Unyulo lomongameli luyenye yezona nkqubo zedemokhrasi zibalulekileyo kulo naluphi na uhlanga, ingakumbi eUnited States. Lumela ilizwi elidibeneyo labemi abakhetha inkokeli yabo nokumisela ulwalathiso lwelizwe labo kwiminyaka emine elandelayo. Ukuqonda indlela le nkqubo entsonkothileyo esebenza ngayo kubalulekile kummi ngamnye ofuna ukuba nenxaxheba ngokunentsingiselo kwidemokhrasi. Olu khokelo lunentsingiselo luqhekeza lonke icandelo lenkqubo yonyulo lomongameli, ukusuka kwimibutho yokuqala ukuya kumhla wokunikezelwa kwemini.

Ukuqonda Ixesha Lonyulo Lomongameli

Inkqubo yonyulo lomongameli waseUnited States iyenzeka rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine yaye iphawulwa yinkqubela yayo entsonkothileyo nephawulekayo. Ngokutsho kweBhunga loHlomelo loMasipala, uNgqinga lwe-U.S. Lulona luntsonkothileyo, lude, lubiza imali eninzi ehlabathini. Le nkqubo iqhele ukuthatha iminyaka emibini, iqala ngeekomiti zokuhlola kwaye iphela ngokunikezelwa komongameli osandul'ukunyulwa.

Unyulo lomongameli luthatha uLwesibini emva koMvulo wokuqala ngoNovemba. Noko ke, uhambo oluya kolo suku lonyulo luqala ngaphambili kakhulu. Inkqubo yokutyunjwa komongameli e-U.S. iqala ebusika bonyaka phambi koMgaqo-siseko jikelele woNqumo kwaye uphela malunga nonyaka. Olu luhlu lwexesha elide luvumela abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bakhe igama, baphakamise imali, banxibelelane ngemithetho yabo kwilizwe lonke.

Iimfuno zomGaqo-siseko zamaCandelo obuMongameli

Phambi kokuba angenele kwinkqubo yonyulo ngokwayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ngubani onokubalekela umongameli. UmGaqo-siseko wase-U.S. umisela iimfuno ezithile ezifunekayo kubanyulwa bomongameli. Oza kubhaptizwa kufuneka abe ngummi wendalo wase-United States, ubuncinane oneminyaka engama-35 ubudala, kwaye abe ngummi waseUnited States ubuncinane iminyaka eli-14. Ezi zimfuneko ziqinisekisa ukuba umongameli unamaqhina anzulu nelizwe kunye namava obomi aneleyo ukusingatha iimbopheleleko zesikhundla.

Izixhobo zokufaka kufuneka zikhuphe amacwecwe ahlukeneyo kwirejista nganye kumazwana angama-50 ukuba zifuna ukufanelekela kwivoti karhulumente ngamnye, kunye neemfuno zokuqengqeleka ngokwahluka ngokwemeko. Le ndlela ilungelelanisiweyo ithetha ukuba ukuqhuba umongameli kufuna iiseti ezahlukeneyo ezingama-50 zemithetho nemithetho, ukongeza kuntsonkotheko lwenkqubo yephulo.

Umkhosi Wokuhlolwa Nokunduluka Kwephulo

Uhambo lokuya kuthethelela kusasele iminyaka, kuqaliswe abo basenokuba ngabaququzeleli beengxubusho, abavotelwayo, nabaqokelela imali ukuze balungiselele amaphulo abo. Ebudeni bolu cwangciso lokuhlola, abaza kuhlola ukuba bayakwazi ukufikelela kwinkonzo, bakhe izibonelelo zephulo, baze baqalise ukuhlanganisa amaqela abo.

Xa abathathi-nxaxheba begqiba kwelokuba basebenze, kufuneka baqale baxubushe ngeli phulo labo, baqalise uphando kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe ukuze bahlole amathuba abo okuphumelela, bacebe izikhundla zabo ezisemthethweni zezobupolitika kwimibandela ebalulekileyo yexesha, kwaye okubaluleke kakhulu, baphakamise imali eninzi. Inkoliso yemali yephulo lomongameli idla ngokuvela kwiikomiti zezenzo zezobupolitika (PAC), iminikelo, kunye namaqela ezobupolitika ngokwawo ngokwawo achithekelele kwimbali kunyulo lomongameli.

Ngenxa yeenguqu kwimithetho yezemali yesizwe ukususela ngowe-1970 malunga nokutyhilwa kweminikelo yamaphulo karhulumente, abathathi-nxaxheba abavela kumaqela amakhulu ezobupolitika ngokuqhelekileyo bavakalisa iinjongo zabo zokuqhuba kwangoko kunyaka ongaphambili wekhalenda (malunga neenyanga ezingama-21 ngaphambi koSuku lokwenziwa kweNgxelo). Esi saziso sangaphambili sivumela abo baza kubhaptizwa ukuba baqalise ukubhatala ngokusemthethweni kwaye bakhe izakhiwo ezibanzi zephulo elifunekayo kuhlanga lwelizwe lonke.

Inkqubo yokuqala ne-caucus

Inkqubo yonyulo lomongameli ibandakanya amaqela amabini amakhulu ezobupolitika, iDemocratic Party kunye neRiphablikian Party, eqhuba unyulo lwangaphambili olwaziwa ngokuba yiPrimie okanye i-kaucuuses ukukhetha abo baza kunyulwa kwisizwe. Olu khuphiswano lusebenza njengovavanyo lokuqala olungundoqo lokusebenza nokubhenela kumavoti.

