judicial-processes-and-legal-systems
Jury Ichazwe: Oko Ukulindela Xa Ufihlwe
Table of Contents
Inkonzo: Isikhokelo sakho esipheleleyo kwinkqubo
Ukufumana imvume yokuthumela iposi kusenokuba sisiganeko esingalindelekanga nesiphazamisayo. Abantu abaninzi banemibuzo ngoko ibandakanyayo, ukuba iza kuthabatha ixesha elingakanani, kwaye umsebenzi wabo uyintoni na. Umsebenzi we Jury ungundoqo wenkqubo esemthethweni, unika abemi ithuba lokuthabatha inxaxheba ngqo kulawulo lobulungisa. Ukuqonda inkqubo yonke . "ukusukela kwixesha ovula ngalo imvulophu ukuya kwisigqibo sokugqibela", kukunceda ufeze umsebenzi wakho wesi mvume ngentembelo nangokulula.
Enoba usebenza kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho, imbambano yamakhaya, okanye inkundla ephakamileyo yabachopheli-tyala, imigaqo esisiseko iyafana: ukungakhethi buso, ukunikela ingqalelo ngocoselelo, nokucinga ngokufanelekileyo. Esi sikhokelo sichaza inyathelo ngalinye lenkonzo yabachopheli-tyala, kuquka ukulungiselela, inkqubo yokukhetha, ukunikela ityala, intlawulo, noko umele ukwenze xa ufuna ukukhululwa okanye ukulibazisela ixesha.
Yintoni Inkonzo Yomnquba?
Umsebenzi we Jury yimbopheleleko esemthethweni yabemi abafanelekileyo ukuba basebenze njengejaji kwinkundla equlunqileyo. Ilungelo lokuchophela ityala libekwe kwiZigqibo zeSithandathu nezesixhenxe zoMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States, kwaye lisebenza kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho nawasekuhlaleni. Njengejaji, indima yakho ephambili kukuphulaphula ubungqina obunikelwayo ebudeni betyala, ukulandela imiyalelo yomgwebi ngomthetho, kwandule ke kwangamaqumrhu kunye nabagwebi abasebenza kunye nabo ukufikelela isigqibo esisekelwe koko bungqina.
I Juries isetyenziswa ukuchonga izibakala kwityala. Ijaji igqiba imibuzo yomthetho, xa ijaji igqiba ngemibuzo yenyaniso ```njengetyala okanye ityala'. Eli candelo liqinisekisa ukuba amalungu oluntu, kungekhona iingcali ezingokwasemthethweni kuphela, anokuthi ngqo kwiziphumo zempikiswano. Ukukhonza kwinkundla yokuchophela amatyala akulolungelo kuphela kodwa kukwayimbopheleleko: kuqinisekisa ukuba ukuvavanywa kubonisa amaxabiso nengqiqo eqhelekileyo yabantu abaqhelekileyo.
Ingoma Eshwankathelweyo YeJury
Isalathisi somgwebi sisixwebhu senkundla esisemthethweni esikuyalela ukuba uvele kwinkonzo yabachopheli-tyala. Sifika ngeposi iiveki okanye iinyanga phambi komhla wakho wenkonzo ocwangcisiweyo. Isaziso siquka iinkcukacha ezigxekayo malunga nendawo nexesha oza kunikela ingxelo, kwakunye nemiyalelo yendlela yokucela ukulityekwa okanye ukucela ukukhululwa. Ukungahoyi izibhengezo kusenokukhokelela kwisohlwayo, kuquka intlawulo okanye ukudelelwa kwenkundla.
Izinto Eziqhelekileyo Zofihlo
- [[UMTL: 0] Igama lakho elipheleleyo nedilesi – iqinisekisa ukubizwa kucetyelwe wena.
- Igama letyala kunye nedilesi epheleleyo – indlu ethile yenkundla apho kufuneka unike ingxelo khona.
