Ukugqiba ukubala abantu akuyomfuneko nje yezoburhulumente, kodwa sisenzo sesiseko soluntu esibumba indlela oorhulumente abanika ngayo imali, abacwangcisa iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke, abamisela ukuma, kunye neemfuno zoluntu. Kumntu ngamnye ukunceda ugcino-lwazi, izakhiwo, izibhedlele, neenkonzo zongxamiseko apho zifuneka khona kakhulu. Kodwa kwizigidi zamakhaya angengomaNgesi, ukubandakanywa kwabantu abathethayo kungayi kubalwa kubangela ukuba badide, ukudide, ukudida, nokugxada, ukudideka. Imiqobo yolwimi, ukungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala, ukuqhelana kwamasiko, kwanokungabikho korhulumente kunokuzithintela ngokuchanileyo ezi intsapho ezithetha amaNgesi. Xa abantu abangengomalungu aphantsi kolawulo, yonke imiphakathi ilahlekelwe yindawo eluncedo, ukuxhasa inkcuba eluncedo, ukuxhasa inkcuba eluncedo ngeminyaka elishumi.

Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iingxaki ezikhethekileyo ezijongene namakhaya angengowayo isiNgesi xa egqiba ukubalwa kwabantu kwaye enikela iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa abaxhamli bakarhulumente, imibutho yoluntu, nabameli bale nkqubo banokuzalisekisa ukwenza le nkqubo idibane ngokwenene. Ngokudibanisa izinto ezizilwimi ezininzi, ubugcisa, iingca ezikhulayo, kunye nomanyano oluthembekileyo lwasekuhlaleni, ungayisusa imiqobo kwaye uncede onke amakhaya abe nenxaxheba ngokuqinisekileyo nangokupheleleyo.

Ukuqonda Iingxaki Ezinokujamelana Nazo Iintsapho Ezingathethi IsiNgesi

Ukuyila inkxaso ephumelelayo, kubalulekile kuqala ukuqonda imiqobo emininzi efunyanwa ziintsapho ezingeyosiNgesi. Ezi ngxaki zisoloko zidityanisiwe kwaye zingadityaniswa ukuze zenze umqobo obalulekileyo wokuthabatha inxaxheba.

Izithintelo Zeelwimi Ezingenakuguqulelwa

Oluna celomngeni lucacileyo kukuba iindlela zobalo kunye nemiyalelo zidla ngokunikelwa ngeelwimi ezisikelwe umda, isiNgesi neSpanish kuphela kumgangatho wesizwe kumazwe amaninzi. Kwanaxa kuguqulelwe iipesenti zemibuzo zikhona, izithethi ezingezozasiNgesi zisenokuzama ukusebenzisa amagama asemthethweni okanye obugcisa angaguquleli ngokucacileyo. Umzekelo, amagama afana “nolwalamano lwendlu,” "ulwalamano oluphezulu." olululo,” okanye“ udidi lobuzwe nolobuzwe” lunganeentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo kwiinkcube zamazwe. Ngaphezu koko, izikhulumi ezininzi ezingabushicinelanga zinokulwa ngolwimi lwabo loqobo, ngoko ukuguqulela kubhalwe kuphela akukwanele. Iilwimi ezibhalweyo ngaphandle kwemigangatho ebhaliweyo, njengeelwimi zomda okanye iilwimi zasekuhlaleni, ezikhoyo nezinzima.

Ukuba Nemfundo Encinane Nendlela Encinane Yokufunda

Kwanakulwimi lokuqala lomntu, iifomu zokubalwa kwabantu zinokuba ziincwadi ezintsonkothileyo ezinemiyalelo entsonkothileyo, amacandelo amaninzi, nemibuzo yentlalo nezoqoqosho efuna iimpendulo ezingephi. Abantu abanemfundo encinane okanye abangafundilenga bangakufumanisa kunzima ukuzalisa iifomu ngokwabo. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukodwa kumalungu akhulileyo akwingingqi asenokuba aye afunda kancinane kwilizwe lawo. Ukoyika ukwenza impazamo okanye ukunikela inkcazelo engachananga kudla ngokukhokelela ekuphepheni okanye ekuzithotyeleni okungaphelelanga.