Ziyintoni Iindiza?

Oonyulo balunyulo olukumgangatho karhulumente apho amalungu eqela abhalisiweyo evota abanyulwa abakhethiweyo. Inkqubo yonyulo iqala ngonyulo lwamaprimia kunye nonyulo ngoJanuwari okanye ngoFebruwari wonyaka wonyulo. Abaphathi bolwaphulo-mthetho balungelelaniswe ngamagunya asekuhlaleni kunye namagunya asekuhlaleni esebenzisa ibhoti yomfihlelo efihlakeleyo ukuvota abathathi beqela ngalinye abathembekileyo. Ulungiselelo nemithetho yezindlu zama-primente iyahluka ngokuphawulekayo ukusuka kurhulumente ukuya kurhulumente.

Ngexesha loMongameli woMongameli woNxulumaniso, kuphela abavoti ababhalisweyo kwelo qela lezobupolitika abanokuvota umvoteli walo mbutho. Oku kwaziwa njenge Priestle eValekileyo. Noko ke, amanye amazwe avumela utshintsho olungakumbi. Amanye amaqela ezobupolitika akhetha ukuvumela kungekho Parti (NP) i-Pareference ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwilungu lawo lokuqala ngaphandle kokuba kufuneke ukuba aphinde abhalise. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba "intlanganiso-mbhiyo" okanye iPriestlare Priciodentiediod Elungisiweyo.

Ukuqonda Kubangela Ukuqonda

Ii-caucuses zimela indlela eyahlukileyo yokukhetha abathunywa. Ngokungafaniyo ne-primiries, esebenza njengonyulo lwesithethe oluneevoti ezifihlakeleyo, ii-caucuuse ziindibano zasekuhlaleni apho amalungu eqela axubusha abathathi-nxaxheba kunye nevoti. Ezi ziganeko zifuna ixesha elininzi lokuzibophelela kwabathathi-nxaxheba kodwa zivumela ukuba kuxoxwe ngokungqalileyo nangabo batshati.

Kulapho kungena khona amaziko aphezulu kunye namacaucus. Amagqabi avela kwiphulo ngalinye leqela lezobupolitika elidlula elo lizwe ukuze azuze inkoliso yamalungu awo eqela. Ukususela ngoFebruwari iziganeko ezingundoqo zokuvota iPrivers kunye neCaucus ziza kukhokelela kukhetho lweendwendwe eziza kumela abantu kwiindibano ezizayo.

Inkqubo yothumelo

Urhulumente ngamnye, iSithili saseColumbia kunye neminye imimandla yase-US yabelwe inani labathunywa, ngokuqhelekileyo elinqunyulwa ngobungakanani babemi. Ukongeza, ifomu esetyenziswa ukulungisa inani ngoku "libuyisela" kumaphondo, ngokomzekelo, apho, kuvotelwa umlandeli woMongameli weqela lokugqibela. Aba bathunywa bamela urhulumente wabo kwindibano yesizwe kunye novoti ukugqiba umlandeli womongameli weqela ngalinye.

Zimbini iindidi zabathunywa kwinkqubo yeDidemocratic Party. Abathunywa abaqinisekisiweyo kufuneka baxhase abo babezalelwe kubo kwicaucus ephambili okanye engathi banikwe i-caucus, ngeli xesha bangakhetha ngokukhululekileyo ukuba yeyiphi i-arhente abangathanda ukuyixhasa. Ekuqaleni kowe-1980 iDamocratic Partium yazama ukubuyisela imodemocism yolawulo lobukhokeli kwimibutho yombutho-mpu ngokudala iqela elikhethekileyo labathunywa abangakhutshwanga bamazwe abaziwayo ngokuba ngamadendeli amakhulu.

IiNdibano ZeQela Lesizwe

Amaqela ezobupolitika aphethe iindibano zesizwe zokukhetha ubumongameli kunye nesekela lomongameli. Indibano yesizwe yeqela ngalinye iqhutywa ehlotyeni lonyaka wonyulo. Uninzi lweendwendwe luyafuneka ukuze kufunyanwe imvume yokutyunjwa kweli qela, elisoloko lifikelelwa kwaye laziwe ngaphambi kokuba iindibano zesizwe zivele.

Abathunywa bezorhulumente abasuka kumaprime kunye nee-kaucuuse ezikhethelwe ukumela abantu ngoku baza "kubuyisela" abathandi babo abathandekayo kunye nomphathiswa wokugqibela kwiqela ngalinye uza kubhengezwa ngokusemthethweni ekupheleni kweendibano. Umongameli oza kungenela indibano ukhetha iqabane elisebenzayo (umlandeli woMongameli weVce).

Iindibano zesizwe zisebenza iinjongo ezininzi ngaphaya kwenjongo zokutyunjwa. Zinika ithuba lokuba iqela limanyane emva kwemibhobho yalo, libonise iinkwenkwezi ezinyukayo kwiqela, libangele ihlombe phakathi kwamalungu eqela kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Ezi ndibano zikwavumela iqela ukuba linikele iqonga lalo `a uxwebhu oluchaza iindawo zeqela kwiimbambano ezinkulu.

Iphulo Eliqhelekileyo Lokhetho

Emva kokuba iindibano zigqibile, ukugxininiswa kwephulo lonyulo jikelele. Emva kokutyunjwa, abatshayeli bajolise ingqalelo yabo kwiphulo lonyulo jikelele, kumazwe ajolise ixhoba elifanelekileyo apho kungenakuqinisekiswa khona ukhetho lomvoti. Iphulo lomongameli kulo lonke elizweni lokufumana inkxaso yabemi ngokubanzi.