- umhla wengxelo nexesha – idla ngokuqala ekuseni, kodwa ingahluka.
- [[UMTL: 0] Inani le-ID okanye iqela ID – isetyenziselwa ukukhangela- ngaphakathi nohlaziyo lobume.
- Imiyalelo yokuzimisela okanye ukukhulula – kuquka iimeta ezigqityiweyo kunye noxwebhu olufunekayo.
- ulwazi oludibeneyo – kwi ofisi yabachopheli- tyala ukuba unemibuzo.
Funda yonke imigca yesicelo. Ezinye iinkundla ngoku zisebenzisa iibhodi ze-intanethi apho unokuqinisekisa khona ukuba uyaya, ucela ukuphinda ucwangcise, okanye uhlole ukuba iqela lakho lisafuneka. Ukungasamkeli kakuhle kungaphumela kwisiqinisekiso sebhentshi okanye ezinye iziphumo ezingokwasemthethweni.
Indlela Yokusabela Kwizidibi Zencwadi
Xa ufumana isimemo, thatha la manyathelo:
- Qinisekisa ukuba uyafaneleka: Kufuneka ube ngummi wase-U.S., ubuncinane ubuncinane uneminyaka eli-18 ubudala, ummi wesithili sokugweba, kwaye ukwazi ukuqonda isiNgesi. Amanye amazwe akwangawafaki amatyala agwetyelweyo angakhange abuyiselwe amalungelo awo.
- Ukuba kukho ingxaki (umsebenzi, isikolo, uhambo, inkqubo yonyango), cela umva umva kwi - Internet okanye ngefowuni.
- Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba uyakufanelekela ukukhulula (umz., umsebenzi womkhosi osebenzayo, ukukhubazeka kwezonyango, iminyaka engaphezu kwama - 70 kwamanye amazwe, umgcini-mdla oyintloko), ngenisa uxwebhu olufunekayo noluxhasayo.
- Ukuba unokusebenza ngaphandle kwemibandela, phawula nje umhla uze ucebe ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukulungiselela Inkonzo Yomngcwabo
Ukulungiselela kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwengqondo ngomhla owuxelileyo. Qala ngokuqwalasela imiyalelo ecacileyo malunga noko umele ukuzisa noko ungayizise. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ceba usuku olupheleleyo, nangona ungakhululwa kwangoko ukuba akukhethwanga okanye ukuba amatyala ahlaliswa.
Oko Kuza Kuziswa
- Izazo zakho zabachopheli-tyala kunye ne-ID yefoto esebenzayo (iphepha-mvume lomqhubi, ipasi yokundwendwela, i-ID karhulumente).
- [[UMTL:0] Isiqinisekiso sedilesi ukuba uceliwe, njengemali yempumezo okanye uxwebhu lwebhanki.
- A incwadi, icwecwe, okanye omnye umsebenzi wozolo – kukho ukulindela okuninzi ngexesha lokukhetha abachopheli betyala.
- [[UMTL:0] Izingxobo kunye nebhotile yamanzi edityanisiweyo – iinkundla zendlu zinokuba neematshini zokuthengisela kodwa ezinokukhethwa zinokulinganiselwa.
- [[UMTL: 0] Ingxolo ye-Phone – iindleko zinganqabile; ibhethri ephathekayo iluncedo.
- Penicil nephepha ukuba ukhetha ukuthatha amaphetshana (ukhangela imithetho yenkundla xa uthatha iphetshana).
Imithetho Yendlela yokunxiba
Iinkundla zilindele isambatho esinentlonelo. Intengo ziqhelekile: iihempe ezigqunyiweyo, iibhulukhwe, iingubo, iilokhwe, nezihlangu ezivaliweyo. Kuphephe izimfutshane, izihloko zeetanki, iminqwazi (ngaphandle kwezizathu zonqulo), iimpahla ezikrazukileyo, kunye neentsimbi ezibonisa imbonakalo. Abagwebi namagqwetha bayazithatha nzulu inkundla, nendlela onxiba ngayo iimpembelelo zokuqala.
