Table of Contents

Ukuqonda Inkululeko Yokuthetha: Ukhokelo Olufanelekileyo Kumalungelo Neembopheleleko Zakho

Inkululeko yokuthetha imele njengenye yamalungelo abantu axatyisiweyo nasisiseko kuluntu olulawulwa ngedemokhrasi ehlabathini lonke. Le nkululeko ibalulekileyo ivumela abantu ukuba bachaze iingcamango zabo, iimbono, iinkolelo, kunye neengcamango ngaphandle koloyiko lwempindezelo karhulumente, ukuhlalutyiswa, okanye ukugwetywa okusemthethweni. Ngaphezu nje kokhuseleko olusemthethweni, inkululeko yokuthetha isebenza njengesiseko solawulo-demokhrasi, ibangela abemi ukuba babe nenxaxheba ngokunentsingiselo kwintetho yesidlangalamli, inika iinkokeli zabo ityala, kwaye inegalelo kwintengiso yeengcamango eziqhubela phambili kwinkqubela-ntlalo kunye nophuhliso.

Ukuqonda ubukhulu, imida, kunye nentsingiselo esebenzisekayo yamalungelo okuthetha kubaluleke kakhulu kumntu ngamnye ofuna ukusebenzisa le nkululeko ngokufanelekileyo ngoxa ehlonela amalungelo abanye. Olu khokelo lunentsingiselo epheleleyo iphanda ukuba inkululeko yokuthetha ithetha ithetha ntoni ngokwenene, indlela esebenza ngayo ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo, apho imida yayo ikhoyo, kwaye kutheni ukukhusela eli lungelo lisisiseko kusebalulekile ukuze kugcinwe abantu benamandla, bahlukene, kunye nabo bakwidemokhrasi.

Ukuchaza Ilungelo Elisisiseko — Yintoni Inkululeko Yokuthetha?

Inkululeko yokuthetha, ekwabizwa ngokuba yinkululeko yokuchaza, lilungelo lokucacisa iimbono neengcamango ngaphandle kokuphazamisa okanye ukohlwaya okuvela kurhulumente. Le nkululeko isisiseko iquka okungaphezulu kakhulu kunegama elithethwayo (iquka unxibelelwano olubhaliweyo, intetho yobugcisa, intetho yokomfuziselo, kwaneendidi ezithile zehambo ezidlulisela umyalezo okanye imbono.

Enyanzelweni yayo, inkululeko yokuthetha ikhusela ubuchule bakho bokwabelana ngeengcamango, iinkolelo, kunye neembono zakho ngokukhululekileyo ngee-apply ezahlukeneyo kunye neeplat. Ukuba ngaba ubhala iposi, uthatha inxaxheba ekuqhankqalazeni koxolo, wenze imifanekiso ecel ’ umngeni izithethe zentlalo, ukunxiba iimpahla zezopolitiko, okanye ukuncokola nabahlobo nabamelwane, le misebenzi idla ngokuphantsi kwesambulela esikhuselekileyo samalungelo okuthetha ngokukhululekileyo.

Ingcamango yokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo iye yaqalisa ngokuphawulekayo ukutyhubela imbali, ijikelezo lentanda-bulumko, imizekelo engokomthetho, kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni. Iingingqi zedemokhrasi zamandulo ezifana ne-Athene zaziyixabisa ingxoxo nentetho evulekileyo, ngoxa iinkcuba - buchopho ezikhanyiselweyo njengoJohn Stuart Mill noVoltaire zaxhasa ukubaluleka kokuvumela iimbono ezahlukeneyo ukuba zikhuphisane kuluntu. Namhlanje, inkululeko yokuthetha igqalwa ehlabathini lonke njengelungelo lomntu, elisekelwe kumaxwebhu afana neSindululo Sesizwe Samalungelo Abantu kwaye likhuselwe ngamalungiselelo omGaqo-siseko kumazwe amaninzi.

Iintlobo Zentetho Ekhuselweyo

Inkululeko yokuthetha ikhusela iintetho ezahlukahlukeneyo, ngamnye udlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindlela abantu abathetha ngayo nabanenxaxheba ngayo:

  • Unxibelelwano lwe-Verbal:[ lwathetha amazwi kwincoko, iintetho, iintetho, iingxoxo, iingxoxo, kunye nee-promss zikawonke-wonke
  • [[UMTL: 0] Intetho yeWritten:[ Iincwadi, amanqaku, iiblogs, imixholo ye menu yencoko yababini, oonobumba, nezinye izinto ezibhaliweyo
  • Inkcazo yobuntlola: ipeyinti, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, umculo, umngqungqo, iholo yemidlalo yeqonga, ifilimu, nezinye izinto zokudala
  • Intetho ye- Elula:[ Izenzo nemiqondiso edlulisela imiyalezo, enjengemiboniso yeflegi, iintambo zomkhono, okanye imiboniso yoxolo
  • Intetho ebanzi: Izibhengezo nonxibelelwano lorhwebo, nangona isoloko iphantsi kwemimiselo eyongezelelweyo
  • Intetho ecacileyo: Intetho enxulumene norhulumente, nezobupolitika, kunye nemicimbi kawonke-wonke, efumana eyona nqanaba liphezulu lokhuseleko

Ukuqonda ukuba inkululeko yokuthetha iquka olu luhlu luninzi lwemisebenzi yentelekelelo kunceda kucace isizathu sokuba eli lungelo libaluleke kangaka kwinkululeko yomntu ngamnye nakwinxaxheba yedemokhrasi. Ayikukhuselwa nje kuphela iimbono ezithandwayo okanye ezivunyiweyo . Uvavanyo lokwenyaniso lokukhusela inkululeko yokuthetha lukukukhusela ukungathandwa, ukuphikiswa, okanye ukucelw'intsothelo enokwenza abanye bangakhululeki.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko Sokuthetha Ngenkululeko eUnited States

EUnited States, inkululeko yokuthetha ifumana ikhuselwa ngokuphandle ngoMgaqo-siseko Wokuqala, othi "Umthetho owiswe umthetho awuyi kwenza... kungabikho mthetho... ovala inkululeko yokuthetha, okanye yamaphephandaba. Eli binzana libonakala lilula liye lavelisa iinkulungwane zeminyaka yokuchazwa komthetho, izigqibo zenkundla, kunye neengxoxo eziqhubekayo malunga nomgangatho ofanelekileyo kunye nemida yokuzichaza ngokukhululekileyo.

Ngokuyintloko uMphengululo Wokuqala umisela ulawulo lukarhulumente, okuthetha ukuthi uthintela urhulumente, urhulumente kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni ekucutheni okanye ekuthetheni. Lo ngumahluko obalulekileyo abantu abaninzi abangawuqondiyo: uMphengululo Wokuqala awusoloko usebenza kubantu abazimeleyo, amashishini, okanye imibutho. Inkampani yabucala ingakwazi ukumisela eyayo imigaqo yayo equlethe izinto ezifunekayo, icandelo lezezezentlalo lingakhetha ukuba ngubani othetha kwiprojekthi yayo .

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, iNkundla Ephakamileyo iye yavelisa iimvavanyo neemfundiso ezahlukahlukeneyo zokugqiba ukuba intetho ifumana nini ukhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko naxa urhulumente enokuthi ngokufanelekileyo abeke imiqathango esesikweni. Ezi zicwangciso zomthetho zizama ukulungelelanisa ukubaluleka okusisiseko kokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nxamnye nezinye izilangazelelo ezinyanzelekileyo zikarhulumente, ezinjengokhuseleko loluntu, nokhuseleko lomntu ngamnye.

Imfundiso Eyintloko Yenkundla Ephakamileyo Ngenkululeko Yokuthetha

Imigaqo emininzi ebalulekileyo engokwasemthethweni ikhokela indlela iinkundla eziwajonga ngayo amatyala enkululeko yokuthetha:

Imithetho esekelwe ngokusekelwe kumxholo nolukuko-luluhlu lomlomo: ethintela intetho esekelwe kulwakhiwo lwayo okanye kwimbono yayo ijongene nohlalutyo olungqongqo kwaye ingumthetho ongathathi ncam. Imimiselo equlathiweyo ethintela ixesha, indawo, okanye indlela yokuthetha ngaphandle kokubhekiselela kwisigidimi sayo ifumana uhlolo olulula, ukuba inceda izilangazelelo zikarhulumente ezibalulekileyo kwaye ishiya eminye imijelo yonxibelelwano evulekileyo.

Imfundiso yokuthintela urhulumente phambi kokuba kuthethwe inqandwe kwaye ivunyelwe kanqabile. INkundla ePhakamileyo iye yaseka ukuba ngaphambi kokuba inkcazo ifumane imigaqo enzima echasene nokusebenza komgaqo-siseko, ifuna urhulumente ahlangabezane noxanduva oluphezulu kakhulu lobulungisa.

Uhlaziyo lwePulcic: Umgangatho wokhuseleko lokuthetha olukhululekileyo usoloko uxhomekeke kwindawo apho intetho ikhoyo khona. Iindawo zoluntu eziqhelekileyo njengezitrato neepaki zifumana ukhuseleko oluphezulu, ngelixesha intetho ingeyoyaburhulumente okanye kwimpahla engavunywanga ngokwesithethe inokuba phantsi kwemiqathango esengqiqweni.

