu baphathwa ngokulinganayo kwaye bakhuselwe ekucalulweni. La malungelo awaveli kumthetho omnye kodwa asekelwe kwimithetho eyahlukahlukeneyo ekhutshwayo yomgaqo-siseko egqugqisa imisebenzi ethile, enjengovota, ukusebenza, okanye ukufumana ikhaya.

UMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1964

UMthetho waMalungelo oMsebenzi ka-1943 walwalela ucalucalulo lwalo naluphi na uhlobo olusekelwe kwisiseko sohlanga, ibala, unqulo, isini, okanye imvelaphi yesizwe. Lo mthetho ubalaseleyo waguqula ibutho labantu baseMerika ngokuyekisa ucalucalulo kwiindawo zoluntu, umsebenzi, imfundo, neenkqubo ezihlawulwa ngurhulumente.

Isihloko se-VII soMthetho wamaLungelo oMgaqo-nkqubo we-Civil Rights sithetha ngokungqalileyo ngocalucalulo lwemisebenzi, ukuthintela abaqeshi abagqunywe ngemiqathango ekhuselweyo esekelwe kwiimpawu ezikhuselekileyo zokuqeshwa, ukudubula, ukunyuselwa, imbuyiselo, nezinye iimfuno kunye neemeko zengqesho. Olu khuselo lutolikiwe ukugubungela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zocalucalulo, kuquka ukuphathwa ngendlela engalinganiyo, ukuhlulwa kweziphumo ezinokuchaphazelelwa ngokwentlalo, nokukhathazwa.

Ukukhubazeka

Imithetho yamalungelo ekhubazeko lomanyano ikhusela abantu abaneziphene abajongene nocalucalulo, ukwahlukana, kunye nokukhutshwa. UMthetho (ADA) waseMerika oneziphene unikela ukhuseleko oluthe chatha ngokufuna amathuba alinganayo kubantu abaneziphene. Lo mthetho uquka iindawo eziliqela, kuquka imisebenzi, iinkonzo zikarhulumente, kunye neendawo zokuhlala zikawonke-wonke. Iqinisekisa ukuba abantu abaneziphene bayakwazi ukufikelela kubomi obufanayo nobonke abantu, ngokufuthi befuna amashishini neeofisi zikarhulumente ukwenza iinguqulelo ezifanelekileyo kwizakhiwo zabo okanye kwimigaqo yabo.

Ukhuseleko lwe-ADA ludlulela kufikelelo lomzimba, iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo emsebenzini, unxibelelwano olunempumelelo, kunye nokufikelela kwimpahla neenkonzo ezifanayo. Ezi mfuneko ziyaqonda ukuba ukulingana kokwenene kudla ngokufuna amanyathelo okuvuma ukususwa kwemiqobo nokuqinisekisa ukuba nenxaxheba enentsingiselo.

Imigaqo-nkqubo

I-Fair Howard Act iyalwalela ucalucalulo olukwizindlu ezisekelwe kuhlanga, imibala, imvelaphi yesizwe, unqulo, isini, isikhundla sobufazi, kunye neziphene. Oku kukhusela kubandakanya ukuthengiswa, ukuqeshwa, kunye nokuxhaswa kwezindlu, kwakunye neminye imisebenzi enxulumene nezindlu. Imithetho iyalwalela uqheliselo olufana nokungavumi ukuqesha okanye ukuthengisa kumalungu amaqela akhuselweyo, ukumisela iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo okanye iimeko, ukulungiselela iinkonzo okanye izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokuqhubela abantu kwimimandla ethile esekelwe kwimibango ekhuselekileyo okanye kude.

Ukuthabatha Amathuba Okufumana Ityala Alinganayo

Ucalucalulo lwezemali lungawanciphisa kakhulu amathuba abantu abanawo kunye nokuhamba-hamba kwezoqoqosho. UMthetho weSibonelelo esilinganayo uthintela abo batyala ityala ekukhetheni abantu ngenxa yobuhlanga, ibala, unqulo, imvelaphi yesizwe, isini, imo yomtshato, ubudala, okanye ngenxa yokuba ubani efumana uncedo lukawonke-wonke. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zokutyala zisekelwe ekufanelekeni kwetyala kunokuba zithintelwe, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukufikelela ngokufanelekileyo kwimali.

Indlela Imithetho Enyanzelwa Ngayo Ukukhusela Amalungelo Akho

Ukuba namalungelo abhaliweyo akuthethi ukuba asetyenziswa ngendlela esebenzayo. Inkqubo yomthetho isebenzisa iindlela ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo ayahlonelwa yaye kuyathethwa ngokuphulwa.