Imisebenzi Nemisebenzi Yephulo

Amaphulo athe athatyathwayo ade afike kuSuku loNnyulo, xa ekugqibeleni iSizwe sivota uMongameli waso. Abaza kubhaptizwa bahamba kulo lonke elo lizwe, besenza imbonakalo yasesidlangalaleni benikela neentetho. Amaphulo anamhlanje asebenzisa uludwe oluninzi lweendlela zonxibelelwano, kuquka izibhengezo zikamabonwakude, amajelo okugcina ulwazi, amaphulo okugcina ii-imeyili, ii-imeyili, ukulayishwa kweminyango ukuya kwindlu, kunye neentlanganiso ezinkulu.

Emva kokuba kunyulwe umtyunjwa weqela ngalinye lezobupolitika, abalawuli bahamba besiya kwiphulo lentloko kwintloko kulo lonke elo lizwe. Baya kwiintlanganiso zentlanganiso zemfazwe baze babe nenxaxheba kwiingxoxo ukuze bazuze inkxaso yabavoti kulo lonke uhlanga. Ngaphezu koko, bachaza izicwangciso zabo neembono zabo kwibutho labantu.

Iingxoxo zoMongameli

Iingxoxo zomongameli ziye zaba sisiseko samaphulo anamhlanje. Ezi ziganeko zonyuso zivumela abaza kubhaptizwa ukuba banikele izikhundla zabo ngqo kwizigidi zababukeli, baphendule kwiingxoxo zabachasi babo, kwaye babonise ulwazi lwabo kunye nendlela abavakalelwa ngayo phantsi koxinzelelo. Ngesiqhelo, kukho ingxoxo ethathu yomongameli kunye nenye ephakathi kobuqhophololo ngexesha lephulo lonyulo jikelele.

Ezi mpikiswano zidla ngokulungiselelwa yiKhomishoni emalunga noPhostolial Debants, umbutho ongangeni ngeniso owasekwa ngo- 1987. Indlela elungiswe ngayo, imixholo, kunye nabaququzeleli ixoxwa phakathi kwamaphulo kunye nogunyaziso. Ezi ngxoxo zidla ngokumela amaxesha abalulekileyo kumaphulo, anezenzo ezinamandla okanye ezibuthathaka ezinokutshintsha iimvakalelo zovoti.

ICandidives ezizimeleyo neQela lesithathu

Abanye abantu bakhetha ukubalekela uMongameli ngaphandle kokuba badibane neqela lezobupolitika. Aba bathathi-nxaxheba abazimeleyo abafuni kutyunjwa kweqela lezobupolitika, kodwa kufuneka bahlangabezane nezinye iimfuno. Umzekelo, kufuneka ukuba abaza kuthabatha intsalela eninzi yokuxhasa izicelo zabo baze banikezele isicelo esifanelekileyo.

Ngelixesha amaqela amancinane edlala indima kunyulo lomongameli, akukho namnye owake waphumelela. Endaweni yoko, la matheko atyekele ekutsaleni ivoti kumntu odumileyo, enika omnye umvotelwa odumileyo umphetho owongeziweyo. Phezu kwayo nje ingxaki, icandelo lesithathu kunye nabavoti abazimeleyo badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuziseni ingqalelo kwimibandela enokuthi ngenye indlela ityeshelwe ngamaqela amakhulu.

Ubhaliso olugunyazisiweyo

Phambi kokuba abemi babe nenxaxheba kunyulo, kufuneka babhalise ukuba bavote. Ukufaneleka komntu ngamnye wokuvota kumiselwe kumGaqo-siseko kwaye kumiselwe kumgangatho karhulumente. Unyaka we-15, we-19 kunye nowe-26 uMgaqo-siseko uGaqo-siseko uGaqo-siseko uGunyaziso lowiso-mthetho alunakukhanyelwa ngezizathu zohlanga okanye umbala, isini, okanye iminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo okanye ngaphezulu, ngokulandelelana. Ngapha koko, ngumthwalo wemithetho karhulumente ukulawula ukuvota nokubhalisa.

Oorhulumente balawula inkoliso yezigqibo zendlela onyulwa ngayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba wonke urhulumente unemithetho eyahlukeneyo kunye nemithetho yexesha elandelwayo yokuvota, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, ukurhoxa kovotelo, nokubala. Le nkqubo ifanelekileyo ithetha ukuba abavoti kufuneka baqonde iimfuno nemihla ekhethekileyo yorhulumente wabo.

Iimfuno zobhaliso ziquka ubungqina bobumi, ubuhlali kwiphondo, nokufikelela imfuneko encinane yobudala. Amanye amazwe avumela ukubhaliswa kosuku olunye, ngoxa amanye efuna ukubhaliswa iiveki phambi konyulo. Ngoku amazwe amaninzi anika ubhaliso kwi-intanethi, nto leyo eyenza inkqubo ifikeleleke ngakumbi kubavoti.

Umhla Wokhetho: Ukulahla Imisebenzi Yakho

Unyulo loMongameli lwenzeka ngoLwesibini emva koMvulo wokuqala ngoNovemba. Ngolu suku, izigidi zabantu baseMerika zihamba phambili ukuya kuvota iindawo kulo lonke ilizwe ukuze ziphose amavoti azo. NgoMhla woNnyulo, abavoti baya kwindawo yokuvota baze bavote i-offail yabo.