Ukuhamba Nokupakisha
Cwangcisa ukufika kuselithuba ngemizuzu eli-15-30 ukuvumela ukhuseleko lokhuseleko. Ukuba ukuqhuba, uphando ngeenketho zokupaka kufutshane nendlu yenkundla. Ezinye iinkundla ziqinisekisa ukupakisha okanye ukunikezela ngeendawo ezikhululekileyo; ezinye zifuna iigalaji ezihlawulwayo. Iinkonzo zothutho lukawonke-wonke okanye zokukhwela izithuthi zisoloko ziluncedo, ingakumbi kwiindawo zasedolophini apho ukupaka kubiza imali eninzi kwaye kusikelwe umda.
Okwenzeka Ngomhla Womsebenzi Wenyukliya
Ngosuku lwakho olucwangcisiweyo, uza kuhamba uthotho lwamanyathelo phambi kokuba ukhethwe ukuba usebenze kwinkundla yabachopheli-tyala okanye ugxothwe umhla. Le nkqubo ingaziva ingeyoyamntu kwaye ijongene nolawulo oluqhelekileyo, kodwa yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abalungileyo bakhethwe kwimeko nganye.
Isikrini sokhuseleko
Ukungena kwindlu yenkundla kufana nokungena kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya: kufuneka uhambe phakathi kwesixhobo sokuhlola isinyithi uze uxilongwe iingxowa zakho. Izinto ezifakelweyo ziquka izixhobo, iimela zepokotho, isitshizi sepepile, ii-scappers, yaye maxa wambi kwanezixhobo zokutsala okanye ze-elektroniki ezinkulu. Ezinye izindlu zenkundla ziyakuvala ukutya ngaphandle kwaye zisele ngaphandle kwiibhotile ezivaliweyo. Jonga ii-madi okanye iwebhsayithi yakho yenkundla ukwenzela uluhlu lwezinto ezivaliweyo ukuphepha ukulibala.
Uqhelaniso
Emva kokhuseleko, xela kwigumbi lendibano yabachopheli-tyala. Uza kuhlola inombolo yejaji yakho uze ufumane ibheji okanye isibambo sezandla. Iinkundla ezininzi zize zidlale ividiyo okanye zinike isaziso esiphilayo sokugquma inkqubo yokuvavanya, iimbopheleleko zejaji, kunye nee-logstics (njengamaxesha okwaphulwa kunye nokuphuma kongxamiseko). Nika ingqalelo: imbonakalo isoloko iquka imithetho ebalulekileyo, njengokungavumelekanga kokuxubusha ngetyala nomntu okanye ukwenza uphando lwakho.
Ukulindela Ukwabelwa Isabelo
Izixokelelwano ezininzi zenkundla zisebenza inkqubo yovavanyo olunye-suku: ukuba awukhethwanga ekupheleni kosuku, inkonzo yakho igqibelele kwixesha elimisiweyo (usoloko unyanzelo ngonyaka). Ngeli xesha ulindile, ungaxelelwa ukuba iqela lakho limile. Sebenzisa eli xesha ukulesa, sebenza kwi-laptop (ukuba ivumelekile), okanye usebenzise i Wi-Fi. Sukukruquleka; ukulibazisa kuqhelekile.
Inkqubela Yokukhetha: Isandi esincinane
Xa ityala sele lilungile, iqela labaququzeleli bejaji libizelwa enkundla. Inkqubo yokubuza nokukhetha abagwebi ibizwa ngokuba ihlaze (ukusuka kumaFrentshi “ukuthetha inyaniso”). Ijaji namagqwetha abuza imibuzo ukugqiba ukuba unokuba ngaba unokuba ngaba ungakhethi na kwaye ungakhethi kwimeko ethile.