Ukungathembani Nokoyika Urhulumente

Kumazwe amaninzi, ingakumbi ezo zingabhalwanga phantsi okanye eziye zatshutshiswa ngurhulumente kumazwe ahlala kuwo, kukho ukungathembani okunzulu kokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi olusemthethweni. Ukungaqondani ngokungekho mthethweni, imfihlo, nendlela ulwazi oluza kusetyenziswa ngayo lungathintela ukuba nenxaxheba. Iintsapho ezingathethi siNgesi zisenokusoyika ukuba iimpendulo zazo zihlangatyezwe ekunyanzelweni kolawulo lwabafuduki okanye zisetyenziswe ngokuchasene nabo. Oku kusoloko kubangelwa yimiqobo yolwimi ethintela unxibelelwano olucacileyo malunga nokukhuselwa ngokusemthethweni, njengesibakala sokuba inkcazelo yokuba inani labantu alinakusetyenziswa ekujolisweni abantu ngabanye ekunyanzeleni ukuthunyelwa kwabantu abafudukayo kumazwe amaninzi.

Ubalo

Kubemi abafikayo okanye iimbacu, yonke ingcamango yokubalwa kwabantu okunyanzelekileyo ingaba yeyasemzini. Basenokungaqondi isizathu sokuba bafanele bagqibe ifomu, ukuba ingaphilwa njani, okanye ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ukuba abathathi nxaxheba. Amanyathelo afana nokuthumela iphepha, ukungena kwi-intanethi, okanye ukufowunela inombolo yefowuni ingadida ngaphandle kokhokelo olucacileyo, olufanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko. Ngaphezu koko, ezinye iindawo zixhomekeke kakhulu kunxibelelwano oludluliselwa ngomlomo nokwenza izigqibo ezidibeneyo, ukwenza ukuba ubalo lwasekhaya ngalunye luzive lungamkelekanga okanye lungamkelekanga.

Ukungabikho kokufikelela kubuxhakaxhaka

Ulawulo lwababalo abaninzi ngoku lunika iindlela zokugqiba kwi-intanethi, kodwa iintsapho ezingeyosiNgesi zisenokuba nolwazi oluncinane lokufunda okanye ukungangeni kwi-intanethi. Imidibaniso yezonxibelelwano ye-intanethi isenokungangeni ngokupheleleyo kwindawo ethile, okanye isenokuxhasa kuphela iilwimi ezimbalwa, inyanzelisa abasebenzisi ukuba bahambe ngesiNgesi kungakhathaliseki ukuba bathanda ntoni. Iindlela zokuqala zeselula zinokubanceda, kodwa ukufuna i-cell phone enogcino-lwazi kunye nobugcisa i-avvy kusenokungasifaki esigabeni sabemi, ingakumbi abantu abadala kunye nabo bahlala ebuhlweni.

Ubuchule bokuxhasa amafama angeyosiNgesi

Inkxaso esebenzayo ifuna indlela ebanzi, evakalayo yenkcubeko ethetha ngalo lonke iqondo lenkqubo yokubala `ukusuka kulwazi kunye nokusasazwa kolwabelo ukuya kugqityelwa nokulandelwa. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zivunyiwe ukwandisa inxaxheba nocoselelo phakathi kwabantu abangengolwimi lwesiNgesi.

Nika Izinto Ezininzi Ezinentsingiselo

Inyathelo lokuqala kukwenza amacebo okubalwa afumaneke ngeelwimi ezithethwa kakhulu kuwe. Kodwa ukuguqulela nje le ndlela akwanele. Kufuneka uguqulele onke amaxwebhu enkxaso `imiyalelo, izicelo, isaziso, kunye nezinto zokufumana izinto ngezantsi] kwezo lwimi. Iinguqulelo zisenziwa ngabacuphi abakwaziyo ukubala abantu kwaye baqhelene nomahluko wenkcubeko wabaphulaphuli. Sebenzisa ulwimi olucacileyo naphi na apho kunokwenzeka, ukuphepha umgaqo osemthethweni kunye nezakhiwo ezintsonkothile.