Abavoti baneenketho ezininzi zokufaka amavoloti abo, kuxhomekeka kwimithetho yabo. Uvotelo oluqhelekileyo kuMhla woNnyulo lusathandwa, kodwa amazwe amaninzi ngoku anika amaxesha okuvota angaphambili avumela abemi ukuba bavote umntu phambi koSuku lokhetho. Iposi okanye uvotelo lwangaphandle luye lwaxhaphakile, luvumela abavoti ukuba bagqibe iibhola zabo ekhaya baze bazibuyise ngeposi okanye ngokuhla okumiselwe ukuba ziphume kwiindawo ezithile.

Imithetho yonyulo yeRhulumente iqwalasela inxalenye yonyulo lomongameli wonyulo jikelele, oluquka ukhuphiswano lwengqungquthela, urhulumente, neeofisi zasekuhlaleni, ngoko ke zonke ezi ntlanga zisoloko zivela kwivoti enye. Oku kuthetha ukuba abavoti benza izigqibo kungekuphela nje malunga nobungangampu, kodwa malunga nezinye ii-ofisi ezininzi kunye namanyathelo asoloko ekhutshwa.

Inkqubo yeKholeji ye-Electoral

Enye yezona nkalo zahlukileyo nezidla ngokungaqondwa kakuhle kunyulo lomongameli waseMerika yiElectoral College. Unyulo lomongameli nomongameli waseUnited States lunyulo olungangqalanga apho abemi baseUnited States ababhaliswe ukuba bavote iibhoti ezigatyiweyo kungekhona ngokuthe ngqo ezo ziofisi, kodwa kumalungu eElectoral College.

Indlela Ikholeji Ye - Electoral Esebenza Ngayo

IElectoral College yinkqubo, ayiyondawo. OoTata Abasunguliweyo bayiseka kumGaqo-siseko, ngokwenxalenye, njengolwahlulelwano phakathi konyulo lukaMongameli ngevoti eKhonkxa kunye nonyulo loMongameli ngevoti edumileyo yabemi abafanelekayo.

I-Electoral College inabanyuli abangama-538. Uninzi lwabavoti abangama-270 kufuneka bakhethe uMongameli. Urhulumente ngamnye ufumana abanyuli abaninzi njengamalungu eBhunga (Indlu neCamelo). Iquka iWashington, D.C. ngabanyuli abathathu, kukho abachongi abangama-58 ngoku bonke.

Ngexesha lovota, abemi abavoti ngqo kubachongi kodwa bavotela abanyulwa abathenjiswe ngabo batshatiswa. Xa abantu bevota, eneneni bavotela iqela labantu ababizwa ngokuba ngabavoti. Le nkqubo ingangqalanga ithetha ukuba uvoti ethandwayo kwilizwe ngalinye imisela ukuba yeyiphi irela leevoti zikarhulumente eziza kuphosa ivoti yaloo rhulumente.

Ukuthatha umphumeleli- Zonke iminxeba. Inkqubo yorhwebo

Amashumi amane anesibhozo amazwe neSithili saseColumbia zisebenzisa inkqubo yokufumana yonke, zinika bonke abavoti bazo abavoti abafumana ivoti ethandwayo kwilizwe. IMaine neNebraska ibhatala elinye kwivoti yovoti ethandwayo kwingingqi nganye yengingqi zabo kunye nezivoti zabo ezishiyekileyo ezimbini zonyulo kumvuzo wezwe ngokubanzi.

Le nkqubo iphumeleleyo ithatha yonke kwiimeko ezininzi ithetha ukuba umvotelwa ophumeleleyo ngomda omncinci ufumana zonke iivoti zikarhulumente. Oku kwenza ukubaluleka okucwangcisiweyo "kumazwe okutsala" okanye "kumazwe achazayo".

Ukudibana Kwabahlalutyi

Intlanganiso yabavoti iyenzeka ngoLwesibini lokuqala emva koLwesithathu lwesibini kuDisemba emva konyulo jikelele. IElectoral College asiyontlanganiso enye.

NgoMvulo wokuqala emva koLwesithathu lwesibini ngoDisemba, abo bavoti badibana qha qha — kumakomkhulu mazwe abo ahlukeneyo − ukuphosa abavoti babo. Abavoti bavote ngokwahlukeneyo kumongameli kunye nesekela lomongameli, kwaye abavoti bagqithiselwa kwiBhunga.

Abakhenkethi Abangenalukholo

Ukususela ekusungulweni kwenkqubo yonyulo-mvolo-mntla wekholeji ngo1789, bekukho abangaphezu kwe-150 "abangakholwa" abanyuli, ababizwe ngenxa yokuba abazange bavote umvoti womntu onyuliweyo weqela labo. Akukho namnye kwaba bavoti bangenalukholo owakha waguqula iziphumo zonyulo. Ngoku amazwe amaninzi anemithetho ebophelela abavoti ukuba bavote abaphumelele kwivoti ethandwayo karhulumente.

ISiqinisekiso soMbutho nokuHlakulelwa

NgoJanuwari 6 wonyaka emva konyulo, intlanganiso yeBhunga elihlangeneyo iququzelelwa ukuba ivoti yonyulo iqinisekiswe. Ukuba umbutho womongameli ufumene amavoti angama-70 okanye ngaphezulu, isekela elihleliyo lomongameli weNdlu yeeNtlanganiso, ngoko uvakalisa loo mntu ukuba abe ngumongameli, ngaloo ndlela agqibe inkqubo yonyulo-voti-zincwadi.