Imibuzo Eqhelekileyo Ebuzwa Ngexesha Lomsindo
- Uyintoni umsebenzi wakho, imvelaphi yakho yemfundo, nemeko yentsapho?
- Ngaba kukho namnye kumaqela, kumangqina, okanye kumagqwetha obandakanyekileyo?
- Ngaba wakha walixhoba lolwaphulo-mthetho okanye ukumangalelwa?
- Ngaba uneembono ezingqongqo ngohlobo lwetyala (umz., ukwenzakala kobuqu, umthetho wolwaphulo - mthetho)?
- Ingaba sikhona isizathu sokuba ungabi ngolungileyo nongakhethi buso?
Iingxaki Zeatrinoyi
Emva kokuncinwa, amagqwetha asenokucela ijaji ukuba ixolise ijaji. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zocelomngeni:
- [[FLT: 0] Ityala lokwenza [ – igqwetha liphikisa ngokuthi ijaji ayinakuba namkhethe (umz., ikhethe, udibaniso lobuqu). Akukho mda kule mingeni.
- Ityala lokucinezela – igqwetha lingamgxotha umgwebi ngaphandle kokunika isizathu. Inani lemingeni yokuzikhulula lilinganiselwe (umz., 3 kwiimeko zorhulumente, 6-10 kwiimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho). Noko ke, ezi ngxaki azinakusetyenziswa ukucalula ngokusekelwe kuhlanga, ubufana, okanye ubuhlanga.
Ukuba uyaxolelwa, usenokubuyela kwigumbi lendibano yabachopheli - tyala ukuze ugqalwe njengelinye ityala okanye ukhululwe ngaloo mini.
Ukukhonza Kwityala
Ukukhethwa njengelungu letyala kuthetha ukuba uza kusebenza kulo lonke ityala, elinokuhlala ukususela kusuku olunye ukuya kwiiveki eziliqela. Izilingo zilandela ulandelelwano olucwangcisiweyo: iingxelo zokuvula, ukunikelwa kobungqina, iimpikiswano zokuqukumbela, imiyalelo yabachopheli-tyala, kunye nokucamngca. Ngexesha lokuvavanywa, kufuneka ulandele imithetho engqongqo.
Iimbopheleleko Eziyimbopheleleko Ngexesha Letyala
- [[UMTL:0] uphulaphula ngenyameko [ kubo bonke ubungqina kwaye uqwalasele iceba ngalinye lobungqina.
- [[UMTL:0] Ukungaxubushwa ngetyala naye nabani na, kuquka nabachopheli-mthetho abangoowabo, de kuqalise ingqwalasela. Kuphephe ukuthetha namangqina, amagqwetha, okanye amaqela angaphandle kwenkundla.
- Akukho phengululo lwangaphandle – awuphengululi i-intanethi, tyelela isiganeko, funda iingxelo zeendaba ngetyala, okanye sebenzisa i-media yentlalo ukuxubusha nayiphi na inkalo yetyala. Ukuba unombuzo, buza umgwebi ngephetshana.
- Thatha amaphetshana ukuba ivumelekile ngumgwebi. Iinkundla ezininzi zinika iipesenti zamaphepha neepeni. Zisebenzisela ukushicilela kuphela izibakala, hayi iinkcazo, uze uzigcine ziyimfihlo.
- [[UMTL:0] Lungela ixesha – yonke inkundla yenkundla iyakulinda. Ukuba uza kufika emva kwexesha, biza inkundla ngoko nangoko.
Iindidi Zoomeko Osenokuziva
- Amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho – urhulumente umangalela umntu ngokophula umthetho. Abachopheli-mthetho kufuneka bagqibe ukuba banetyala ngaphandle kokuthandabuza okusengqiqweni. Ijaji exhotyisiweyo yenza ukuba abachopheli-tyala abakwazi kufikelela kwisigqibo esimxhelo mnye.