Imfundiso ezigquma isonka ezingacacanga: imithetho ethintela ukuthetha kufuneka ibhalwe ngokuchanileyo. Imithetho ebanzi kakhulu, etshayelela kwintetho ekhuselweyo kunye nentetho engakhuselekanga, okanye engacacanga kangangokuba abantu abakwazi ukuqonda into eyalelweyo, ingabethwa njengengachananga.

Ubuthathaka Obubalulekileyo Nezinto Ezikhethekileyo Ekuthetheni Ngenkululeko

Nangona inkululeko yokuthetha ililungelo elisisiseko, ayiphelelanga. Iinkundla ziye zamkela iindidi eziliqela zentetho ezifumana ukhuseleko olulinganiselweyo okanye ezingafumani luKhuseleko lokuqala ngenxa yokuba zibangela umonakalo othile okanye zisebenza kancinci ekusebenziseni amalungelo okuthetha ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kubalulekile ekusebenziseni amalungelo okuthetha ngokunesidima nasekuqondeni xa intetho ingaphaya kwemida esemthethweni.

Ukuvuselela Isenzo Esingenamthetho

Intetho ejolise ekuvuseleleni okanye ekuveliseni isenzo esimandundu esimandundu somthetho kwaye isenokukhuthaza okanye ivelise isenzo esinjalo ayikhuselwa nguMphengululo wokuqala. Lo mgangatho, omiselwe kwimeko yophawu lweBrandenburg v.Ohio, ufuna iziqalelo ezintathu: intetho kufuneka icace okanye ikhuthaze ngokupheleleyo isenzo sokuchas' umthetho, isenzo solwaphulo-mthetho kufuneka sibe sesona sisondele kuneso xesha elithile elizayo elingenasiphelo, kwaye isenzo sokuchas' umthetho kufuneka senzeke.

Esi sithintelo esiphezulu esimele sihlangatyezwane, esilungiselelwe ukukhusela impikiswano eqinileyo yezobupolitika ngelixesha sithintela intetho ebangela umonakalo okhawulezileyo. Ukungalawuleki kogonyamelo okanye ukwaphula umthetho kwixesha elizayo kusoloko kukhuselekile, kodwa ukuphenjelelwa ngqo kwihambo engekho mthethweni kwangoko akunjalo.

Izisongelo Zokwenyaniso Noloyiko

Iingxelo ezibumba izisongelo zokwenene,-----ezinzulu ezifuna ukwenza ugonyamelo olungekho mthethweni kumntu othile okanye kwiqela elithile, azikhuselekanga. Umahluko ongundoqo uphakathi kwezibaluleko zezobupolitika okanye ubuchule bokuthetha obushushu, obufumana inkuselo, nezisongelo zokwenene ezibeka amaxhoba uloyiko olusengqiqweni lokwenzakala komzimba okanye ukufa.

Iinkundla zihlolisisa umongo, indlela abasabela ngayo abantu, nokuba umntu osengqiqweni uyayigqala kusini na le nto njengeyinjongo enzulu yokubeka ityala xa kufunyaniswa enoba ukuthetha kusisisongelo sokwenyaniso kusini na.

Ukuvukela: Ukukhulula Nokuhleba

Iingxelo zobuxoki zento yokuba intlebendwane yomntu isenokuba kukunyeliswa, okungakhuselwanga ngokupheleleyo yiSihlaziyo sokuqala. Ukugxothwa kuthabatha iindlela ezimbini: isoli (ukunyeliswa okubhaliweyo) kunye nokunyeliswa (ukunyeliswa). Noko ke, umthetho wokunyelisa kufuneka ulungelelanise ukhuseleko lomntu nxamnye nezilangazelelo zenkululeko yokuthetha, ingakumbi kwimicimbi exhalabisa abantu ngokubanzi.

Amanani kawonke-wonke namagosa kawonke-wonke ajongene noxanduva oluphezulu xa emangalelwa ukunyeliswa, kufuneka angqine ukuba iintetho zobuxoki zazenziwe ngolunya," ithetha ukuba isithethi sayazi ukuba le ntetho yayibubuxoki okanye yayenze ngokungakhathali. Abantu ababucala abamangalela inyaniso ngokwemicimbi kawonke-wonke kufuneka babonise ukungakhathali kuphela, ngexa abo bamangalela imicimbi yabucala bebodwa bejongene nomthwalo ophantsi.

Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iingxelo zokwenyaniso azinakuyihlambela, yaye iimbono zazo azinakuchana kwizinto eziyinyaniso ngokuqhelekileyo zikhuselwa ngokupheleleyo.

Ukungagqibeki

Izinto ezixhaphakileyo azikhuselwa yiMpanzi yoQala, nangona ukuchaza ubunyhukunyhuku kuye kwangqinwa kulucelomngeni. INkundla ePhakamileyo yaseka uvavanyo oluziinxalenye ezintathu eMiller v. eKhalifoniya: izinto ezizodwa ziyalonakalisa ukuba umntu oqhelekileyo, osebenzisa imigangatho yengingqi yengingqi yengingqi, uya kufumanisa ukuba zinomtsalane kumdla ophezulu; zibonisa okanye zichaza ihambo yesini ngendlela echasene negunyazisayo; kwaye azinalo igalelo elinzulu lobucukubhede, lobugcisa, lwezobupolitika, okanye lwenzululwazi.

Olu ludidi olumxinwa, yaye uninzi lwamaxwebhu achaza iintlobano zesini aluvumelani nengcaciso esemthethweni yezono. Intetho engcolileyo, ngoxa ikhuselwe kwiimeko ezininzi, isenokuthotyelwa phantsi kwemiqathango yexesha, indawo, nendlela, ingakumbi kumajelo-ndaba okanye kwimimiselo apho abantwana bekhona.

Ukulwa Namazwi Nentetho Eneembonakaliso

Imfundiso "yamazwi alwayo" ibambelele kwimfundiso yokuba amazwi abangela umonakalo okanye atyekele ekukhuthazeni ungquzulwano olukhawulezileyo loxolo akakhuselwa. Noko ke, oku kukhetha kuye kwaqondwa ngokufutshane kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, kwaye iinkundla azisoloko zixhasa imiqathango esekelwe kumazwi okulwa.

Kufuneka intetho ingabi yeyokucaphukisa, yokuthuka okanye evuselelayo ukuphuma ngaphandle kokhuseleko loMphetho wokuqala wesiHlomelo, kufuneka ibe zii-epithithi zokuxhaphaza ezijoliswe kumntu othile kwinkxwabangxwa ephambi komntu othile ojongene naye enokuba ibangela ugonyamelo.

Ubuqhetseba Nezibhengezo Zobuxoki

Urhulumente usenokungakuvumeli ukubhengezwa okanye ukulahlekisa abantu, aze alawule intengiso ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqhathwa kwabathengi, nangona loo mithetho imele ilungiselelwe urhulumente.

Amanyala Abantwana

Izinto ezibonisa abantwana ababandakanyeke kwihambo ecacileyo ngokwesini azikhuselekanga ngokupheleleyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziyayifikelela na ingcaciso engokwasemthethweni yezono. Oku kubonakalisa umdla onyanzelekileyo karhulumente wokukhusela abantwana ekuxhatshazweni nasekuxhatshazweni.

Yithiye Intetho Nendlela Ephosakeleyo: Umhlaba Osemthethweni Ontsonkothileyo

Enye yezona ndawo zithanda ukulwayo zomthetho wenkululeko yokuthetha iquka ukuthiya intetho, ukugxeka, okanye ukukhuthaza intiyo kubantu okanye amaqela asekelwe kwiimpawu ezifana nesizwe, ubuhlanga, ubufanasini, imbonakalo yesondo, okanye ukukhubazeka. Ukunyangwa okusemthethweni kwentetho yentiyo kuyahluka kakhulu kumazwe awahlukeneyo kwaye kuphakamisa imibuzo esisiseko emalunga nokuhlaziywa kwamalungelo, ukulingana, nokukhuselwa kocalucalulo.

EUnited States, intetho yentiyo idla ngokufumana ukhuseleko loMphetho-nkqubo wokuqala ngaphandle kokuba ibekwe kwenye yeendidi ezingakhuselekanga, njengezisongelo zokwenene, ukuphembelela ukuthatha inyathelo elisondeleyo lolwaphulo-mthetho, okanye ukulwa namazwi. INkundla ePhakamileyo ibisoloko ikholelwa ukuba urhulumente akanakukwazi ukunqanda ukuthetha ngenxa nje yokuba ibonisa intiyo, ihlazo, okanye ucaphukisa. Le ndlela ibonisa ukuzinikela kwimbono yokuba nxamnye nembono kunye nomgaqo othi isicombululo sentetho eyingozi sithetha into eninzi, asinyanzelisi.

Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuba intetho yentiyo ayinasiphelo. Nangona urhulumente engenakuyenza intetho yentiyo isekelwe kwimbono yakhe, intetho enjalo isenokuphumela ekugwetyweni kwentlalo, iziphumo zemisebenzi, okanye ityala loburhulumente kwiimeko ezithile. Ngaphezu koko, xa intetho yentiyo iwela ekuhlaselweni, kwizisongelo zokwenyaniso, okanye intshukumisa, iphulukana nokhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko.

Amanye amazwe amaninzi edemokhrasi enza ngendlela eyahlukileyo, emisela imithetho ephazamisa iintetho ezithile zentiyo. La mazwe aphikisa ngelithi ukulwa intetho ekhuthaza intiyo okanye ucalucalulo kuyimfuneko ukukhusela isidima soluntu, ukukhusela ugonyamelo kumaqela angenakhuseleko, nokukhuthaza umanyano phakathi kwendlela yokusebenza kwentlalo kunye nezithethe zezizwe ngezizwe kuyaqhubeka kubangela impikiswano ngomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokukhuselwa kwamazwi akhululekileyo.

Ukuthetha Ngokwahlukileyo: Apho Amalungelo Akho Asebenza Khona

Umlinganiselo wokhuseleko lwenkululeko yokuthetha uyahluka-hluka kuxhomekeka kumongo wentetho ekhoyo. Ukuqonda le nkcazelo icacisa ixesha nayiphi na inkululeko yokuthetha esetyenziswa kwimiqathango eyahlukeneyo.

Izithuba zikawonke-wonke nempahla karhulumente

Iindawo zombutho zoluntu eziqhelekileyo `njengezitrato, imimandla esecaleni, nepaki) ngokusuka embalini ziye zasetyenziselwa indibano nengxoxo kawonke-wonke, kwaye kulapho kuthethwa khona kufumana umgangatho ophakamileyo wokukhuselwa koMgaqo-nkqubo wokuqala. Urhulumente ungazimisela ixesha elifanelekileyo, indawo, nendlela ebekelwe imiqathango, kodwa ezi kufuneka zibe zezokwanelisa, ezilungiselelwe ngokulinganiselweyo ukwenzela ukunceda izilangazelelo zikarhulumente ezibalulekileyo, kwaye zishiye eminye imijelo yonxibelelwano evulekileyo.

Iindawo zokungcelele ezicwangcisiweyo ngurhulumente ovulelwe ngabom ukwenza umsebenzi ocacileyo, njengeeholo zoluntu okanye imimandla yaseyunivesithi.

Iindawo zolawulo zikarhulumente ezimiliselweyo ziimpahla zikarhulumente ezivulelwe iinjongo ezithile okanye amaqela athile. Urhulumente angamisela intetho kwimixholo ehambelana nenjongo ye-folum, kodwa ucalulo lwembono lusalelwe.

Iindawo zokulwa ezingezizo ezomphakathi ziquka izinto zikarhulumente ezingasetyenziswayo ngokwesithethe okanye ezingavulelwanga ngabom ukubonakalisa uwonke-wonke. Urhulumente unesibanzi esikhulu sokuthintela intetho kwezi ndawo, xa isonkathiso sifanelekile kwaye asisebenzi.

Iziko Lemfundo

Amalungelo okuthetha ngokukhululekileyo kwimfundo abandakanya ukulungelelanisa inkululeko ekhethekileyo nezilangazelelo zoburhulumente ekulondolozeni ucwangco nokuphumeza iinkonzo zemfundo. Iiyunivesithi zikawonke-wonke, njengemibutho yoorhulumente, kufuneka ngokuqhelekileyo ziwahlonele amalungelo okuQala uLawulo oluHlazisiweyo, nangona zisenokumisela ixesha, indawo, nendlela yokulawula imiqathango kunye nokulawula intetho ephazamisa kakhulu imisebenzi yemfundo.

IK-12 izikolo zikawonke-wonke zinegunya eliphangaleleyo lokulawula intetho yabafundi, ingakumbi xa isenzeka emakholijini okanye kwimisebenzi yesikolo. Iinkundla ziyaqonda ukuba izikolo zifuna ukulungelelanisa ugcino-lwazi nokukhusela imekobume yemfundo, nangona abafundi benga "awayeki amalungelo abo omgaqo-siseko kwinkululeko yokuthetha okanye yokuthetha kwisango lendlu yesikolo."

Amaziko emfundo yabucala awanyanzelekanga kuMthetho Wokuqala Wokwenziwa, nangona abaninzi ngokuzithandela benikela imigaqo yokuthetha neyamazwe athile enikela ukhuseleko olungakumbi kubafundi kwiikholeji zabucala.