Ingqwalaselo ephambili yeNkundla

Iinkundla zinendima ephambili ekukhuseleni amalungelo abantu ngokutolikeni imiqathango yomgaqo-siseko kunye nemithetho, ngokuhlola izenzo zikarhulumente zokuthobela iimfuno zomthetho, nokunika iingxelo xa amalungelo ephulwa. Ngoncedo lokuhlola isigwebo, iinkundla zinokuwisa imithetho nezenzo zikarhulumente ezichasene namalungelo omgaqo-siseko, ziqinisekisa ukuba kwanamanyathelo athandwayo amele ahambelane nemigaqo esisiseko.

Xa abantu bekholelwa ukuba amalungelo abo aphulwe, banokubhala iinkundla ezifuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhululeka, kuquka imithetho yokuphelisa ukwaphula umthetho okuqhubekayo, ukuhlawuliswa kwezono ngenxa yengozi eyenzekayo, kunye nezigwebo ezihlab ’ ityala ezicacisa amalungelo asemthethweni neembopheleleko. Iinkundla zinikela ubundilele apho abantu banokucel ’ umngeni amaziko anamandla baze bafune ukuthethelelwa amalungelo abo.

Ukhuthuzo lwamalungelo asekuhlaleni

ISivumelwano saMalungelo esikwisiZwe sinembopheleleko yokunyanzelisa yonke imimiselo yamalungelo abantu baseburhulumenteni, ngaphandle kwemibandela ethile yolwaphulo-mthetho eyabelwe iSigqeba sokwaphula umthetho. I-Civil Rights Division of the Department of the Justice, eyasungulwa ngo-1957 ngokumiswa koMthetho wamaLungelo kaCivil ka-1957, isebenzela ukuxhasa amalungelo abo bonke abantu baseUnited States, ingakumbi amanye amalungu angoyena ungxwelerhekatyo kwibutho lethu.

Ukususela kwimihla yakudala, iFBI iye yanceda ekukhuseleni amalungelo abantu baseMerika, kwaye ihlala yenye yezinto eziphambili zeBreau. Isebenzisa zonke iinkcubeko zayo namandla obuchule, iSebe lisebenza ngokusondeleyo namaqabane alo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukukhusela nokuthetha ngolwaphulo-mthetho lwentiyo, umbala wokwaphulwa komthetho, nenkululeko yokufikelela kwiClinic Entrances (FACE).

Imigudu yokwalathisa imigaqo-nkqubo iquka ukuphanda izikhalazo, ukumangalela abo baphula umthetho, ukugweba ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo olwaphulo-mthetho, nokusebenza norhulumente namaqabane asekuhlaleni ukucombulula iingxaki zenkqubo. Amaqumrhu oManyano-mkhosi amangalela abantu okanye imibutho echaphazelisa imithetho yamalungelo abantu, kunye nabemi banokunceda lo msebenzi ngokuchaza ukuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu nge-intanethi.

Imicimbi yolawulo nonyanzelo

Imibutho emininzi yasekuhlaleni inyanzelisa imithetho yamalungelo abantu ngokwemithetho yabo. I-Aumedial Opportunity Commission inyanzelisa imithetho eyahlukahlukeneyo karhulumente ekwalela ukuba abantu bangabi nalucalucalulo emsebenzini ngenxa yobuhlanga, ibala, isini, unqulo, imvelaphi yobuzwe, ubudala, okanye ukukhubazeka. Inkcaso yabaqeshi nabaqeshi abali-15 okanye abangaphezulu iyavalwa kuzo zonke iinkalo zokuqeshwa nokuqeshwa.

I-Ofisi yaMalungelo e-Civil Common (OCR) ijongene nokumiswa kwemithetho elawula amalungelo abantu esebenza kumamkeli enkxaso yemali evela kwiSebe lezeMpilo neSebe loLuntu lase-U. Le mithetho iyalwalela ucalucalulo ngenxa yobuhlanga, imibala, imvelaphi yobuzwe, ubulwelwe, ubudala, isini okanye unqulo.

Aba basemagunyeni baphanda ngezikhalazo, baqhuba iingcinga zokuthobela, banikela uncedo lobugcisa, baze benze izinto eziyimfuneko xa kufunyenwe ukwaphulwa.

