Ukwazisa: Umsebenzi Omtsha Wotshintsho Lwasebumelwaneni

Kangangamashumi eminyaka, ukuvuselelwa kwedolophu kuye kwaba ngumsebenzi ophezulu, oqhutywa ngabaphuhlisi kunye nabacebisi bakamasipala abanolwazi olulinganiselweyo oluvela kubantu abahlala kwingingqi ezichaphazelekileyo. Isiphumo sisoloko sishenxiswa, ukulahleka kwenkcubeko, nokungathembani phakathi kwabemi norhulumente. Utshintsho loluntu olungenakuguqulwa, [ATC] [FLT] [FLT] lumele ukutshintsha okungundoqo kweparadigm. Izakhesa imithombo egxekayo (* kunye nokungathembani) phakathi kwabemi basekuhlaleni, imibutho esekelwe kwingca. Ngokwenza njalo, iyazi inyaniso elula kodwa ecacileyo: abo babiza ikhaya elihlala kulo oko kuyimfuneko.

Uhlaziyo lwezixeko ezidityanisiweyo zoluntu alululo nje ukwakhiwa kwemiphaka etsha okanye amaqashiso angenamntu. Limalunga nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwelaphu lentlalo, ukukhuthaza amathuba ezoqoqosho ukusuka emhlabeni, nokuqinisekisa ukuba abahlali bexesha elide banokuba nesabelo kwiinzuzo zokuvuselelwa kunokulahlekelwa yiyo. Inkcazo inika isiseko somthetho kunye nenkxaso yemali yemijelo ukuze lo mbono ube yinto yokwenene. Eli nqaku lihlola amalungiselelo angundoqo e-ACTP, impumelelo yehlabathi, nendlela amaqela asekuhlaleni anokuyixhasa ngayo inkxaso yawo ukukhokela imisebenzi yawo yokulungisa.

Ngasemva: Isizathu Sokuba Le Nceda Ibe Yimfuneko

Ngokwembali, iinkqubo zokuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo zelizwe ukusukela kuMthetho weNdawo yowe-1949 ukuya kumashumi asibhozo onyaka onyaka olandelayo, uphuhliso lomzimba olucwangcisiweyo kwiimfuno zabantu. Iingingqi ezithiwe “zikhanyiselwe” zadityaniswa, zasusa amakhulu amawaka eentsapho, ngokusezantsi kwengeniso kunye noluntu oluncinane. I-ACT yathathwa njengelifa. I-appet ngegalelo elisuka kwimibutho yophuhliso-luntu (CDC), abameli bezindlu ezintle, kunye nabacebi bamadolobhathi, imisela imigaqo yenkqubela engenakulinganiswa nanto yenkqubela ye kunye [FLT:] kunye [FLT]-utem-unity-edition [FFFT]

ICANDELO sakhela kwizifundo ezifundwe kwizifundo ezisekelwe kwindawo ephumelelayo njengenkqubo yokwakha ingingqi edibeneyo yengingqi kunye neenkqubo zikarhulumente ezifana noKhetho lobume bengingqi. Kodwa ke, iqhubeka ngokufuna ukuba amaqela oluntu abe nendima ephambili kokubini ukucwangcisa nokubulala. Ngokungafaniyo nemodeli yangaphambili eyayiphatha igalelo lomntu ngokomthetho, i-Actal ithe ithe inxalenye ebalulekileyo yemali yabekelwa ngqo kwizinto ezisebenza etyani, hayi ihlulwe ngamasebe esixeko kuphela.

Umatshini ongundoqo we-ACT

I-ACT ixhasa uhlaziyo lwezixeko zoluntu oludityaniswe ngeentsika ezine: inkxaso yobuchule, izakhiwo ezisesikweni zomanyano, kunye namanyathelo okwakha amandla. Nganye yenzelwe ukususa imiqobo eye yakhusela amaqela asekuhlaleni ngokwembali ekungeniseni irendi enkulu yorhulumente.

Iminikelo ebonelelwa ngqo

Eyona mpembelelo ye-ACT ikhawulezileyo yimali. Igunyazisa ukhuphiswano kwaye inika imvume ekhethekileyo kwimisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo yoluntu.