Emsebenzini

Abaqeshi basekuhlaleni banegunya eliphangaleleyo lokulawula ukuthethwa kwabasebenzi, yaye uMphengululo Wokuqala awukuthinteli ukuqeqesha okanye ukuphelisa abasebenzi ukuze bathethe. Noko ke, imithetho eyahlukahlukeneyo iyayikhusela intetho yasemsebenzini, kuquka ukuvalwa kwemithetho yokuziphindezela ukufungqwa kwempendulu, ukukhuselwa kokuxubusha ngemivuzo neemeko zokusebenza phantsi komthetho wengqesho, nemimiselo echasene nokungalawuleki enokuthi imisele abaqeshi ukusabela kwintetho ethile yomqeshwa.

Abasebenzi bakawonke wonke banandipha ukhuseleko olungakumbi lwenkululeko yokuthetha xa bethetha njengabemi kwimicimbi exhalabisa uluntu ngokubanzi, nangona la malungelo ekufuneka alungelelaniswe kwiinjongo zikarhulumente njengomqeshi ekukhuthazeni ukusebenza kakuhle nasekulondolozeni imvisiswano emsebenzini.

Izixhobo zobugcisa zengingqi kunye nezonxibelelwano

Iminyaka yobuzwe ibangele imibuzo emitsha ngenkululeko yokuthetha kwi-intanethi. Iinkampani zezentlalo, azibotshelelwanga kuMphetho Wokuqala wesiHlomelo yaye zisenokumisela eyazo imigaqo engaphakathi, ii-ofisi ezisebenzisa umsebenzi ofanelekileyo, zisuse okanye zibeke imiqathango engqubana neenkonzo zazo.

Noko ke, iingxoxo ziyaqhubeka enoba imigaqo yokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ifanele isebenze kumaziko akwi - Internet asebenza njengeendawo zikawonke-wonke zentetho nengxoxo. Abanye baphikisa ngelithi amandla aphakamileyo eenkampani ezinkulu zobugcisa ukulawula ikhompyutha afuna ukuba abantu bathethe ngendlela entsha, ngoxa abanye bephikisa ngelithi ukunyanzela iqonga labucala ukuba lifumane umxholo oza kuphazamisa amalungelo azo okuQala UMthetho - melo.

Iziganeko zakutshanje ezingomthetho ziye zahlolisisa enoba amagosa karhulumente ayawonakalisa kusini na uMphetho Wokuqala ngokuvala abemi kwimithombo yezonxibelelwano, enoba amaqonga ayangenelela kusini na xa echaza oko kufunwa ngurhulumente, nendlela yokulungelelanisa inkululeko yokuzilawula nxamnye namalungelo abantu abasebenzisayo.

Imbono Yamazwe Ngamazwe Ngenkululeko

Ngoxa inkululeko yokuzichaza igqalwa njengelungelo lomntu elisisiseko ehlabathini lonke, amazwe awahlukeneyo alungelelanisa eli lungelo nxamnye nezilangazelelo zokukhuphisana ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukuqonda ezi mbono zizwenibanzi kunikela ingqiqo exabisekileyo yokuxabisa amandla nokusikelwa umda kwendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthetha.

ISibhengezo soMhlaba samaLungelo aBantu, esamkelwa yiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngowe-1948, siyaqonda ukuba "Wonk ’ ubani unelungelo lenkululeko yoluvo nentetho" kwaye eli lungelo liquka "inkululeko yokuba neembono ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa nokufuna, ukufumana nokudlulisela ulwazi neengcamango nangayiphi na imithombo-ndaba nangayiphi na imida". Ngokufanayo, uMvumelwano wezizwe ngezizwe ongowesizwe ongowesizwe nowesizwe ukhusela inkululeko yokuthetha ngelinye intetho ngelixa uvuma ukuba imele imigaqo ethile efunekayo ukuhlonela amalungelo abanye okanye ukukhusela ukhuseleko loluntu, ulungelelwano lwentlalo, okanye ulungelelwano lwezentlalo-wonke.

Amazwe aseYurophu asoloko enikela ukhuseleko olunamandla lokuthetha ngoxa esazi ukuba zininzi izizathu zokuthintela ukuthethwa kwentetho kunokuba iUnited States ikuvumela. Amazwe amaninzi aseYurophu ayalwa ukuchaswa kwentiyo, ukubulawa kwabantu ngokubulawa kooPostrianism, nokucalucalulo, ukubonakalisa amava embali eenkqubo zolawulo nolokutshatyalaliswa kohlanga. IConvention on Human Rights ikhusela inkululeko yokuthetha kodwa ivumela imiqathango efunekayo kwibutho ledemokhrasi ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukukhusela ukungalungelelani okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukukhusela impilo okanye ukuziphatha okuhle, nokukhusela amalungelo nodumo lwabanye.