Unyanzelo lweRhulumente noLongce

Wonke umntu eWashington unamalungelo asekuhlaleni. Kukho imithetho karhulumente, karhulumente, kunye neyasekuhlaleni ekhusela amalungelo ethu okuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo, kuquka umsebenzi, indawo yokuhlala, imfundo, ukuvota, i-inshorensi, ityala, nendawo yokuhlala kawonke-wonke. Amazwe amaninzi anemithetho yamalungelo abantu ekhusela ngaphaya kwalawo afunwa ngumthetho, kwaye amagqwetha asekuhlaleni asebenza indima ebalulekileyo ekunyanzeleni ezi nkuselo.

Imigudu yokunyanzelisa ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu karhulumente isoloko ithetha ngeembambano zasekuhlaleni nezixhalabisayo ezisenokunganyuki zize zifikelele kumgangatho wokungenelela korhulumente.

Ukwaphulwa Kombala

Ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwegunya kuyimfuneko ngokufanayo kwimpilo yedemokhrasi yesizwe sethu. Kungoko kungumthetho karhulumente ukuba nabani na asebenzise isikhundla sakhe ukurhoxisa okanye ukuceba ukurhoxisa umntu ilungelo elikhuselwe nguMgaqo-siseko okanye umthetho wase-U.S.

Imibala yokwaphulwa komthetho iyenzeka xa amagosa karhulumente esebenzisa kakubi igunya lawo lokuchasa amalungelo omgaqo-siseko. Oku kuqhekezwa kusenokuquka ukunyanzelisa, ukuphanda okungekho mthethweni nokuxhuzula, ukubanjwa ngokungeyonyaniso, ukuhlaselwa ngokwesini, nokusilela ukukhusela abantu kwingozi. Amagosa agunyazisa ulwaphulo-mthetho anokuwaphendulisa amagosa asebenzisa kakubi igunya lawo.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Okukhusela Amalungelo Akho

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho linyathelo lokuqala kuphela, kufuneka ukwazi ukuwasebenzisa nokuwakhusela xa kuyimfuneko. Wonke umntu unamalungelo asisiseko phantsi komGaqo-siseko wase-United States kunye nemithetho yamalungelo abantu. Funda okungakumbi apha ngoko kukuthi ngamalungelo akho, indlela yokuwasebenzisa, noko umele ukwenze xa amalungelo akho ephulwa.

Wazi Amalungelo Akho

Isiseko sokukhusela amalungelo akho kukuqonda oko akuko. Zifundise ngokukhusela umGaqo-siseko, imithetho yamalungelo abantu, namalungelo akhethekileyo asebenza kwimeko-bume asenokukufumana, njengokunxibelelana nomthetho, iimeko emsebenzini, imicimbi yezindlu, kunye nezicwangciso zemfundo. Zininzi izinto ezikhoyo ukukunceda uqonde amalungelo akho, kuquka iiwebhsayithi zikarhulumente, imibutho yamalungelo abantu, kunye neentlalo yoncedo olusemthethweni.

Zigcine wazi ngeenguqu kumthetho kunye neenkcazelo ezintsha zokhuseleko ezikhoyo. Amalungelo asemthethweni aguquka ngomthetho, izigqibo zenkundla, kunye neenguqu eziqhubekayo, ngoko imfundo eqhubekayo ibalulekile ukuze uhlale uziphaphele iinkuselo zakho.

Phendla InjiniName

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe, uxwebhu olucokisekileyo lubalulekile. Gcina iingxelo ezineenkcukacha zento eyenzekayo, kuquka imihla, amaxesha, iindawo, kunye namagama kunye nolwazi loqhagamshelana namangqina. Gcina amaxwebhu anxulumeneyo, ii-imeyili, imiyalezo yokubhaliweyo, kunye nobunye ubungqina. Thatha iifoto okanye iividiyo xa kufanelekile kwaye kusemthethweni ukwenza njalo. Olu xwebhu luzakuba luxabiseke kakhulu ukuba ufuna uku bhala isikhalazo okanye uphunyeze isenzo esisemthethweni.

Yenza udweliso lweziganeko ze ubhale phantsi inkumbulo yakho yoko kwenzeke ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka xa iinkcukacha zisanda kwinkumbulo yakho. Okukhona uxwebhu lwakho lunakomelela, kokukhona indawo yakho iza kuba yeyomeleleyo ukuba ufuna ukuqinisekisa amalungelo akho.

