Yintoni Ikholeji Ye - Electoral Yaye Kutheni Ikho?

UMongameli we-United States akanyulwanga ngqo yivoti ethandwayo yesizwe. Endaweni yoko, isiphumo sigqitywa yiElectoral College, inkqubo emiselwe kwiGatya II lomGaqo-siseko wase-U.S. kwaye isulungekiswe nguMphetho-mva weshumi elinesibini. Phantsi kwale nkqubo, iphondo ngalinye lifumana inani leevoti [ zomlawuli ngokulingana nabemi balo, kwaye umbathiyo kufuneka akhusele inkoliso yezivoti — ngoku 270 ukusuka ku 538 — ukuzuza i-presity.

Abaseki abasungulwayo badala iElectoral College njengolwahlulelwano phakathi kokunyulwa komongameli ngevoti kwiKhonkqele nokunyulwa nguye ngovoti ecacileyo. Babenexhala lokunika amandla amaninzi kwiKhomishini, enokuthi ikhokelele kwinkohlakalo, kwaye kwakhona babexhalabisa ukuba abavoti kwilizwe elikhulu, ezahlukahlukeneyo, babengenalwazi olwaneleyo malunga nabathathi-nxaxheba abasuka kumazwe akude ukuze benze ukhetho olunolwazi. Ababhexeshi babecingelwa njengoontathe abazakusebenzisa umgwebo ozimeleyo. Noko ke, ngokuhamba kwexesha, inkqubo iphendulele koko ikuyo namhlanje: ubuchule bokuphumelela kwimisebenzi emininzi apho uEultlator phantse uvote ngokokuvota okuqhelekileyo kwelizwe labo.

Indlela Abasebenzi Abathunyelwa Ngayo Kwilizwe Ngalinye

Lilonke inani leevoti ezikhethiweyo lingu 538. Eli nani lilingana nesimbuku esidityanisiweyo sabemeli base-U.S., i100 U.S. i-Senator, kunye nesithathu sabaveleli beSithili saseColumbia (kungenxa yoMmiselo wesi-23, owanika umelo kunyulo lomongameli). Ulwabeko ngalunye lukarhulumente lumiselwe ngabemi bayo njengoko kuxelwe kwi-dec Conation U.S.C. Centreage.

Ifomu Eqheliselwayo

Urhulumente ngamnye ufumana iivoti ezimbini zokhetho lwamavoti amabini, kunye nenani eliguquguqukayo leevoti ezilingana nenani lezithili zezindlu anazo. Isithili zezindlu ziyavunywa rhoqo kwiminyaka elishumi esekelwe kutshintshiselwano lwabemi. Umzekelo:

  • [[UMTHLO] ICalifornia, elona lizwe likhulu, lineendawo eziziifreyithi ezingama-52 dibanisa 2 Abaququzeleli = 54 iivoti ezikhethiweyo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukuvota, elona lizwe lingenabemi baninzi, linendawo yesithili sendlu enye dibanisa 2 iSenator = 3 iivoti ezikhethiweyo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] u-Texas uneendawo ezingama-38 zendlu dibanisa 2 Amaqumrhu = 40 amavoti akhethiweyo.

Kuba lonke ilizwe liqala ngevoti ezimbini zokhetho kungakhathaliseki ukuba zinabemi bani, umazwe amancinci anempembelelo engalinganiyo enxulumene nabemi bawo. Umvoti eWyoming unamandla onyuselayo aphindwe kathathu ovoti eKhalifoniya xa elinganiswa ngevoti yovoti yonyulo ngamnye.

Isithili saseColumbia

IWashington, D.C., asingorhulumente kodwa inikwe iivoti ezintathu zokhetho phantsi koMphetho-mva we-23. Oku kunika u-D.C. inani elifanayo levoti njengelinye ilizwe elinabemi abancinane, nangona abemi balo bebaninzi kunamazwe amaninzi. D.C. ayinakuba namavoti amaninzi kunalawo akhoyo kancinci, ngoko ke, ihlala ku-3.