  • Inkqubela-phambili yesithuba sePublic:[[FLT] iipaki zePocket, imimandla ebanzi, imiyezo yoluntu, kunye nemijelo eluhlaza
  • Inkqubela-phambili yezindlu ezinokufumaneka: Ukufumana nokubuyisela utshintsho lweqela elikhoyo, ulwakhiwo olutsha lokugcwalisa lunikwe isitokhwe esinokufikeleleka ngokusisigxina
  • Inkxaso yoshishino oluncinci: Abaxhasi abaMicro-grant babathengisi basekuhlaleni, iinkqubo zokuphucula ifaçade, kunye nezithuba zekhitshi levenkile
  • Ugcino lwendawo: Ukubuyiselwa kwezakhiwo ezimbalini, ubugcisa bukawonke-wonke, kunye neendawo zeendibano zoluntu

Iminikelo yoluhlu olusuka ku-$500,000 ukwenzela iprojekthi yesikali esiselumelwaneni ukuya kwizigidi eziliqela kwinyathelo elikhulu elithatha iminyaka emininzi. Okubalulekileyo, iimfuno ze-ACT ezihambelana nemfuno kuluntu olufumana imali ephantsi kwaye inciphisa umthwalo wolawulo ngokuvumela amaqela asebenzise isahlulo semali ekusebenzeni iindleko ./a ujikelezo lwemali lusoloko lungekho kwezinye iinkqubo zezwe.

Uncedo lobuchule olubalulekileyo

Imali iyodwa ayinqabile. Iintlangano ezininzi ezisekelwe kuluntu azinabo ubuchule obufunekayo bokusebenzisa ikhowudi yokulungisa indawo, ukuqhuba uhlolo lwemekobume, okanye ukulawula uqingqo-mali lolwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo. Imali yeNYANZO luthungelwano loncedo lobugcisa lwengingqi (TA) olusoloko lugcinwa kwii-interdiary-actives ezingeyongeniso.

  • Icebiso eliphuhlisiweyo: Izifundo ezinokufezekiswa, uhlolo lwesigqeba, kunye nokwenziwa kweprocessie yemali
  • Inkxaso yokubhala epheleleyo: Amaqela ancedayo alungiselela iinkqubo ezinyanzelayo ezifuna uluntu lwexwebhu kunye neprojekti elungele
  • Ukhokelo lwemithetho kunye nolawulo: Uncedo nokuthobela phantsi koMthetho weSizwe weNkqutyana yokuNcinanisa (NEPA), uhlolo lwecandelo 106 logcino-lwazi olungokwembali, kunye neemfuno zomvuzo weDavis-Bacon
  • [[NTL:0] Izixhobo zokubophelela: Uqeqesho ngeendlela zoyilo lokwahlukana, amaphulo okunkqonkqoza, kunye namaqonga amanani ophando lwabahlali

Esi sibonelelo seTA sibaluleke kakhulu ekulinganiseni indawo yokudlala ukwenzela ukuba ugqatso lweblokh kummandla oxinezelekileyo lukhuphisane ngonyawo olulinganayo negunya elikhuliswe kakuhle.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo somanyano

I-ECT ikhuthaza `yayifuna) kwaye kwezinye iimeko kufuneka . "intsebenziswano yokwenziwa kwentsebenziswano phakathi kwabafaki-sicelo. Umzekelo, umniki-sicelo kufuneka abonise ukuba iprojekthi yakhe inenkxaso yoluntu esekelwe traftrand [ kwaye urhulumente wasekuhlaleni utyikitye i-memorandum yokuqonda okufakwa kwimijelo egunyazi. Ezi zivumelwano zomanyano zingaquka:

  • Uluntu luthenjiswe intlawulo
  • Amaziko eziXhobo ayavuma ukubeka iinguqu ezisisibonelelo ezinxulumene neprojekthi
  • Iziseko zasekuhlaleni ezinika inkxaso-mali eyongezelelekileyo okanye iinkonzo eziseluntwini
  • Unxulumano lweziko leyunivesithi lokuhlola nophando

Iqela elinamaqela ahlukeneyo liqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi ayisosiqithi esisodwa esiphucukileyo kodwa idityaniswe kwicebo elibanzi lobume bengingqi kunye nezinto eziphambili kumasipala.