Izikhalazo Zefayile Ezineenjongo Ezifanelekileyo

Xa amalungelo akho ephulwa, ukufaki ityala kwisebe elifanelekileyo lokunyanzelisa abanyanzeli kudla ngokuba linyathelo elibalulekileyo. Amasebe awahlukeneyo asingatha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokwaphula umthetho, ngoko kubalulekile ukubhekisa isikhalazo sakho kwindawo efanelekileyo. Kwi-Active Process Opportive Commission Commission. Kwicandelo lezezindlu, nxibelelana neSebe lezeNdlukwano ne-Urban Development.

Xa ugqiba ukusebenzisa i - Internet, uyakwazi ukuchaza iinkcukacha esizifunayo ukuze siqonde oko kwenzekayo.

Funa Uncedo Lwasemthethweni

Xa ujongene nokuphulwa okunzulu kwamalungelo, ukudibana negqwetha elinolwazi ngamalungelo abantu okanye indawo enxulumene nomthetho kunokuba luncedo kakhulu. IiAttorney zinokukunceda uqonde ukhetho lwakho olusemthethweni, imigaqo entsonkothileyo, ukuncokola namaqela aphikisanayo, kwaye zikumela enkundleni ukuba kuyimfuneko. Imibutho emininzi yamalungelo abantu inikela uncedo olusemthethweni ngesisa okanye oluphantsi kubantu abamalungelo abo aphulweyo.

Iinkonzo zoncedo ezisemthethweni, iinkqubo ze-probono, kunye neekliniki zamalungelo abantu kwizikolo zomthetho zinganika uncedo. Musa ukuvumela inkxalabo yemali ikuthintele ekufuneni icebiso elingokwasemthethweni, “‘ oovimba abaninzi bakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu unokufikelela kwimimiselo esemthethweni xa amalungelo akhe esengozini.

Sebenzisa Amalungelo Akho Ngentlonelo Kodwa Ngokuqinileyo

Xa uqinisekisa amalungelo akho, yenza oku ngokucacileyo nangentlonelo. Ungawamela amalungelo akho ngaphandle kokuxabana okanye ukulwa. Yichazele ngokuzolileyo nangokucacileyo indawo yakho, chaza amalungelo owafumanayo xa kufanelekile, uze ubhale indlela osebenza ngayo. Ukuba uqhubana nomthetho okanye amagosa karhulumente, thobela imithetho esemthethweni ngoxa uchaza ngokucacileyo ukuba uyawakholelwa amalungelo akho aphulwayo.

Khumbula ukuba ukuqinisekisa amalungelo akho akungokuzikhusela kuphela, kukwanceda ekumiseleni abanye imizekelo nezokhuseleko. Xa umela amalungelo akho, unegalelo ekuhlonelweni kokhuseleko olusemthethweni kwaye unceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba la malungelo ahlala enentsingiselo kwaye eluncedo.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kubomi BomGcino

Ukukhusela amalungelo asiyomigudu nje yomntu ngamnye, kodwa kufuneka kwenziwe kunye kunye kunye nokubotshwa kwemvume yentlalo. Ukusebenza kunyulo kuwo onke amanqanaba karhulumente, njengoko amagosa anyuliweyo enza izigqibo ezichaphazela amalungelo akho. Xhumana nabameli bakho ngemibandela ebaluleke kuwe. Ukuba nenxaxheba kwimibhiyozo nemiboniso yoxolo. Inkxaso yemibutho esebenzela ukukhusela amalungelo oluntu nenkululeko.

Khokela kwijaji xa ibizwa, njengenkonzo yabachopheli-tyala yindlela ebalulekileyo abemi abathabatha inxaxheba kuyo kwinkqubo yokusesikweni kwaye bancedise ekukhuseleni amalungelo abo. Fundisa abanye ngamalungelo abo nangokubaluleka kokuwakhusela. Ngokuba nenxaxheba kubomi boluntu, unceda ekuqiniseni izakhiwo ezisemthethweni nezentlalo ezikhusela amalungelo abo bonke abantu.

Ukhuseleko Olukhethekileyo Kubemi Abaneendleko Ezininzi

Imithetho ikhusela abantu abathile abaye bajamelana nocalucalulo ngokwembali okanye abachanabeke ngokukhethekileyo ekuphulweni kwamalungelo.

Amalungelo Abantwana

Abantwana banandipha amalungelo amaninzi afanayo omgaqo-siseko nabantu abadala, nangona la malungelo enokulinganiswa nxamnye nomdla karhulumente wokukhusela intlalo-ntle yabantwana kunye namalungelo abazali ukukhokela abantwana babo. Imithetho ikhusela abantwana ekuxhatshazweni nasekutyeshelweni, iqinisekisa ukufikelela kwimfundo, ukusetyenziswa kwabantwana, kunye nokuseka iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokulungisa imilinganiselo yolutsha ekwaziyo ukukhula nokulungisa izinto.