ICandelo loMphumeleli- Zonke

Kuma-48 kumaphondo kunye no-D.C., umvotelwa ophumelele eyona voti ithandwayo kwelo lizwe ufumana u-all waloo voti zikarhulumente. Le yi "winner-all" indlela. Ayigunyaziswanga ngu-U.S. umGaqo-siseko; uthelela ufikelelo kukuqala kwee-1800 njengendlela yokwandisa impembelelo yawo kunyulo. Isiphumo sisokuba umvote-ota angazuza imeko ngomda omxinwa — showu 51% ukuya ku 49% — kwaye ufumana i-100% yevoti yayo evotiyo.

Ezikhethekileyo: Maine noNebraska

Maine ne Nebraska zisebenzisa indlela eyahlukileyo ebizwa ngokuba indlela yesithili sombutho ngamnye . Kula mazwe mabini, umvumi wevoti ethandwayo yesizwe ufumana iivoti ezimbini zokhetho (kuzo iiNgwebo ezimbini). Umvulo lwevoti yomntu ngamnye kwingingqi nganye efumana uvoti yesithili enye yengi. Le nkqubo ithetha ukuba ivoti yonyulo ingahlulahlulwa phakathi kwabavoti kwilizwe elinye. Umzekelo, ngo-2020, uJoe Biden wawina ivoti yelizwe kwiMaine kwaye waphumelela kwisithili esi-1 sombutho, ngexa uDonald Trump waphumelela i-2 yengingqi ye-budiyo. Imote i-3densile i-bi ye-Bimp i-bian ye-Bromess.

Indlela Eya Kwi - 270: Indlela Umngxumi Olawulayo Azuza Ngayo Umphathi

Umvoti kufuneka ubuncinane [[FLT: 0] izivoti zonyuso ezingama-270 — uninzi olulula lwemali engama-58 — ukuba nguMongameli-okhenti. Iphulo lenziwe ngokupheleleyo ukufikelela kweli nani. Izixhobo zijolise ubuncwane bazo ku "mazwe atsalayo" okanye "amaphondo e-"i-battleplate" - zichaza apho iziphumo zingaqinisekanga apho utshintsho oluncinci kwinkxaso yevoti lungachola ivote i-ota epheleleyo. Amazwe akhuselekileyo (abo bathembekileyo bafumana i-Democracracratic okanye i- Republican) afumana ingqalelo encinane.

Isizathu Sokuba Imibandela Engama - 270

Umnyango wama-270 uthetha ukuba umvotelwa angaphumelela umongameli ngaphandle kokuphumelela kwivoti ethandwayo yesizwe. Oku kwenzeke izihlandlo ezihlanu kwimbali yase-U.S., kutshanje ngo-2016 (UMvoti-Trump waphumelela kuma-304 evoti yabavoti kuHillary Clinton's 227, ngelixesha iClinton izuze uvoti ethandwayo ngeendawo eziphantse zibe zigidi ezithathu zokuvota) kwaye ngo- 2000 (u-George W. Bush wafumana iivoti ezingama-71 ku-Al Gore's 266, ngoxa uGore wafumana ivoti ethandwayo ngevoti ezimalunga nesihlanu sama-540 000). Lo mcimbi we-Elcel College ingo yeyona nto ibangela ukuba impikiswano eqhubekayo ngotshintsho.

Ixesha Lokhetho: Ukususela NgoNovemba Kuse KuJanuwari

Inkqubo yokunyula umongameli iqalisa iinyanga eziliqela, kunye neElectoral College embindini wezinyuko eziliqela.