Ngo-2022, ukudlula kweElectoral Count Reform Act kwacacisa ngokubhekele phaya iindima nemisebenzi yeBhunga kunye nesekela lomongameli ekubaleni iziqinisekiso zeElectoral College kwaye kuqinisekise ukuba iKhomishini ifumana ize iqwalasele iivoti ezibonisa ngokuchanekileyo iziphumo zonyulo. Lo mthetho wenzelwe ukuthintela ukudideka nokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yonyulo.

IMini yokuHlaziya isenzeka ngoJanuwari 20 kwisakhiwo seCapitol e-U.S. eWashington D.C. Okokuqala, uMongameli onguMongameli ufungwe nguMongameli. Bobabini baba nguMongameli noMongameli osemthethweni emva kokucaphula isifungo sesikhundla ebesisetyenziswa ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18.

UKhetho oluGciniweyo

Ukuba akukho mvoti ufumana uninzi lwevoti, le voti isiya kwiNdlu yabameli. Oku kwenzeke kabini. Ukuba akukho mvoti ufumana ubuncinane 270 iivoti zokhetho, iNdlu yabameli, ekhetha phakathi kwabagqibi abathathu abaphezulu bekholeji, inyulela umongameli ngevoti elula.

Okokuqala kwakusemva konyulo lomongameli wekhulu le-1800 xa iNdlu yakhetha uThomas Jefferson. Emva konyulo lomongameli wonyaka we-1824, iNdlu yakhetha uJohn Quincy Adams njengomongameli. Kunyulo lwama-humani, abathunywa borhulumente ngamnye kwiNdlu yeNdlu bafumana ivoti enye, kungakhathaliseki ukuba abemi belizwe bayiphi na i-Electoral College.

Ingxoxo yeElectoral Vote ne

Kunokwenzeka uphumelele kwiElectoral College kodwa uphulukane nevoti ethandwayo. Oku kwenzeka ngo 2016, 2000, kunye nezihlandlo ezithathu kwii1900. Rutherford B. Hayes (1888), Benjamin Harrison (1888), George W. Bush (2000), kunye noDonald Trump (2016) ngamnye waphumelela kwivoti yokuvota ngexesha lokufumana ivoti ethandwayo. (Kule meko yokugqibela, uHillary Clinton wafumana phantse izigidi ezintathu ezidumileyo kune-Trump.)

Oku kunokwenzeka kubangele impikiswano eqhubekayo ngenkqubo ye-Electoral College. Le nkqubo yekholeji yokhetho ingakhokelela kwiimeko apho umvotelwa ephumelela umongameli ngaphandle kokuphumelela kwivoti ethandwayo, ebalaselisa impembelelo yonyulo lukarhulumente. Ngelixesha abanye bejonga ikholeji ekhethekileyo njengendlela yokulinganisa umelo phakathi kwamazwe, intsingiselo yayo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi iyaqhubeka ingumcimbi wengxoxo.

Inkqubo ye-Electoral College ikuMgaqo-siseko wase-U. Kuza kufuneka utshintsho lomgaqo-siseko ukuze kutshintshwe le nkqubo. Ukuguqula iElectoral College ngokucacileyo kungafuna ukutshintshwa komGaqo-siseko. Lo mqobo uphezulu wokutshintsha kuthetha ukuba nakubeni kukho impikiswano, inkqubo yeKoliji ye-Electoral isekho.

Indima Yemali Kunyulo Lobuongameli

Amaphulo kamongameli wale mihla afuna imali eninzi. Iphulo lokuphumelela lubiza imali eninzi. Amaphulo amele axhase izibhengezo kwiiqonga ze-teknoloji ezininzi, aqeshe abasebenzi kuzo zonke ii-ofisi ezingama-50, aqhube uphando nophando, alungelelanise iziganeko, agcine iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokuchaza nokuvota.

Imithetho yezemali yephulo ilawula indlela imali enokuthi iphakanyiswe ngayo ize isetyenziswe ngayo kunyulo lomongameli. Amatyala kufuneka atyhile oko kunikelwa nokuhlawuliswa kwawo, kwaye kukho imida engobungakanani babantu abanokuba negalelo ngqo kumaphulo. Noko ke, ukunyuka kweePucial PaCs (IKomiti Yenyathelo LeeProlitical) namanye amaqela angaphandle aye anyusa ngokuphawulekayo inani elipheleleyo lemali ekhutshelwa kunyulo lomongameli.

Abathathi-nxaxheba banokufanelekela ukuxhasa imali kawonke-wonke, inkqubo eyenzelwe ukunciphisa impembelelo yemali yabucala kunyulo. Kodwa ke, kunyulo lwakutshanje, abathathi-nxaxheba abaphambili baye bakhetha ukungazifumani nkxaso yonyulo ngokubanzi kuba benokunyusa imali eninzi ngasese kunenkqubo yenkxaso kawonke-wonke.

Ukubaluleka Kokutsalwa Kwamazwe

Ngenxa yenkqubo yeElectoral College kunye nohlobo lokufumana olusetyenziswa ngamazwe amaninzi, amaphulo omongameli ajolise ingqalelo kakhulu kwinani elincinane lamazwana okhuphiswano. La mazwana "atsala" okanye "amazwe enkcubeko" athe apho zombini iimbaleki ezinkulu zifumana ithuba lokwenene lokuphumelela.