Ukwakhiwa noqeqesho

I-ACT iyaqonda ukuba imibutho eyomeleleyo ingundoqo wokuzinzisa okuzinzileyo. Inikezela inxenye yemali yayo kwimisebenzi yokwakha isantya sobusuku [[FLT:], enje:

  • Iinkqubo zokhokelo lomalathisi oLawulayo
  • Imisebenzi yolawulo lwemali (iibhombu,
  • Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo
  • Uphuhliso lwebhodi noqeqesho lolawulo
  • Ubuchule bobuchule botshintsho lwenkqubo kumgangatho wobulali

Ezi nkqubo zisoloko zinikezelwa ngomanyano kunye nezinxulumanisi zesizwe ezifana i-Entemprise ofisi zoluntu kunye namaziko okuphuhlisa uluntu lwengingqi. Ngokuqinisa amandla okusungula amaqela engca, i-AP inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba imigudu yokuhlaziya ayiyiyo nje yexesha elinye kodwa impumelelo ehlala ihleli.

Impumelelo: Iziphumo ezifikele abantu

Isiphumo se-ACT singalinganiselwa ngamanani obukhulu kunye nomlinganiselo. Uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo oluvela kwiinkqubo zomqhubi lubonisa inkqubela ebalulekileyo kwizalathiso eziliqela ezingundoqo:

  • Izinziso ezizinzileyo: Imimandla ekufuphi neeprojekthi ezinemisebenzi ye-ACT ebonelelweyo ekwi 15-20% esezantsi kwenani loshenxiso oluthelekisa neendawo ezifanayo ezixhomekeke kuphuhliso lorhwebo.
  • Ukukhula okuncinci koshishino: iinkqubo zeMicro-grant zabona ulwando lwama-40% kwintengiselwano yoshishino lwasekuhlaleni kunye nolwandiso kwiprojekthi entsha kwiminyaka emibini.
  • Ukhuseleko lwePublic: ipaki yoluntu kunye nophuhliso lwezibane olunxulumene nonciphiso lwe 12% kulwaphulo-mthetho olunogonyamelo kunye nolwandiso lwe-30% kwiimvakalelo zokhuseleko ezixeliweyo phakathi kwabemi.
  • Ukubotshwa kwe-CUBIC:[ iVoter ujikelezo kunyulo lwangaphakathi kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwintlanganiso zonxulumano lommelwane kwanyuka ngomlinganiselo we-18/22% kumacandelo axhasiweyo.

Iziphumo ezincinci ezibonakalayo zibalulekile ngokufanayo: ingqiqo entsha yombutho, uqhagamshelwano oluphakathi koluntu olwenziwe ngokusebenza kwengadi, kunye nekratshi elibakho xa abemi bemi bebona iingcamango zabo ziyinto yokwenene. Ukugxininisa kwe-AC kumphathi-mpatho [[[FLT: 0] kuguqula abamkeli abangasebenziyo beenkonzo zibe yindawo ekwimeko-bume yabo esebenzayo.

Kwi-Depth Case Studies

Le mizekelo ilandelayo ibonisa indlela iAct eguqulela ngayo inkqubo ekubeni yiinguqulelo ezibonakalayo kummandla.

IPaki YaseMlanjeni: Ukusuka eBrownfield Ukuya Kwi Anchor Yoluntu

Kufutshane noMlambo wesixeko esiphakathi iRust Belt, eyayisakhelwe indawo yoshishino yasala ishiywe kamashumi amabini eminyaka, igqunywe lukhula kwaye ingcoliswe zizinto ezinzima. Ingeniso yendawo engqongileyo . "Riverside Abamelwane kunye" ixhotyiswe kwaye ifumene i-Act enika imvume yokulungisa umhlaba kunye nokwakha ipaki yoluntu. Inkqubo yokwakha yasalathwa ngabahlali kuludwe lwemi kunyaka ngamnye kwaye ixhotyiswe yindawo yokulungisa izindlu zezindlu zezindlu ezikufuphi neyamanyeneyo. I-Rivespop" i-spocrip ebekwe kwicawashini ephakathi kwecawayo kunye neyaselulo yoluntu. I-Roctive systems i-FFoctive syst syrts iveza intelliant kuphela kodwa ihamba ngemingxube yeminye yemali kodwa ibonelelo yezorhwebo. I-Gropt.[1]