Inyathelo 1: Unyulo Oluqhelekileyo — ULwesibini Lokuqala Emva KoMvulo Wokuqala ngoNovemba

NgoSuku lokhetho, abavoti kuzo zonke imo-bume baphosa iibhola kubathathi-nxaxheba abakhethiweyo abakhethiweyo bobumongameli. Xa uvotela umlandeli womongameli, ungowoqobo uvota i-Expecters [[FLT: 0]] i-operate yabaphathi abathembise ukuxhasa loo mvoteli. Amagama e-Electer angavela okanye angaveli kwibholati ngokuxhomekeke kumthetho wesizwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uvotensio bayawabona amagama omongameli kunye nomongameli wombutho.

Inyathelo 2: IVote Ethandwayo Imisela Abakhandi

Emva kokuba amavoti ebaliwe (inkqubo enokuthatha iintsuku okanye iiveki zixhomekeke kwiposi-engaphakathi kwebhola nakuluhlu olusondeleyo), irhuluneli nganye yezwe ifaka iziphumo. Ekufumaneni onke amazwe, umbatisi ophumeleleyo oyena voti kwingingqi yelizwe ufumana ukukhetha abaxhasi besizwe. Abo baxhasi baxhasa imikhosi enyanisekileyo, abanyuliweyo, okanye abaxhasi abanyulwa liqela lesizwe.

Inyathelo 3: I - Eletors Vote — NgoMvulo Wokuqala Emva KoLwesibini NgoLwesithathu NgoDisemba

Ngalo mhla, abaxhasi badibana kwicapitol yesizwe nganye (naku D.C.) ukuphosa iibhola zabo — enye yeMongameli nenye yeKhosi elinguMongameli. Basayina isiqinisekiso esithandathu sovoti, esithunyelwa kuMongameli onguMongameli (njengoMongameli weNdlu yeNtlanganiso), iNational Archives, unobhala wesizwe wezwe, kunye nenkundla yesithili. Kwamanye amazwe, kukho imithetho efuna abaxhasi ukuba balandele ivoti edumileyo, kunye "Abavoti bokholo" nabaphambukeli abanokujongwa okanye baphinde batshaye. U.S. Inkundla ephakamileyo iqinisekisa ngo-2020. ingumthetho echaza ukuba ibopheze kwaye isuse abavoti abangenalukileyo.

Inyathelo 4: Ingqungquthela Ibala Iindawo Ezithile — Januwari 6

NgoJanuwari 6 emva konyulo, intlanganiso yamaBhunga adibeneyo idibana ngo-1 p.m. Ukubala amavoti. UMongameli ongumongameli, njengoMongameli weNdlu yeeNtsimbi, uyawongamela ubalo. Iivoti ziyavulwa ziphinde zifundwe ngokuvakalayo ngokwendlela elandelelanayo yamaphondo. Nayiphi na imiqathango yamavoti karhulumente mayibhalwe kwaye ityikitywe lilungu elinye leNdlu kunye nenye iSanitor. Iinjongo ziyaphikisana kwaye zichotshelwe ngokwahlukeneyo kwigumbi ngalinye. Zombini amagumbi kufuneka avume ukuxhasa ukuchasa ukuze impumelelo. Le nkqubo yayiyinkqubo yokujolisa uhlaselo lukaJanuwari 6, 201, ukuhlasela kweU. Capitol.

Inyathelo 5: Impumelelo Inconywa

Emva kokuba ubalo lugqityiwe, uMongameli onguVikelo ubhengeza ubalo lokugqibela kwaye ubhengeza umnqobi. UMongameli wogwebo ngoko ungumnqobi osemthethweni wonyulo.

Kwenzeka Ntoni Ukuba Ukungabi Nagunya Kufikelela Kuma - 270?

Ukuba akukho mvotelwa ufumana ubuncinane amavoti angama-70, unyulo lugqitywa yiNdlu yabameli base-U.S. kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba "lunyulo olufanelekileyo" esi siganeko senzeka kabini kwimbali ye-U.S.: ngonyaka we-1800 (ekhokelela kwiSindululo se-12) kwaye ngowe-1824 (xa uJohn Quincial Adams wayenyulwa yiNdlumente).