Ingxelo epheleleyo yokuvota kwelinye iqela ```Idemocratic okanye iRiphabliki''''' efumana ingqwalasela encinci esuka kumaphulo kuba iziphumo zimiselwe kwangaphambili. Oku kuxinene koovimba bezixhobo zephulo ekujinga-jingeni kuchaza ukuba abavoti kula maphondo babona izibhengezo zephulo, iindwendwe zabathathi-nxaxheba, kunye nezingca ezinyusweyo zilungelelaniswa kunabavoti kumazwe angadibanisiyo.

Iingxelo ezingqalileyo ezithi ukutshintsha kwemimandla kusenokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko iinguqu zemeko yamanani nezobupolitika zitshintsha. Amazwe awayekade ethembekile eRiphabliki okanye elawulwa yidemokhrasi anokuba nokhuphiswano, ngoxa amazwe awayekade ekhuphisana anokukwazi ukukwazi ukutshintsha.

Ukunduluka Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba

IVoter ijika-jika-jika-jika ngezantsi ipesenti yabavoti abafanelekileyo abaphosa imidlalo enzima ngokuphawulekayo ukusuka kunyulo ukuya kunyulo. Unyulo lomongameli lubona ukujika okuphezulu kunonyulo oluphakathi kwexesha, kodwa iUnited States isoloko inendawo ephantsi yomvoti kunabanye abaninzi abaphuhlisiweyo.

Iimeko ezininzi zichaphazela umvoti orhoxayo, kuquka ukhuphiswano logqatso, ukuphumelela kwemigudu yokuphuma ngaphandle kwevoti, imithetho yokuvota, ukunceda kokuvota (njengokuvota kwangethuba kunye nokukhetha iposi), kunye nokuvota kwengqiqo yokuba izinto zabo zokuvota. Inkqubo yekoleji ye-Electoral ingachaphazela ukujika, njengokuba abavoti kumazwe angengawo anokucinga ukuba ivoti ayiyonto ilandelayo.

Imigudu yokwandisa ivoti iquka ihlomelo lokuvota, amaphulo okuvota, amaphulo okufundisa malunga nenkqubo yokuvota, ukwanda kovota kwangethuba kunye nokukhetha iposi, kunye nokwenza uSuku lokhetho lube yiholide okanye ukufudusela kwimpelaveki. Zonke kwezi ndlela zikhuthaza abaxhasi nabagxeki, kwaye iingxoxo eziphathelele ukufikelela ekuvotelweni nokuthembeka konyulo ziyaqhubeka ziyimibandela ebalulekileyo yezobupolitika.

Indima Yezorhwebo Nezobugcisa

Ingxelo yamajelo eendaba idlala indima ebalulekileyo kunyulo lomongameli. Amajelo eendaba aqhelekileyo afana namaphephandaba, iinkqubo zikamabonwakude, kunye neziteshi zikanomathotholo anikela ukuchongwa kweendaba, iingxoxo zomamkeli, kwaye anika uhlalutyo ngogqatso olukhoyo. Ukwanda kweendaba zentsontelo zentsimbi kwaveza unyulo lweeyure ezingama-24, ngelixa i-intanethi kunye namajelo eendaba entlalo-ntle iye yayiguqula ngokubhekele phambili indlela amajelo anxibelelana ngayo nabavoti nendlela ulwazi lwabavoti olufikelela ngayo kubantu abatsha.

Amaqonga ezentlalo-ntle avumela abavoti ukuba banxibelelane ngqo nabavoti ngaphandle kwezithethe ze-media. Imikhankaso isebenzisa ugcino-lwazi oluntsonkothileyo ukujolisa abavoti abathile ngemiyalezo elungisiweyo. Noko ke, obu bugcisa buye baphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nenkcazelo ephosakeleyo, ukuphazamisana namazwe asemzini, ukuzifihla, nokudalwa kwamagumbi eendlebe apho abavoti badibana khona kuphela nolwazi olungqinela iinkolelo zabo ezikhoyo.

Ukukhangela inyaniso kuye kwaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokupapashwa konyulo, nemibutho yendaba kunye nabakhangeli abazimeleyo benyaniso abavavanya ucoselelo lweengxelo zabavoti. Noko ke, ukuphumelela kokukhangela inyani ekutshintsheni iimbono zovoti kusengumbandela wengxoxo.

Unqabiseko Lokhetho Nengqibelelo

Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokuthembeka konyulo kuyinto engundoqo kwidemokhrasi. I-United States isebenzisa inkqubo yonyulo elungelelanisiweyo, nesizwe ngasinye esinoxanduva lokuqhuba unyulo. Oku kuthotho lunika iinzuzo ezithile zokhuseleko.

Ukhuseleko lokhetho luquka ukukhusela izisongelo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukuhlaselwa kwenkqubo yokuvota ngekhompyutha okanye ii-data zokuvota, ukukhuselwa ngokoqobo kweevoti kunye nezixhobo zokuvota, kunye namaphulo okukhupha ulwazi acetyelwe ukudida abavoti okanye ukuphelisa intembelo kwiziphumo zonyulo. Amagosa okhetho, iingcali zokungakhuselwa kwekhompyutha, kunye namaziko okuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho iyasebenza kunye ukufumanisa nokucombulula ezi zisongelo.