Amalungelo emfundo abaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kubantwana, ngemithetho eqinisekisa ukufikelela kwimfundo karhulumente yamahala, ukukhusela abafundi abaneziphene, kunye nokukhusela abantwana abanocalucalulo nokukhathazwa ezikolweni.

Amalungelo Abaphambukeli

Nangona amanye amalungelo edityaniswe ngokukhethekileyo nobumi, ukhuseleko oluninzi lomgaqo-siseko lusebenza kubo bonke abantu abahlala eUnited States, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bakwindawo enjani abafudukayo. Oku kuquka ukukhuselwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukukhuselwa ngendlela efanayo phantsi komthetho, namalungelo amaninzi okuQala uLawulo. IMithetho ikwanikela ukhuseleko olukhethekileyo kwiindidi ezithile zabaphambukeli, kuquka iimbacu, abafuni beekhusi, namaxhoba okurhwebela okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho oluthile.

Umthetho wokurhoxa kuntsonkothile yaye usoloko ucombulula iingxaki, nto leyo eyenza kube yimfuneko ngokukhethekileyo ukuba abaphambukeli bawaqonde amalungelo abo baze bafune uncedo olufanelekileyo olungokwasemthethweni xa kuthethwa ngetyala lokufuduka okanye eminye imibandela engokwasemthethweni.

Amalungelo Abantu Abangaqalwanga

Ukungangeni kwemvume akuwakhuphi onke amalungelo omgaqo-siseko. Amabanjwa agcina iinkuselo ezithile, kuquka inkululeko kwisohlwayo senkohlakalo nesingaqhelekanga, ukufikelela kwiinkundla, ukukhuselwa kwenkululeko yonqulo, kunye nenkqubo efanelekileyo yokunikwa imiyalelo. Abantu ababanjiweyo banelungelo lonyango kwiimfuno ezinzulu zezonyango. Igosa elisebenza phantsi komthetho elibona ukuba kukho imfuneko enzulu yezonyango, kodwa limele ukuba liyala okanye lithintele ukufikelela ekunyanyeni kwezonyango.

Kwakhona imithetho ikhusela amabanjwa ekuwanyanzelweni, ekuhlaseleni ngokwesini nasekungazikhathaleleni ngengozi iimfuno ezinzulu zezonyango.

Ukudibanisa Amalungelo Neengxaki Zangaphambili

Njengoko ibutho labantu liguquka lize kuvela ubugcisa obutsha, inkqubo engokwasemthethweni kufuneka ilungelelanise ukukhusela amalungelo kwiimeko ezintsha ize icombulule ucelomngeni lwenoveli.

Ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi lwamanani

Iminyaka yamanani iye yadala ucelomngeni olungenakuthelekiswa nanto lwamalungelo obuqu. Imithetho ifuna ukucombulula imibandela enjenge-odolo karhulumente, ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi lweziko, ukulandelelwano kolwazi olukwi-intanethi, ukuphunyezwa kolwazi, nokusetyenziswa kobuchule bokuyila ekwenzeni izigqibo. Ezi zikhuseli zizama ukulungelelanisa izilangazelelo ezifanelekileyo kukhuseleko, kurhwebo, nokuphuhliswa kwamalungelo obuqu asisiseko kunye nemfuneko yokunqanda ucalucalulo nokuxhatshazwa.

Amalungelo amanani aquka ukufikelela nokulingana, njengoko i-intanethi ibalulekile kwibutho labantu namhlanje.

Okusesikweni Kwemeko - bume

Umthetho olawula imekobume uyaqonda ukuba ukonakaliswa kwemekobume kudla ngokuchaphazela ngokungenakulinganiswa nayiphi na intlalo yabantu ephantsi kwemilinganiselo esesikweni. Imithetho ethetha ngezobulungisa bemekobume ifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantu bakhuseleke ngokufanayo kwiingozi zemekobume, ukubandakanywa okunentsingiselo ekwenzeni izigqibo zemekobume, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobulungisa ekunyanzelweni kwemithetho yemekobume.

Ezi zixhobo zikhusela imekobume ziyaqonda ukuba ukuchanabeka kwemekobume kuchaphazela amalungelo asisiseko empilo, impahla nomgangatho wobomi, yaye imithwalo yemekobume ayifanele yabelwe ngenxa yobuhlanga, ingeniso okanye ezinye iimpawu ezikhuselweyo.