- [[FLT: 0] Iimeko zeCIIL- elinye iqela limangalela omnye ngenxa yomonakalo okanye umsebenzi othile okhethekileyo. I-placttiff mayingqine imeko yabo ngokuqwalaselwa kwangaphambili kobungqina. Isigqibo asifuni kuqukwa ngamxhelo mnye kwimiqathango ethile (umz., 9 kwi 12 yegqi).
- Abachopheli-tyala Abakhulu – uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwabachopheli-tyala olugqiba enoba kunokwenzeka ukuba kukho unobangela wokutyhola omnye umntu. IGrand jurser ayimqwalaseli umntu onecala; bava ubungqina ekumfihleni kwaye bakhuphe ityala.
Isigqibo
Emva kokuba kunikelwe bonke ubungqina kwaye ijaji ikunike imiyalelo kumthetho ofanelekileyo, uza kuthatha umhlala-phantsi kwigumbi labucala ukuze ugqibe ngetyala. Ukuzimisela kusenokukhawulezisa okanye kuqhubeke ixesha elide, kuxhomekeke kubuntsonkotha nobugocigoci beqela.
Indlela Ukuzimisela Okusebenza Ngayo
- [[UMTL: 0] Khetha umphambili weqela – lo mntu ukhokela ingxubusho, uqinisekisa wonke umntu ethetha, kwaye unxibelelana nomgwebi.
- Bhegin iqwalasela ubungqina – ixubusha iceba ngalinye lobungqina, umboniso, kunye nemiyalelo yomgwebi.
- Aim kwisigqibo - kwiimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho, umgangatho ngu ngaphaya kothandabuzeko olusengqiqweni; kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni, ngu [ ugxininiso lobungqina (ngokunokwenzeka kakhulu kunangenjalo).
- Thatha izivoti ngamaxesha athile – ukuba ufikelela kwicebo eliphosakeleyo, ungacela umlawuli ukuba akunike ukhokelo okanye imiyalelo ebhekele phaya. Musa ukuziva unyanzelekile ukuba utshintshe ivoti yakho ukuze nje ugqibe le nkqubo.
- [[UMTL:0] udibanisa isigqibo [ – ukuba awuvumi, ijaji ingavakalisa ityala eliphosakeleyo (umgwebi oququzelela ityala). Ityala lingaphinda licinywe okanye liwiswe.
Emva Kwesiqalekiso
Xa ufikelele isigqibo, umgwebi ophambili uphawula ifomu yesigqibo, kwaye abachopheli-tyala babuyela kwinkundla yetyala ukuze bayivakalise. Kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho, isigqibo kufuneka sifundwe ngokuvakalayo ngumgwebi okanye umabhalane. Emva koko, ijaji ingabulela ize ikukhulule. Ukhululekile ukuxubusha ngetyala namaqela okanye namajelo eendaba, kodwa akuyomfuneko ukuba ufunde.
Ukuqokelelwa kwenkonzo kaJury
Uninzi lwamagunya anika intsebenziswano encinane yemihla ngemihla kwijaji. Izinga lohluka ngokubanzi yinkundla kwaye ngokufuthi aliwugubungeli umvuzo olahlekileyo. Umzekelo, inkundla yephondo ihlawula ii-50 (njengowama-2025) ngosuku. Iinkundla zikarhulumente zinokuhlawula kancinci nge-$10-30 (R1,00) ngosuku, kunye nemali ehlawulwayo. Ezinye iinkundla zikwanikela isatifiketi senkonzo ongayifaka kumqeshi wakho.
Umthetho womanyano awufuni abaqeshi bakho ukuba bakuhlawulele ngexesha usebenza, kodwa abaninzi banikela ikhefu elihlawulwayo lokusebenza kwinkundla yabachopheli-tyala. Khangela inkqubo yomqeshi wakho. Ukuba uqeshwa, ungafuna ukubekela bucala imali kusengaphambili, njengoko imali ehlawulwayo incinane. Amanye amazwe akuvumela ukuba ukhululeke xa ukusebenza kunokubangela ukulahlekelwa kakhulu kwengeniso okanye ezinye iingxaki.