Ukongeza kuguqulelo olubhaliweyo, nikela izinto ezisetyenziswa kwezinye iifomati ezifana noshicilelo lwesandi, ushicilelo olukhulu, kunye nebrollale kwabo banengxaki yokubona. Iinkonzo ezibonakalayo njenge pictograms, imifanekiso engumqondiso, kunye ne-screate-meter-graphics zinceda ukuvalwa kokufunda iibhulorho. Umzekelo, umzobo obonisa indlela yokudwelisa amalungu endlu ngemifanekiso efana “engundoqo,”“ umntwane,” “baby,” uyakwazi ukuqondwa jikelele kungakhathaliseki ulwimi.

Uncedo lweelwimi Ngoncedo lwamatsha - ntliziyo

Abasebenzi abasebenza ngokutyibilikayo kunye namatsha - ntliziyo aqeqeshiweyo axabisekile ekunikezeleni inkxaso entsimini. Xa encedwa ngomntu ongomnye, avumela iintsapho ukuba zibuze imibuzo ngolwimi eziluthandayo zize zifumane uncedo olukhawulezileyo. Qeqesha aba bancedisi kungekuphela ngobuchule bolwimi kodwa kwakhona kwinkqubo yokubala abantu, imithetho yangasese, kunye nokuqonda inkcubeko. Kufuneka bakwazi ukuchaza isizathu sokuba umbuzo ngamnye ubuzwa kwaye uqinisekise abathathi-nxaxheba ngokuthandabuzana ngemfihlo.

Qwalasela ukunikezelwa kobalo lwabantu ngokuxhasa ii-frices ezishushu kunye nabasebenzi abathetha iilwimi zoluntu. Ezi migca zishushu kufuneka ziququzelelwe kakuhle ngolu hlobo lobuzwe, ngeebhodi zolwazi, kunye nezixhobo zoluntu. Umzekelo, i-Census Bureauniers Bureau ine-Lwim Office exhasa iilwimi ezininzi. Ngaphezu koko, amaqela ezithuthi anokuhamba kwimimandla ephezulu enxibelelana nabathethi abangengomaNgesi ukunikela uncedo kumalayibhili-lari, kwiindawo zonqulo, kwanakwindawo yoluntu, kwanakwiminyango.

IQumrhu loLuntu neZinkokeli eziThenjweyo

Imibutho esekelwe kuluntu (CBOs) sele inokholose kakhulu kunye nolwalamano olunzulu nabemi abangeyosiNgesi abathetha isiNgesi. Ukusebenzisana namaqumrhu enkcubeko enkcubeko, amaqumrhu eethabha, amaziko entlalo-ntle, amaqela asekelwe kukholo, kunye nemibutho yoluntu olufudukayo. La maqabane anokuncedisa ekusasazeni ulwazi oluchanileyo, iziganeko ezinika ulwazi, kwaye anikezele uncedo kwimekobume engaqhelekanga nengasoyiyo.

Iinkokeli zoluntu, njengabefundisi, amams, abadala besizwe, okanye abanini-mashishini abaziwayo, ukuba babe ngamaqhawe okubala abantu. Xa umntu othembekileyo evuma ukuba abantu babekho, echaza iinzuzo nokukhuselwa kwawo ngolwimi lwasekuhlaleni, amathandabuzo ayaphela. Qeqesha ezi nkokeli ngemiyalezo engundoqo kwaye uzinike iingongoma zokuthetha, iincwadana zesizwe, kunye nezinto zevidiyo ezinokusetyenziswa kwii-intanethi zazo. Umzekelo, inkokeli yenginya yaseVietnam ethetha kwitheko loNyaka Omtsha i-ia inokuba nesigidi esifikelela kumawaka eentsapho ngesigidi esinye.