Amalungelo Emisebenzi Kwimibutho Yezoqoqosho

Ukunyuka komsebenzi nolwalamano lwemisebenzi olungelulo isithethe kuye kwadala imingeni yokukhusela amalungelo engqesho awayeyilelwe ulwalamano lomqeshi nomntu oqeshiweyo. Imithetho ifuna ukuphendula imibuzo malunga nolwahlulo lomsebénzi, iingenelo, ukukhusela ekucalucalulweni nasekugcunyisweni, kunye nokuqokelela amalungelo amaqela kule mibandela mitsha yemisebenzi.

Ezi ziphuhliso zibalaselisa imfuneko eqhubekayo yokuba iinkqubo ezisemthethweni ziqhelane nokutshintsha kwemeko yezoqoqosho nentlalo ngoxa zigcina izikhuseli ezingundoqo zamalungelo nesidima sabasebenzi.

Indima Yomthetho Wezizwe Ngezizwe Ekukhuseleni Amalungelo

Nangona umthetho wasekhaya unika isiseko esiyintloko sokukhusela amalungelo abemi, umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wamalungelo abantu ufeza indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni imilinganiselo nasekuphembeleleni ukhuseleko lwasekhaya.

Izivumelwano Zamalungelo Abantu Ehlabathi

IUnited States iye yavuma izivumelwano eziliqela zamalungelo abantu zamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka iZizwe Ezihlangeneyo Kumalungelo Oluntu Nawamapolitiki, iNdibano eChasanayo Nokuchana kweNtlanganiso, neNdibano yeZizwe Ngezizwe yokupheliswa Kwazo Zonke Iifomu Zocalulo Lobuhlanga. Nangona ezi zivumelwano zingawaniki ngokuzenzekelayo amalungelo anyanzelekayo kwiinkundla zasekuhlaleni, zimisela imilinganiselo yezizwe ngezizwe yaye zinokuphembelela ukucaciswa komthetho wekhaya.

Kwakhona umthetho wamalungelo abantu wamazwe ngamazwe unika isiseko sokuqonda amalungelo angaphaya kwemida yamazwe yaye ubonisa ukuvumelana kwehlabathi ngesidima esisisiseko somntu nokulingana.

ISindululo Sehlabathi Lonke Samalungelo Abantu

ISindululo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu, esamkelwa yiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngowe - 1948, sichaza umbono ocacileyo wamalungelo abantu oye waphembelela iinkqubo zomthetho ehlabathini lonke. Nangona singanyanzeliswanga ngokusemthethweni, esi Sindululo siye saguqula umthetho wamalungelo abantu ehlabathini lonke saza sakhuthaza amalungiselelo omgaqo - siseko kunye nomthetho okhusela amalungelo asisiseko.

Ukwamkelwa kwamalungelo afana nokukhululeka kubukhoboka nokuthuthunjiswa, ukulingana phambi komthetho, inkululeko yokucinga neyokuchaza, kunye nelungelo lemfundo kubonisa imilinganiselo yehlabathi lonke engaphaya kwenkcubeko yenkcubeko neyobuzwe.

Ukusikelwa Umda Wamalungelo Nokulungelelanisa Izinto

Ngoxa imithetho ikhusela amalungelo angakumbi, le migaqo ayiphelelanga. Ukuqonda imiqathango yamalungelo nendlela iinkundla ezilungelelanisa ngayo izilangazelelo ezikhuphisanayo kubalulekile ukuze kulindelwe izinto ezisengqiqweni ngokuphathelele ukukhuselwa ngokusemthethweni.

Izilangazelelo zikarhulumente kunye nolungelelwaniso

Iinkundla ziyaqonda ukuba maxa wambi urhulumente unokuthi abeke umda amalungelo xa kuyimfuneko ukukhonza izilangazelelo ezinyanzelisayo ezifana nokhuseleko lwesizwe, ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, okanye ukukhusela umonakalo kwabanye. Noko ke, imiqathango enjalo kufuneka ilungiswe ngokumngcipheko ukuze kufikelelwe injongo karhulumente kwaye akufunekanga ibe mikhulu kunemfuneko. Umgangatho weenkundla ezivavanyayo uxhomekeke kwindlela eliyiyo ilungelo elibandakanyekileyo nohlobo lommiselo omiselwe.