Kwimali yemali yejaji yengingqi yangoku, tyelela U.S. inkundla yabachopheli-tyala ihlawula iphepha.
Iincamisa, ukubuyiselwa emva, kunye nokungafezeki
Iinkundla ziyaqonda ukuba iimbopheleleko zobomi neemeko zobuqu zinokwenza kube nzima.
Iinsindiso (Enganyanisiyo okanye Ezinde- Ixesha)
- ukungasebenzi kwemiqathango – iphetshana likagqirha lisoloko lifuneka.
- Umsebenzi womkhosi osebenzayo – amalungu emikhosi exhobileyo kwinkonzo esebenzayo adla ngokukhululwa.
- Age - umazwe amaninzi avumela abantu abangaphezulu kwe 70 ukuba bakhethe ngaphandle ukuba bayathanda.
- [[UMTL:0] Umnakekeli – ukunyamekela umntwana, umzali okhulileyo, okanye ilungu lentsapho elikhubazekileyo lingafaneleka.
- [ Intembeko engaziwayo [ – kwamanye amazwe, abantu abanolwaphulo-mthetho olungokwasemthethweni abangakhange babuyiselwe amalungelo asekuhlaleni abakwamkelekanga.
Intshukumo
Iinkundla ezininzi zivumela ubuncinane ukuba kubekwe ixesha elifutshane malunga neentsuku ezingama-90 okanye iinyanga ezintandathu.
- Ikhefu okanye uhambo ngeshishini
- Ixesha elinzima labafundi
- Ukuya kugqirha okanye utyando
- Imisebenzi engenakutshintshwa
Ukucela ukulibaziseka, landela imiyalelo kwiminxeba yakho okanye tyelela i website yenkundla. Musa ukusuka nje ungazihoyi izimemo; soloko uphendula, nokuba ufuna ukulibazisela ixesha.
Imiphumo Yokungaphumeleli Ukuvela
Ukuba akunamdla kwinkundla yabachopheli-tyala ubiza okanye usilela ukuvela ngaphandle kwesizathu, inkundla ingakhupha isiqinisekiso sokubamba kwakho, ukubeka ityala (ngokufuthi $100-500 [R150]), okanye ukukujongela phantsi inkundla. Kwamanye amazwe, ijaji ingakuyalela ukuba usebenze kwisebe labachopheli-tyala ngokukhawuleza kumhla omtsha. Hlala uqhagamshelana neofisi yabachopheli-tyala ukuba unexesha likaxakeka elikuthintelayo ekuboniseni. Iinkundla zikhetha ukusebenza nawe kunokuba zikugwebe.
Isiphelo
Umsebenzi we Jury ungaphezulu kunembopheleleko esemthethweni; lithuba lokuthabatha inxaxheba ngqo kumthetho womthetho. Ngokuqonda oko kumele kulindelwe `kufumana izicelo zokukhupha isigqibo ````ungawadinisa'') ngokungabi nazingcinga zininzi. Iinkundla zixhomekeke kubemi abanolwazelelelo olulungileyo njengawe ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimvavanyo zigqitywe licandelo elinqamleze uluntu, hayi ngabagwebi okanye amagqwetha kuphela.
Ukuba ubizwa, zinike ixesha lokulungiselela, buza imibuzo xa ifuneka, kwaye usebenze ngengqibelelo. Ukuqhubeka ufunda, umsebenzi .Gov iphepha lejaji unika ushwankathelo, kwaye iKhokelo yeMelika Bar inika isikhokelo senkonzo yabachopheli-mgwebi . Imithetho ye-Complete izakufunyanwa kwiwebhsayithi yakho yenkundla yasekuhlaleni. Khumbula: igalelo lwenu lunceda ekwenzeni “umquluneli woontanga benu" into yokwenene.