Indlela Ukhetho Olunempembelelo

  • Indlu ikhetha uMongameli kwabathathu abaphezulu abatshatileyo ngevoti enkulu.
  • Igqiza ngalinye lifumana ivoti enye, kungakhathaliseki inani labameli abanalo. Oku kunika amazwe amancinane amandla amakhulu.
  • Umba othe ngqo ufuna uninzi lwabathunywa bakarhulumente (ngoku abangama-26 kwabangama-50) ukuze baphumelele.
  • IBhunga linyulela uMongameli oPhakamileyo ngokwahlukileyo, kunye neNtloko nganye efumana ivoti enye.
  • Ukuba iNdlu ayinakugqiba ngoSuku lokuHlakulelwa (Januwari 20), uMongameli onguMongameli onguMongameli osisiGqibo de iNdlu ifikelele isigqibo.

Unyulo lwemingxuma luye lwaxoxwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje xa abathathi-nxaxheba besithathu besongela ukutsala ivoti ze bathintele nabani na oza kubandakanyeka ekufikeleleni 270. Umjikelo wonyulo wama-2024 uvuselele umdla kule mifanekiso enikwe unyulo olwahlulwe ngokusondeleyo.

Utshintsho lweKoleji ye-Electoral: ISivumelwano seSizwe esithandwayo saseVote Interstate

Enye yezona zindululo ziphambili zotshintsho yi- yesizwe esithe safumana uLonke Vote Interstate Community (NPVIC). Le yisivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe kuzo zonke iivoti zabo ezikhethiweyo eziye zafumana uvotelo oluthandwayo lwesizwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngubani ophumelele kwimo nganye. Udibaniso lusebenza kuphela xa urhulumente edityaniswe nento epheleleyo ye-270 evoti yabavoti abavoti abavoti abavoti badileyo. Njengo 2024, amavoti angama-205 amele amavoti amkela uvoti evoti evoti evoti evoti e-65, eyishiya ingenayo kwivoti esebenzayo.

Abaxhasi baphikisa ngokuthi umanyano lungaqinisekisa ukuba yonke ivoti ilingana nelizwe nokuba umvoti ophumelele eyona midlalo usiba nguMongameli. Abachasi baphikisa ngelithi iya kuyithoba injongo yabaQalisi, inciphise impembelelo yamazwe amancinci, kwaye inikel ’ ingqalelo kwimimandla emikhulu yasedolophini.

Ezinye iinguqu ezicetyiweyo ziquka ukupheliswa kweElectoral College ngokupheleleyo ngolungiso lomgaqo-siseko (owufuna intlukwano egqithisileyo yesithathu kuzo zombini izindlu zeeBhunga kunye nolwakhiwo lweendlu zowiso-mthetho ezintathu ezine), ukwamkela indlela yesithili yengqungquthela yelizwe lonke, okanye ukusebenzisa ukuvota okumiselwe umda ukuqinisekisa ukuba umvuzi-mali ufumana inkxaso enkulu.

Iingcamango Eziqhelekileyo Neziphosakeleyo

Intsomi: I Vote Ethandwayo Ingqina Ukuba Uphumelele

Abavoti abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba umvoti ophumelele inkoliso yamavoti kwilizwe lonke uba nguMongameli. Oku akuchananga. Ngeli xesha amaphondo angama-48 kunye ne-D.C. ebopha abavoti abadumileyo kwimo yabo, akukho voti yesizwe ethandwayo emisela iziphumo. Ophumeleleyo ngulowo ufumana ivoti engama-270.

Inkolelo: Izandi Zisoloko Zivelisa Imibala Elindelekileyo

Abahlalutyi abaninzi bathembekile kumvotelwa wabo abathenjiweyo, kodwa "Abanyuli abangakholwa" bayenzeka. Ngonyaka ka-2016, abahlalutyi abasixhenxe bavotelela abanye abaza kuncedwa ngaphandle kwaleyo bathenjiswe ukuba bayixhase. Amanye amatyala anemithetho yokuba ivoti engenalukholo, kwaye iNkundla Ephakamileyo ixhase ubukho bomgaqo-siseko wemithetho enjalo. Noko ke, abavoti abangenalukholo abakhange bayiguqule iziphumo zonyulo lukamongameli.