Igadi elikwiMpuma: IJaji yokutya neNkcubeko

Kwingingqi yengingqi ye-Afrika eMazantsi kwesixeko saseMzantsi Afrika, i-Eastside Community Development Corporation isebenzisa imvume yokwakha amandla entelekelelo ukuqeqesha abahlali abathandathu njengabalimi abanobuchule. Ngokulandelayo beprojekthi, baguqula amaqashiso alishumi elinamnye abe zizitiya zemifuno enemveliso. Ukuvuna kwabelana nabathathi-nxaxheba kwaye kunikelwe kwizindlu zokutyela zasekuhlaleni. Ngaphandle kokhuseleko lokutya, i-gadi iye yahlanganisa iindawo apho abanini-makhaya kunye nabaqeshi abatsha bakha ulwalamano. Uphando lweYunivesithi yaseMichigan lwabonisa ukwanda kwe-40% kwimikhwa evelisa imifuno echuliweyo. "ukuboleka okanye ukukhangela izixhobo okanye ukuboleka kubamelwane abadala abanezitrato ezimbini zomyezo."

Ukuvuselelwa Kwesitrato Esiyintloko: Ukulungiswa Kwezoshishino Ezincinane

Kwidolophu yasemaphandleni yeApalachian, i-ACP ixhasa umnqophiso wabanini-venkile ababengenawo amava okufaka imali karhulumente. Xa i-ATA isuka kwingingqi engangeni ngeniso, bafumana ii-R350 000 kwinkqubo yokulungisa ivenkile. Ngaphezu kwama-20 000 efumene ii-R250 000 nganye ukwenzela utyikityo olutsha, izikhuseli-seyile, neefestile ezinika amandla aneleyo. Iprojekthi yaxhasa iqonga lokuthengisa elamtsala abakhenkethi abasuka kufutshane namahlathi.

Ucelomngeni Nokucingwa

Kuzo zonke izithembiso zayo, i-Act ayinengxaki. Imiqobo edityanisiweyo iquka:

  • Iqumrhu lomthetho elilawulayo: nanemithetho eyenziwe lula, amaqela amancinci alwa neemfuno zomthetho nemigangatho yokufumana.
  • [[NTL: 0] Isikhonkwane sokwandiswa: Inkqubela-phambili enenjongo ingenyusa amaxabiso empahla kunye nerhafu yempahla, ngokungazi ukubeka abahlali bekwinjongo ye-AC ukuze basebenze. Ukuchasana nokubekwa kwendawo kukhuselwa komhlaba kunye nokuqeshwa kwemithetho yokusetyenziswa kwegazi kuyafuneka ecaleni kotyalo.
  • [[NTL: 0] Isithuba sobungangamsha: Kwimimandla emininzi esezantsi, akukho mbutho okhoyo osekelwe kuluntu owomelele ngokwaneleyo ukukhokela iprojekthi enkulu yokwakha kwakhona. Imali ye-Active yokwakha amandla omsebenzi inceda, kodwa ingathatha iminyaka ukunyusa iqela elitsha libe ngumniki-mali othembekileyo.
  • ukuxhathisa okucacileyo: Amanye amagosa asekuhlaleni axhathisa ukupheliswa kolawulo ekwenzeni izigqibo kunye nokuxhasa ngemali kubahlali. Ulawulo lorhulumente oluqinileyo kunye nolwimi lwemithetho olucacileyo luyimfuneko ukunyanzelisa ugunyaziso olusemthethweni.

Ukulungisa ezi ngxaki kufuna ulungiso oluqhubekayo kuzalisekiso lwezikhokelo kunye nozibopho oluqhubekayo ku olungalinganiyo-phakathi [ imisebenzi kumgangatho ngamnye.