Amalungelo asisiseko afumana umgangatho ophezulu wokhuseleko, iinkundla ezifuna ukuba urhulumente abonise umdla onyanzelisayo kwaye asebenzise iindlela ezingqongqo kakhulu ukuze aphumeze injongo yakhe. Amanye amalungelo asenokufumana uhlolisiso oluphakathi okanye olufanelekileyo, kunye nemithwalo ephantsi kurhulumente ukuthethelela imiqathango.

Ukulungelelanisa Amalungelo Omntu Ngamnye Namalungelo Abanye

Maxa wambi amalungelo ayangqubana, kufuneka iinkundla zilungelelanise izilangazelelo ezikhuphisanayo. Umzekelo, amalungelo enkululeko yokuthetha asenokungqubana namalungelo obuqu, inkululeko yonqulo isenokungqubana nemithetho elwa nocalucalulo, kwaye amalungelo empahla asenokungqubana nezokhuseleko lwemeko-bume. Iinkundla kufuneka ziqwalasele ngenyameko ezi mpawu zikhuphisanayo, ziqwalasele indalo nokubaluleka kwelungelo ngalinye, umlinganiselo wokungavisisani, nokuba indawo yokuhlala inokukunciphisa kusini na ukungqubana phakathi kwazo.

Le miboniso ibonisa ukuba amalungelo akhoyo ngokwemeko entlalo apho abantu abaninzi bamele bahlalisane khona. Injongo kukuwakhusela ngokungakumbi onke amalungelo ngoxa uqonda ukuba ukhuseleko olupheleleyo lwelungelo elinye lusenokubathwalisa umthwalo ongafanelekanga abanye.

Amandla engozi Nemiqathango Yokwexeshana

Ngexesha longxamiseko olufana neentlekele zemvelo, iingxaki zempilo kawonke-wonke, okanye izisongelo kukhuseleko lwesizwe, urhulumente usenokuba uphucule igunya lokumisela amalungelo athile okwexeshana. Kodwa, naxa kusenzeka iingozi, ukukhuselwa komGaqo-siseko okungundoqo kusekho, kwaye nayiphi na imiqathango kufuneka igwetyelwe ngokwengozi, ngexesha elilinganiselweyo, kwaye imele ibekwe phantsi kovavanyo olugwetyiweyo.

Ucelomngeni kukuqinisekisa ukuba amanyathelo ongxamiseko ayimfuneko ngokwenene kwaye ayalingana nesisongelo, ngoxa kuthintelwa iimeko zongxamiseko ekubeni zizinto ezibangela ukurhoxiswa kwamalungelo ngokungekho mthethweni. Amava embali abonisa ukubaluleka kokugcina ukuphaphamela amalungelo ekhuselekile kwanaxa kusemngciphekweni.

Oovimba Bokufunda Ngokugqithiseleyo Nokufumana Uncedo

Kukho imibutho emininzi nemithombo enokukunceda uqonde uze ukhusele amalungelo akho.

Imibutho yamalungelo asekuhlaleni

Imibutho enjenge yeSibonelelo sobuLungu saseMelika , NAACP Legal Defense Fund, Lambda esemthethweni, kunye nabanye abaninzi basebenza ukukhusela amalungelo abantu ngokuwakhusela, ngokuwachasa, ngokuwaphatha, nangemfundo. Le mibutho isoloko inikela ubuncwane bokuchaza amalungelo akho, inikela uncedo olusemthethweni kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo, kwaye ixhasa utshintsho lwenkqubo ukuze iqinise ukhuseleko lwamalungelo abantu.

Oovimba bakarhulumente

Amasebe omanyano anjenge Isebe lamaLungelo eSigqeba samaLungelo eSizwe , iKhomishini eLinganisayo yeMsebenzi, kunye neSebe loPhuhliso lweMfutho ne-Urban Development linika ulwazi olubanzi ngamalungelo kunye nendlela yokufaka izikhalazo. Urhulumente namalungelo abantu basekuhlaleni banika ugcino-mali olufanayo kurhulumente nakumgangatho woluntu.

Iinkonzo zoNcedo loMgaqo-siseko

Iintlangano zoncedo olusemthethweni zinikela uncedo olusemthethweni ngokukhululekileyo kubantu abafumana imali ephantsi kwimicimbi yasekuhlaleni, kuquka iimbambano ezininzi ezinxulumene namalungelo abantu. Iintlanganiso zeBar zisoloko zigcina iinkonzo zoonongendi kunye neenkqubo zeprobono ezinokukudibanisa namagqwetha akulungeleyo ukunikela umelo lwasimahla okanye oluncitshisiweyo. Iikliniki zesikolo zemithetho zikwanikela iinkonzo ezisemthethweni ngoxa ziqeqesha isizukulwana esilandelayo samagqwetha.