Intsomi: Ikholeji Ye - Electoral Iyindawo

I-Electoral College asiyondawo ebonakalayo. Yinkqubo. Abaveleli badibana kwi-capitors zabo zesizwe, hayi kwisakhiwo esinye eWashington, D.C. Igama elithi "College" libhekisela kwiqela le-Electers elisebenza kunye, njenge "college of Cardinal" ikhetha upopu.

Ikamva Lekholeji YeElectoral

IElectoral College ihlala ingomnye wezona mpawu ziphikisanayo zikarhulumente waseMerika. Abaxhasi bayo baphikisa ngelithi ikhusela izilangazelelo zamaphondo amancinci kunye nemimandla yasemaphandleni, ikhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwemimandla edibeneyo, kwaye inika uzinzo ngokufuna usasazo lwelizwe elibanzi lwenkxaso. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi ayinademokhrasi, inika amandla angenakulinganiswa ekujijekeni kwamazwe, inyanzelela umvoti kwimimandla ekhuselekileyo, kwaye isengozini yokusebenzisa i-gerrymanderringring ejikeleza imimandla eqengqele enjengeMaine neNebraska.

Uhlolisiso lukawonke-wonke lubonisa ukuba inkoliso yabantu baseMerika ikhetha ukuthatha indawo yeElectoral College ngokuvota okuthe ngqo. Noko ke, ukurhoxisa umGaqo-siseko kunzima kakhulu, kwaye amazwe angenelwa kakhulu kwinkqubo yangoku — ingakumbi amazwe amancinane anabemi abaphantsi — akanasizathu sakwenza utshintshe. INational Popular Vote Intertate Communcial ihlala isesona ndlela isebenzayo ekuguquleni i-inguqu kwixesha elikufuphi, kodwa ajongene neengxaki ezisemthethweni kunye nenkcaso yezobupolitika.

Abathathi-nxaxheba

  • I-Electoral College inevoti ezipheleleyo ezingama-58; 270 ziyafuneka ukuze uphumelele.
  • Urhulumente ngamnye ufumana amavoti alingana nenani leendawo zeNdlu kunye neziHlathi ezibini; D.C. ufumana 3.
  • 48 no-D.C. sebenzisa iithako-all; uMaine neNebraska zisebenzisa indlela yesithili se-collenioncation.
  • Umlandeli angaphumelela kumongameli ngaphandle kokuphumelela kwivoti yesizwe ethandwayo.
  • Ukuba akukho mmeli ufikelela kuma - 270, iNdlu yabameli igqiba ukuba uphumelele.
  • Urhwaphilizo oluneenjongo ezingaqhelekanga okanye "abavoti abangakholwayo" zinqabile kwaye zinqabile iziphumo zokutshintsha.
  • Imigudu yotshintsho iquka iNational Popular Vote Interstate Community kunye nokutshintshwa komgaqo-siseko.

Ukuqonda iElectoral College kubalulekile ekuqondeni unyulo lomongameli waseMerika. Ngoxa inkqubo isenokubonakala idida okanye ingeyiyo, yinkqubo egqibe ngalo lonke unyulo lomongameli kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini. Ukuba uyaluxhasa okanye ufuna ukulubona lutshintshile, ukwazi indlela olusebenza ngayo — nendlela olunokusebenza ngayo — ikunika amandla njengomvoti nommi.

Ukuqhubeka ufunda, hlolisisa izibonelelo ezisemthethweni ezivela ku U.S. uVimba lweSizwe kwiKholeji ye-Electoral, , u-USUSA.gov Electoral College complery [, [[FLT]], iKhomishini yovota ye-FOUTY], kunye nolwahlulo lobugratya be-data