Izenzo ezilunge kakhulu kumaqela oluntu afuna inkxaso ye-ATC

Amaqela anomdla wokukhuphisa iACT anganyusa amathuba awo empumelelo ngokulandela ezi ndlela zivunyiweyo:

  1. Yakha umnqongo obanzi kwangoko. Ukudibanisa abemi, amashishini asekuhlaleni, amaziko okholo, nezikolo ngaphambi kokubhala izicelo. Uxwebhu oludibanisayo ukutyhubela imizuzu yentlanganiso, amaphepha okutyikitya, neeleta zenkxaso.
  2. i-Esttablish umxhasi wemali ukuba awunanto ingeniso. Amaqela amancinane amaninzi angasebenzisana nolungiselelo olusekiweyo 501(c)(3) olunokufumana nokunika imali enikayo.
  3. [[UMTL: 0] Ungenelelo lomsebenzi ophuhlisiweyo. Sebenzisa inxenye yayo nayiphi na inkxaso-mali yembewu ukuqhuba uhlolo lwenxuwa, ufundo, kunye nohlalutyo lwentengiso. Oku kubonisa ukukulungela ukuqokelela imali.
  4. [[UMTL:0] Iplani yogcino lwexesha elide. Ipaki entsha ekhazimlayo ayixabisekanga ukuba akukho mali yokuyigcina. Quka izicwangciso zobuphathi kunye noqingqo-mali lwexabiso lokusebenza eliqhubekayo.
  5. [[UMTL: 0] Balisa ibali lakho. Sebenzisa iifoto, iividiyo, kunye neengqino zobuqu ukuchaza impembelelo yomntu kwiprojekthi yakho. Iingxelo ezinamandla zivakala ngezihlolo ezinika uphando kwaye zincede ukwakha inkxaso kawonke-wonke.

Ikamva Ledolophu Ehlaziyiweyo

I-ACT igunyaziwe ngoku ukudlula kunyaka wama-2027, kunye nokuququzelelwa kwakhona kwengxoxo ye-accordiation sele kuqalile. Amaqela akhuthaza imigangatho enkcitho yemali eyandisiweyo, imiqathango enamandla echasene neendawo, kunye neseti esisigxina yemibutho engaphantsi kwemiqathango. Kukwakho umdla okhulayo wokudibanisa i-Actal enika isiphumo kusukelo olubanzi lwemozulu, olufana nophuhliso oluluhlaza noluphezulu lothutho lothutho.

Okwangoku, impumelelo ye-ACT iphembele inyathelo elifanayo kwicandelo lesizwe nakumgangatho wasekuhlaleni. Izixeko ezininzi ziye zamkela “ithuba lokudibanisa” imithetho ebonakalisa isiseko se-ACT, inika isabelo semali yonyuselo lwerhafu ngqo kwimisebenzi esetyenziswa ngabahlali. Njenge World Resouls Institute neminye imibutho yomhlaba wonke iphawule, imodeli ye-ograc ifumana ingeniso yerhafu yamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe njengendlela engcono yokuphuhlisa izixeko.

Isiphelo

UMthetho we-Affordcumental Transformation Act unika ingcebiso enamandla yendlela inkqubo karhulumente enokuthi ikwazi ngayo ukugunyazisa abantu kunokuba ilawule. Ngokuthumela ubuncwane obuthe ngqo kwiingcambu, ngokuxhasa ubugcisa, kwaye kufuna inkxaso yobungqina, i-Act inceda inceda abantu baqhubele phambili iinkqubo zabo zokuzihlaziya. Iziphumo ``isitrato ezikhuselekileyo, iipaseji ezishushu zorhwebo, izithuba eziluhlaza ezidibanisa abantu, kunye nezindlu ezihlala zinokufikeleleka kwimihla emide yabemi, zenza ukuba ulawulo lwe-'FLT'' olunento elungileyo lungapheleli nje lungaloncedo olulungileyo; luyinkqubo esebenzayo yokuvuselela abantu basedolobhethe. njengokuba i-Activesctics kunye nokwandisa, zime nkeendlela zokuhlala xa sithembanabagna abantu abahlala benonezo.