Oovimba Bemfundo

IiWebsite ezinjenge [[QUL:0] ISikolo soMthetho weSikolo soLwiso-mthetho zinikezela ukufikelela ngokukhululekileyo kwizixhobo ezisemthethweni, kuquka amalungiselelo omgaqo-siseko, imimiselo, nezigqibo zenkundla. Iintlangano zemfundo zinikela iiklasi, ii-webinari, kunye neempapasho ezichaza amalungelo asemthethweni kunye nendlela yokuwasebenzisa. Iincwadi zidla ngokunikezela ukufikelela kwizixhobo zophando ezisemthethweni kwaye zinganikela uncedo ekuqondeni ulwazi olusemthethweni.

Isiphelo: Umlo Oqhubekayo Wokukhusela Amalungelo

Imithetho ilungiselela ukukhusela amalungelo abantu, imisela iinkqubo ezisikelwe umda igunya likarhulumente, zithintele ucalucalulo, ziqinisekise ukuphathwa kakuhle, zikhuthaza isidima sabantu. Ukusuka kumalungiselelo omgaqo-siseko ukuya kukhuseleko olusemthethweni ukuya kumgangatho wokunyanzelisa, inkqubo esemthethweni inika ugcino-lwazi oluninzi lokukhusela amalungelo asisiseko.

Noko ke, ukukhusela okusemthethweni kunamandla kanye njengathi sizimisele ukukuxhasa nokukukhusela. Amalungelo akhoyo ephepheni athetha okuncinane ukuba awanyanzeliswanga, ukuba abantu abawazi, okanye ukuba ibutho labantu liyawanyamezela ukuchaswa kwawo. Ukukhusela amalungelo kufuna ukuhlala ephaphile, ukuba nenxaxheba kubomi bentlalo, ukukulungela ukumelana nokungekho sikweni, nokuzibophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko olusemthethweni ludluliselwa kuwo onke amalungu ebutho labantu.

Imbali yamalungelo eMelika libali lokwanda okuthe rhoqo nokuqhubeka kusingisa phambili. Ukusukela kwiBhili yamaLungelo ukuya kuHlaliso loMgaqo-nkqubo wamaLungelo oWoluntu ukuya kutsho kuMthetho waMalungelo oMsebenzi wesiZwe kunye nangaphaya kwawo, isizukulwana ngasinye siye sasebenzela ukwandisa ukhuseleko kwaye senza isithembiso sokulingana nokusesikweni sibe yinto yokwenene kubantu abangakumbi. Lo msebenzi awupheli (ukuvela) iingxaki ezintsha, iingxaki ezindala ziyaqhubeka, kwaye intsingiselo yamalungelo iyaguquka xa iimeko ziguquka.

Ukuqonda indlela imithetho ekhusela ngayo amalungelo akho ekunika amandla okusebenzisa loo malungelo ngokunempumelelo, ukuqaphela xa ephulwa, nokuthatha amanyathelo okuwakhusela. Kukwakunceda ukuba uthabathe inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kulawulo lwedemokhrasi, uthethele ukukhusela okunamandla, kwaye uncedise kwiphulo eliqhubekayo lokwakha ibutho labantu abanobulungisa. Ngokuwazi amalungelo akho, uwasebenzise ngenkathalo, nokumela amalungelo abanye, unceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko olusemthethweni luhlala lunentsingiselo kwaye lusebenza kubo bonke abantu.

Ukukhusela amalungelo akuyo nje imbambano esemthethweni okanye yezobupolitika, “‘ ngokusisiseko kubhekiselele kwisidima sabantu, ukulingana, kunye nohlobo lwebutho labantu esifuna ukulidala kunye. Imithetho ilungiselela isakhiwo, kodwa kuxhomekeke kuthi sonke ukuqinisekisa ukuba esi sakhiwo siguqulela kwizinto zokhuseleko lokwenene ezenza umahluko kubomi babantu. Enoba ngovota, ngokukhetha, ngokucalula, ngemfundo, okanye ngokuphatha abanye ngentlonelo nangobulungisa, sonke sinendima yokukhusela amalungelo nokwakha ibutho apho wonke umntu anokuhlala ngesidima, ngokhuseleko, nangenkululeko.