Ubuchule bokwenza ubuchule kunye nezixhobo zamanani ezisetyenziswa ngeelwimi ezininzi

Ubugcisa bunganciphisa ngokuphawulekayo imiqobo yolwimi xa lusetyenziswa ngokuqwalasela. Ukuphuhlisa ubalo-lwimi lwemiboniso-lwimi oluvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bakhethe ulwimi lwabo ekuqaleni kwangoko bagqibe lonke olo lwimi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izibuko liyiminxeba ehambayo kwaye lilungele ukudityaniswa kweminxeba esezantsi, njengoko abaninzi abasebenzisi bexhomekeke kwifowuni enogcino-lwazi olulinganiselweyo. Ukunika abasebenzi ixesha loguqulelo loqobo loncedo okanye abancedisi bencoko abanokuphendula imibuzo ngeelwimi ezininzi.

Izixhobo ezisebenzisanayo zingenza inkqubo ingasoyiki. Umzekelo, “i-census ekhokela abasebenzisi kumbuzo ngamnye ngexesha ngalinye, enesandi esivakalayo nemifanekiso ecacileyo, inokuba luncedo ngokukhethekileyo kubasebenzisi abangafundanga. Ngokufana nendlela edirectus Conferenced Memed System (edisciences kwimiba enxulumene nomkhosi weenqanawa) yenza amaqela akwazi ukulawula izinto eziqulethwe ziilwimi ezininzi ngokuphandle, i-CMS eqinileyo emva kobalo lobalo lwamaqela enqanawa inganceda abalawuli balondoloze uguqulelo nohlaziyo kumakhulu eelwimi ngempumelelo. Umaleko oququlukileyo ube ngumgcini wezixhobo ezinamandla zokusebenza.

Iiplatfomu zezentlalo-ntle kunye nee-apps ze-apps ezifana ne-AwasApp, iWeChat, kunye ne-Line zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngabantu abaphambukeli. Dissémine short, ifaka iividiyo kunye nenkcazelo yolwimi lwasekuhlaleni ngezi ziqhagamshelanisi. Sebenzisa izibhengezo ezijoliswe kumaziko okufikelela kumaqela athile olwimi. Kwakhona, cinga ukwenza izikhumbuzo ze-SMS ezikhethelweyo ngemiyalelo elula ngolwimi lomntu osebenzisayo ukuze ubancede bagqibele ukubala abantu ngaphambi kommiselo.

Iziganeko kunye neevenkile zokusebenza zoluntu lwabaququzeleli

Lungiselela kwimizi-khaya ethethayo engeyoyesiNgesi ngokukhethekileyo. Zibhengeze ezi ziganeko ngombutho woluntu kunye namajelo eendaba ohlanga. Kwindawo yoshishino, nikeza ukhokelo oluthi ngenyathelo elilandelanayo ngendlela yokugqiba ifomu yokubala, chaza injongo yombuzo ngamnye, kwaye nika abathathi-nxaxheba ithuba lokuzalisa ifomu-okanye ngoncedo olukhoyo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, nxulumana nezikolo, iikliniki zezempilo, okanye iindawo zonqulo ukuseka “izikhundla zokugqiba ubalo lobalo lwabantu. ”

Kwiziganeko zenyani, sebenzisa iqonga levidiyo elikwaziyo ukutolika ixesha lokwenene. Umzekelo, uthetha ngesiNgesi kunye notoliko lwesiSpanish, isiMandarin, okanye isiArabhu ngomjelo owahlukeneyo wesandi. Vumela abathathi-nxaxheba babuze imibuzo kwincoko okanye ngokukhulula ngolwimi lwabo olukhethiweyo. shicilela iintlanganiso zenze zifumaneke kuYouTube ngezihloko ezininzi.