Emva konyulo, imigaqo emininzi eqhuba uphicotho-zincwadi ukuqinisekisa ukuba amavoti abalwa ngokuchanekileyo. Olu xwebhu lungabandakanya iibhola zokubhala iphepha ezibhalwe ngesandla ukuthelekisa namanani omatshini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zokuvota zisebenza kakuhle, nokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zilandelwa kuyo yonke inkqubo yonyulo.

Ukuthuthwa Kwamandla Ngoxolo

Enye yeziphawuli zedemokhrasi yaseMerika kukudluliselwa koxolo kwamandla ukusuka komnye ulawulo ukuya kolulandelayo. Emva kokuba iziphumo zonyulo ziqinisekisiwe kwaye umongameli omtsha eqaliswe, ulawulo oluphumayo lusebenzisana nolawulo oluzayo ukuqinisekisa utshintsho olugudileyo.

Eli xesha lenguquko libandakanya ukufutshaniswa komongameli omtsha neqela lakhe kwimicimbi yokhuseleko lwesizwe, imiba yenkqubo eqhubekayo, kunye nemisebenzi karhulumente wesizwe. Ulawulo oluzayo lukwaqalisa inkqubo yokumisela amawaka amagosa kwizikhundla kulo lonke isebe eliphetheyo.

Ukudluliselwa koxolo kwegunya kumela ukuzibophelelela kwimigaqo yedemokhrasi ngaphezu kweenjongo zocalucalulo. Kubonisa ukuba kwidemokhrasi, igunya lezobupolitika ekugqibeleni lixhomekeke ebantwini, kwaye amagosa anyuliweyo angamagosa okwexeshana alo gunya amele aliyeke xa abavoti bekhetha ukhokelo olutsha.

Imeko kunye nokhetho lwengingqi kwi Balot efanayo

Ngoxa unyulo lomongameli lufumana ingqalelo eninzi, abavoti benza izigqibo ezingolunye utshintsho neminye imicimbi emininzi ngexesha elinye. Unyulo lweNdlu yabameli neNdlu yeeNtlanganiso lwenzeka ngexesha elinye nonyulo lomongameli. Amazwe amaninzi akwaba nonyulo lwerhuluneli, ababhali-mthetho bephondo, nezinye iiofisi zikarhulumente ebudeni beminyaka yonyulo lomongameli.

Unyulo lwezibonda zedolophu, amalungu ebhunga lesixeko, amagosa ephondo, amalungu ebhodi yesikolo, nezinye iindawo zasekuhlaleni zisenokuvela kwisixhobo esinye sokuvota. Ngaphezu koko, amaphondo amaninzi aquka imilinganiselo yokuvota okanye izindululo ezivumela abavoti ukuba bagqibe ngokungqalileyo kwimibuzo ethile yemigaqo okanye kwiinguquko zomgaqo-siseko.

Le mijaho yelothe neyokuvota inokuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla babonyulwa, ngokufuthi ngokungqalileyo kunonyulo lomongameli. Amagosa ongingqi enza izigqibo ngezikolo, iindlela, ukhuseleko, nerhafu yasekuhlaleni. Amagosa karhulumente amisela iinkqubo zemfundo, ezonyango, izaphuli-mthetho, neminye imibandela emininzi. Ukuqonda i-collator kunye nokukhetha ngolwazi kuzo zonke iintlanga kunye nemilinganiselo kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezentlalo-zwe.

Imbali Yokuguquka Koonongameli

Inkqubo yonyulo lomongameli iye yaguquka ngokuphawulekayo ukususela kunyulo lokuqala lomongameli ngowe-1789. ekuqaleni, umGaqo-siseko wanika ukuba umnyuli ngamnye afake amavoti amabini kamongameli, kunye nembaleki enokuba lisekela lomongameli. Le nkqubo ngokukhawuleza yangqinela ingxaki kwaye yatshintshwa ngoMphetho-mda we-12 ngo-1804, eyamisela amavoti ahlukeneyo omongameli kunye nosekela-mongameli.

Ukwanda kwamalungelo okuvota kuye kwaba yenye yezona nguqulelo zibalulekileyo kunyulo lwaseMerika. Ekuqaleni, kuphela abanini-mpahla bamadoda abamhlophe abanokuvota kumazwe amaninzi. UMthetho wokuHlaziywa we-15 we-1870) walela ukungavumi ukuvota ilungelo lokuvota ngokusekelwe kuhlanga, nangona uqheliselo lolwaphulo-mthetho lwaqhubeka ukuthintela ama-Afrika amaninzi ekuvoteni de kube yi-Outting Rights Act of the Congetion of 1965. Umiselo lwe-191020) lwanika amabhinqa ilungelo lokuvota. UMthetho we-26 weSinyusombululo (1961) wathoba iminyaka yovota (196)

Inkqubo engundoqo yokukhetha iqela elineminenga yeyona nkqubela-phambili yangoku. Kwimbali enkulu yamaMelika, iinkokeli zeqela zakhetha abachopheli kwiindibano ngaphandle kwegalelo elisuka kubavoti abaqhelekileyo. Inkqubo esisiseko yaphuhliswa ngokuthe ngcembe ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwaye yaba yeyona ndlela iphambili yokukhetha ii-amines emva kotshintsho kwii-1970.

Imbono Yamazwe Ngamazwe Ngokhetho LwaseMerika

Inkqubo yonyulo lomongameli waseMerika ikhethekile phakathi kolawulo-melo. Inkoliso yamazwe olawulo-moya asebenzisa iinkqubo zepalamente apho abavoti bemimiselo evotiweyo, kwaye abo balawuli bemithetho ngoko bakhetha intloko karhulumente. Unyulo oluthe ngqo lukamongameli aluqhelekanga kakhulu, kwaye inkqubo yeElectoral College iqheleke phantse ngokupheleleyo eUnited States.