Ukufikelela kweKhanada kulungelelaniso lwamalungelo okuchaza ngokukhululekileyo phantsi kweTshata yamaLungelo nenkululeko ngokuchasene nemida elungeleleneyo enokuthi "igwetywe ngokungenakugwetyelwa kwibutho elikhululekileyo neledemokhrasi". Umthetho waseKhanada uyalwalela ezinye iintlobo zentetho yentiyo kwaye unika ukhuselo olugqithisileyo kunezomthetho wase-U.S., ubonakalisa imigwebo eyahlukeneyo malunga nendlela yokulinganisa intetho echasene namanye amaxabiso.

Amazwe amaninzi anezithethe ezingephi zedemokhrasi amisela imiqathango ebalulekileyo ekuvakaliseni ngokukhululekileyo, ekucutheni ukungavisisani kwezobupolitika, ekulawuleni amajelo eendaba, nasekubohlwayeni ukugxekwa korhulumente okanye kwamaziko onqulo.

Isizathu Sokuba Kubaluleke Inkululeko Yokuthetha: Imisebenzi Ebalulekileyo Yokuthetha

Ukuqonda isizathu sokuba inkululeko yokuthetha ifanelwe yinkuselo njengelungelo elisisiseko kuyanceda ukucacisa ukuba iinkundla neentlanga ezilungeleleneyo zizama ukubetha phakathi kwenkululeko ecacileyo nezinye izilangazelelo ezibalulekileyo. Inkululeko yokuthetha ifeza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo kwibutho ledemokhrasi, nganye ifak-negalelo kwinkululeko yomntu ngamnye, ukuzixhasa ngokwentlalo kunye nenkqubela yentlalo.

Ukwandisa i-Democratic Governance

Ulawulo-demokhrasi luxhomekeke ekuthabatheni inxaxheba kommi onolwazi ekwenzeni izigqibo ezimanyeneyo. Inkululeko yokuthetha yenza abavoti bave iimbono ezahlukahlukeneyo kwimibandela kawonke-wonke, bavavanye izicelo zemigaqo ekhuphisanayo, bagxeke amagosa karhulumente kunye nezenzo, baze benze ukhetho olunolwazi kwibhokisi yeloti. Ngaphandle kokhuseleko olunamandla lokuthetha, abemi abanako ukukwazi ukubeka abameli babo ngaphaya kwecala okanye bathabathe inxaxheba ngokunentsingiselo kulawulo lolawulo lwedemokhrasi.

Intetho yezobupolitika `ingcinezelo enxulumene norhulumente, nonyulo, kunye nemicimbi kawonke-wonke] yamkela eyona migangatho iphezulu yokhuselo loMphetho wokuqala ngenxa yokuba ibalulekile ekuzilawuleni kwedemokhrasi. Ukukwazi ukugxeka abo banegunya, ukuxhasa utshintsho lwezobupolitika, nokuphikisana ngolwalathiso lwebutho labantu kumela injongo engundoqo yamalungelo okuthetha ngokukhululekileyo.

Ukufumana Inyaniso Ngempikiswano Evulekileyo

"Indawo yentelekelelo yeengcamango" ikholelwa ukuba inyaniso ivela kukhuphiswano lweengcamango ezikhululekileyo, ezicace gca. Xa iimbono ezahlukeneyo zinokubonakaliswa kwaye zicetyiswe, iingcamango ezivakalayo zidla ngokubonakala ixesha ngeli lixa iimpikiswano ezibububungozi zibhencwa kwaye zigatywa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iCenshopship, ithintela le nkqubo yokuvavanya kunye nomngcipheko ofaka inkohliso okanye ukuthintela ukufunyanwa kwezicombululo ezingcono kwiingxaki zentlalo.

Le ngqiqo yokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo iyaqonda ukuba akukho mntu okanye siko linegunya kwinyaniso nokuba kwaneengcamango ezihlasimlisayo okanye ezibonakala ziphosakele zinokuqulatha iindyebo zengqiqo okanye ukucatshukiswa ngokukhawulezileyo kweenkolelo ezamkelekileyo. Njengoko uJohn Stuart Mill waphikisayo kwi "Onke," ekhupha nayiphi na imbono ephazamisa uluntu ithuba lokutshintshana nempazamo yenyaniso okanye ukufumana imbono ecacileyo necacileyo yenyaniso ngokungqubana kwayo nempazamo.