Sebenzisa inkxaso ebonakalayo nebali elikwinkcubeko

Izinto ezibonisa indlela abantu abaphila ngayo, imilinganiselo, nobomi bemihla ngemihla zisebenza kakhulu kunemifanekiso karhulumente efana neyomntu othile. Bonisa imifanekiso yeentsapho, amakhaya, kunye nemimandla efana nabo bajoliswe kuko. Sebenzisa ibali ukuchaza ukubaluleka kokubalwa kwabantu: thetha iingxelo ezivela kumalungu oluntu aye angenelwa kwiinkonzo ezixhomekeke kugcino-lwazi olusekelwe kuluntu, qha, ngokungathi ngumakhulu owafumana ummandla wakhe ngenxa yokubalwa, okanye umntwana owafumana uduladula wesikolo ngenxa yokuba ummandla wakhe umelelwe ngokuchanileyo. Ezi ngxelo zithetha nzulu ngaphezu kwamanani.

Uqheliselo olulunge kakhulu lokufikelela kumanani

Ngaphandle kobuchule obungqalileyo, ukwamkela iintshukumo ezifanelekileyo kuya kuphucula zonke iinkalo zenkqubo yakho yokuxhasa. Le migaqo ifanele ikhokele ekucebeni, ekubulaweni nasekuxilongweni.

Qala Ngaphambi Kwexesha Uze Uze Uze Uthembe Abanye Ekuhambeni Kwexesha

Ukuthembana akunakumiselwa ebudeni beeveki ezimbalwa zobalo lwabantu. Ukuqalisa ukufikelela kwiinyanga ezingaphambili, phambi kokuba iindlela zithunyelwe. Sebenzisa elo xesha ukwakha ulwalamano neenkokeli zoluntu, ukuba neziganeko zokusungula ulwazi, nokususa iintsomi. Ukubakho okuzinzileyo, nokungaguquguqukiyo kuya kwenza abantu bamkeleke ngakumbi xa ixesha lifika ukugqiba le ndlela.

Baxelele Ngokuphandle Ngasese Nangemfihlelo

Kulo lonke unxibelelwano, igxininisa ukuba iimpendulo zokubalwa kwabantu zikhuselwe ngumthetho kwaye azinakwabelana nabanye abameli bakarhulumente, kuquka ukunyanzelisa ukufuduka. Lungiselela amaphepha alula, amaphepha encam embumbulu kwiilwimi ezininzi achaza ngokuchaneyo indlela i-data eza kuchazwa ngayo, kwaye ingasayi kusetyenziswa. Sebenzisa imizekelo ethetha ngokuthe ngqo ngoloyiko oluqhelekileyo: “Igama lakho nedilesi yakho zigcinwe zahlukile kwiimpendulo zakho. Akukho mapolisa okanye umphathi-majoni osebenza kwilizwe angabona ingxelo yakho.” Ukuba abasebenzi bemi-mibini-5-5 bachaza ngokuchaphandleyo indlela engayi kuzakusetyenziswa ngayo.

Ukuqokelela uHlahlo kunye noMququzeleli

Emva komjikelo wobalo, uqhuba okanye uqwalasele amaqela angenazo iilwimi zesiNgesi ukuze aqonde oko kusebenzayo noko kunokuphuculwa. Buza ngokucaca kwezinto eziguqulelweyo, uncedo, kunye nokuphumelela kwemijelo yokufumana. Sebenzisa le ngxelo ukuphucula indlela ofunda ngayo ukubala okulandelayo. Yabelana nabanye abameli ukuze intsimi iphucule intlalo.

Ilungelelanisiwe ngaphaya kwemicimbi yorhulumente kunye ne-NGO

Akukho mbutho unye onokufikelela kwikhaya ngalinye elingeyosiNgesi. Yenza umbutho oquka isixeko okanye urhulumente wengingqi, iiofisi zokubalwa kwabantu, izikolo, amasebe ezonyango, amathala eencwadi, kunye nabasebenzi benkonzo abangafumani ngeniso. Ngokuthumela iincwadi ezahlukeneyo kunye nokwabelana ngezibonelelo, uyakuphepha ukukhutshelwa nokufikelela. Umzekelo, ikliniki yempilo kawonke-wonke iyakwazi ukusasaza ulwazi ngokubala abantu ecaleni kocwangciso lokugoma, ngoxa ithala leencwadi linokufumana iintlanganiso zoncedo.