Abaqwalaseli bezizwe ngezizwe basoloko befumana unyulo ludida, ingakumbi inkqubo yeElectoral College, ixesha lephulo, indima yemali kwezobupolitika, kunye nolawulo olulungeleleneyo lonyulo. Noko ke, unyulo lwaseMerika lukwatsala ingqalelo ebalulekileyo yezizwe ngezizwe ngenxa yendima ye-United States kwimicimbi yehlabathi lonke. Isiphumo sonyulo lomongameli waseMerika sinokuba neziphumo ezibalulekileyo kulwalamano lwezizwe ngezizwe, urhwebo, ukhuseleko, kunye nemicimbi yehlabathi njengeenguqu-mozulu.

Ubandakanyeko Lomsebenzi Ngaphandle Komsebenzi

Ngoxa ukuvota kuyindlela ecacileyo abemi abathabatha inxaxheba ngayo kunyulo lomongameli, kukho ezinye iindlela ezininzi zokubandakanyeka kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi. Abami banokuvuma ukwenza amaphulo, ukufowunela, ukunkqonkqoza ezindlwini, okanye ukuncedisa kwihlomelo lokuvota. Banokuya kwiziganeko zephulo, iiholo zedolophu, neengxoxo zokufunda okungakumbi ngeembambano nangemibandela.

Kwakhona ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika kunokuquka ukuxubusha ngezobupolitika nabahlobo kunye nentsapho, ukuhlala wazi ngeziganeko zakutshanje nemiba yezomgaqo-nkqubo, ukuqhagamshelana namagosa anyuliweyo ukuze avakalise izimvo zawo, nokuba nenxaxheba kwimibutho yobuhandiba exhasa imicimbi exhalabisayo. Abanye abemi babandakanyeke ngokunzulu ngakumbi ngokuzifunela izikhundla, ngokusebenzela amaqela ezobupolitika okanye amaphulo, okanye ngokuba ngamagosa onyulo okanye abasebenzi bonyulo.

Imfundo ye-CUBIC ibalulekile ekulondolozeni idemokhrasi esempilweni. Ukuqonda indlela inkqubo yonyulo esebenza ngayo, indlela urhulumente asebenza ngayo nendlela yokuvavanya inkcazelo yezobupolitika bubuchule obubalulekileyo kubemi. Izikolo, amathala eencwadi, imibutho yezentlalo, namajelo eendaba zidlala zonke iindima ekunikezeleni imfundo yezentlalo-ntle.

Isiphelo: Ukubaluleka Kokuqonda Le nkqubo

Inkqubo yonyulo lomongameli intsonkothile, ebandakanya amaqondo amaninzi ukusuka kwisigaba sokuqala sokuhlola ukuya kwizithuba eziphezulu, kwiindibano zesizwe, kwiphulo jikelele lonyulo, kwi-Ovectory yeSikolo soPhuhliso, kwivoti ye-Electoral College, kwi-credial commental, kwaye ekugqibeleni inikezelwe. Oku kuntsonkotha kubonisa isakhiwo sorhulumente waseMelika kunye nokulungelelanisa ngenyameko izicwangciso zomGaqo-siseko ezifuna ukubetha izilangazelelo neenkxalabo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuqonda le nkqubo kubalulekile kubemi abanolwazi. Xa beqonda indlela abanyulwa ngayo oomongameli, banokuba nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo, benze izigqibo ezithe kratya, baze baphendule amagosa anyuliweyo. Banokubandakanyeka kwiingxoxo ezithe zathi zatshintshwa kwinkqubo baze baqonde iziphumo zeenguqu ezicetyisiweyo.

Phezu kwayo nje intsonkothe yayo kunye neengxoxo eziqhubekayo eziphathelele utshintsho olunokwenzeka, inkqubo yonyulo engomongameli iseyindlela amaMerika akhetha ngayo inkokeli yawo aze asebenzise amalungelo awo edemokhrasi. Kwiminyaka emine, le nkqubo inika abemi ithuba lokuvavanya ulwalathiso lwelizwe labo, baqwalasele imibono eyahlukileyo ngekamva, baze benze amazwi abo aviwe ngeevoti zabo.

Inkcazelo eninzi ephathelele inkqubo yonyulo lomongameli, ungatyelela iUSA.gov iphepha lonyulo , elinika ubuncwane obubanzi malunga nokuvota nonyulo. Ugcino-Mali lwe-Electoral College iphepha linikela iinkcukacha ngendlela iElectoral College esebenza ngayo. Ngaphezu koko, [[FLT:] iUMTHELEZO WE-UMALI [[FUM].S .UMALI-UNIKS] inika oovimba malunga nokhetho nokhuseleko.

Nokuba ngaba ungowokuqala okanye ungumvoti odlale inxaxheba kulawulo-mpukane, ukuqonda inkqubo yonyulo lomongameli kukunika amandla okuba uthabathe inxaxheba ngokuzeleyo kwenye yemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yoluntu kwidemokhrasi yaseMelika. Ngokuhlala ufundile, ubandakanyeke kwimibandela, kwaye usebenzise ilungelo lakho lokuvota, unegalelo kwiprojekthi eqhubekayo yedemokhrasi yokuzilawula ngokwayo okuchaza uvavanyo lwamaMelika.