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene yenkxaso ephumelelayo

Iingingqi ezininzi ziye zasungula iinkqubo zobugcisa ezinokusebenza njengemodeli. KwisiXeko saseNew York, i- “Census 2020 Complete Count Fund” yanika izibonelelo kwimibutho esekelwe kwibutho labantu enceda abaphambukeli nabemi abangeyosiNgesi. Le mibutho yasebenzisa iilaphu zeseyile ezineelwimi ezininzi, yagcina iziganeko zoluntu, yaza yavelisa izinto ezithile ezizodwa. Ngenxa yoko, ingingqi yengiselwano eninzi kwingingqi ye-Akhawunti. Ngokufanayo, imo yaseCalifornia yafaka iphulo elibanzi kwiphulo eliquka iTV, unomathotholo, kunye nezibhengezo kusasazo ngeelwimi ezingaphezulu kwama-50, ngokuqwalasela ulwanolwanolwazi oluthe llwelo kwizinto zoluntu.

E-Australia, i-Australian Bureau of Statistics inikela iifomu zokubalwa kwabantu ngeelwimi ezingaphezu kwama-40, kunye nenkonzo yoguqulelo lweeyure ezingama-24 kunye neentlanganiso zolwazi loluntu ezinikezelwa ngabahlali abathetha iilwimi ezimbini. Zikwanikela “uncedo” lwe-app ekhokela abasebenzisi ngesandi nangeenjongo zokubona. Le migudu iye yafak ’ isandla kwinani eliphezulu lokuthabatha inxaxheba kuluntu olusuka kwelinye ilizwe.

Iintlangano ezijonge ukulawula okuqulathwe kubalo lweelwimi ezininzi ngesilinganiso, zisebenzisa inkqubo ethambileyo yokulawula izinto njenge Directus , evumela amaqela ukuba enze, azenze, kwaye apapashe okuqulethweyo kwiilwimi ezininzi ukusuka kwinqanaba elinye elingemva kwenqanawa(-canline synline synline synology ayiyombumbulu yesilivere, isusa ukhuhleko olusebenzayo oludla ngokubangela ukuba izinto ziphelelwe lixesha okanye zingaphelelanga. Xa abalawuli bebalo bayakwazi ukuhlaziya uguqulelo ngexesha lokwenene kwaye bezityhala kuzo zonke izitishini, bangasabela ngokukhawuleza ekuveleni iimfuno.

Isiphelo

Ukuxhasa amakhaya angengolwimi lwesiNgesi ekugqibeni ukubala abantu akuyomfuneko nje kuphela kodwa kuyimfuneko esebenzayo kugcino-lwazi oluchanileyo. Wonke umntu ongaxelelwanga umele ukuphoswa kwemali, phantsi kweenkonzo eziqeshiweyo, kwaye ubuthathaka kwezopolitiko kulo lonke uluntu. Ngokuqonda imiqobo `ilwimi, uloyiko, ukungaqhekeki kwenkcubeko, kunye nobuchule bamanani bokwahlula phakathi/ukuvelisa iindlela ezisekelwe kwizixhobo ezithetha ilwimi ezininzi, ubugcisa, kunye nolwakhiwo lokuthembeka, singayila inkqubo yobalo engopheleliyo.

Imikhosi yeenkonzo kufuneka izenze izivumelwano zexesha elide, iqale kwangoko, kwaye isoloko ivavanya ukusebenza kwayo. Iindlela ezidweliswe apha. Ukusuka ekunikezeni abasebenzi kunye nemigca eshushu yemibini engafaniyo ukusebenzisa izixhobo zemiboniso yamanani ezithe ngqo kunye nezobugcisa ezilungiselelwe ngokwenkcubeko, zenza imephu yendlela yokufikelela kwindlu nganye. Ngokusebenza kunye, oorhulumente, imibutho yasekuhlaleni, kunye nabaxhasi bezobugcisa bangaqinisekisa ukuba akukho namnye oshiywe ngaphandle kokubala abantu. Isiphumo sithetha ngokuchane ngakumbi, ngokulinganayo, kwaye sidlulisela ibutho apho wonke umntu alindele khona.