Ukukhuthaza ukuzanelisa okuzenzekelayo nokuzidilizisa

Ngapha koko kusetyenziswa kwayo kwidemokhrasi kunye nokufuna inyaniso, ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo kubaluleke njengenkalo yesidima nenkululeko yomntu. Ukwazi ukuchaza iingcamango, iinkolelo, kunye nokuzichaza kusisiseko kwinkcubeko yomntu ngamnye. Intetho ibeka abantu njengezinto ezinokukwazi ukuyila nokunxibelelana neembono zabo.

Olu thethelela lusekelwe kwinkululeko yokuthetha lugxininisa ukuba abantu bafanele bakhululeke ukuba bathethe kungekuphela nje ngenxa yokuba ukwenjenjalo kusebenza kusukelo lwabo bonke, kodwa kuba inkululeko ecacileyo ibalulekile ukuze baphile ubomi obupheleleyo kwaye bakhulise ubuchule neempawu zabo.

Ukuhlangabezana Neenguqu Nenkqubela Yoluntu

Ukutyhubela imbali, inkqubela yentlalo iye yaxhomekeka kubuchule bokwenza iinguqu, abaxhasi kunye nabavukeli bocelomngeni lokucel ’ umngeni amarhamente kunye nokuxhasa iinguqu. Ukhuseleko lwenkululeko yokuthetha lunceda amaqela aphantsi ukuba athethe izikhalo, asungule imigaqo yokusesikweni, kwaye ekugqibeleni aguqule ibutho labantu. I-Ideas ekhe yabonakala ingqongqo okanye iyingozi ngokuphelisa ubukhoboka, ukuvota amalungelo asekuhlaleni kumabhinqa, okanye ukugqala amalungelo abantu ngokwendlela iLBBTQ abantu abamkele ngayo amalungelo okuthetha ngenkululeko.

Ukukhusela intetho ephikisayo nengathandwayo kubalulekile kanye kuba uqhekeko lwanamhlanje lungaba yinkqubo yonqulo ngomso. Iingingqi ezithintela ukungavumelani nokunyanzelisa ukungqinelana, ngeli xesha ezo zikhusela inkululeko ecacileyo zidala indawo yokuhlaziya, yokuguqula kunye nokuqhelanisa neemeko ezitshintshayo.

Ukukhangela Amandla Karhulumente Nokukhusela Ugonyamelo

Ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo kusebenza njengendlela ebalulekileyo yokuhlola igunya likarhulumente nokuxhatshazwa. Ubuchule bokugxeka amagosa, ukubhenca urhwaphilizo nokulungelelanisa inkcaso kuthintela ukugxininiswa kwegunya elingathintelwanga kwaye kunceda abantu baqhubeke benoxanduva. Imbali ibonisa ukuba urhulumente olawula ngempatho ephantsi kwegunya usoloko evala inkululeko yokuzimela amandla nokuchasa.

Lo msebenzi uhlaziywe ucacisa isizathu sokuba ukhuseleko lwenkululeko yokuthetha lujolise ekuthinteleni ukukhangelwa kolawulo lukarhulumente kunokulawula ihambo yangasese. Ngoxa abadlali babucala benobuchule obubalulekileyo bokulawula imbonakalo kwiimeko ezithile, ngurhulumente kuphela onegunya lomanyano kunye nowongamelelo lwamandla afanelekileyo abangela ukuba ukuhlalutya imvume kuyingozi ngokukhethekileyo kwinkululeko.

Ukuwasebenzisa Ngobuchule Amalungelo Akho Okuthetha

Nangona kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela ekumele kuthethwe ngayo amalungelo okuthetha, ukuwasebenzisa ngenkathalo loo malungelo kufuna ukuba uqwalasele imida esemthethweni neembopheleleko ezingokomthetho. Ukuba nelungelo elisemthethweni lokuthetha into ethile akuthethi ukuba kukulumka, kuyakha okanye kufanelekile.

Yazi Imida Esemthethweni

Ziqhelanise neendidi zokuthetha okungakhuselekanga kwaye uqonde ukuba intetho ingadlula nini kwimida esemthethweni. Kuphephe ukwenza izisongelo zokwenene, ukuphembelela ukuchasana nomthetho, okanye ukunyelisa. Qaphela ukuba umongo wemeko--------"speech ekhuselwe kwipaki kawonke-wonke isenokungakhuselwa kwindawo yomsebenzi okanye kwisikolo.

Cinga Ngempembelelo Yamazwi Akho

Ukukhusela okusemthethweni ngentetho akuyiphelisi imiphumo yokuziphatha okunokubangelwa yintetho. Cinga ngendlela amazwi akho anokubachaphazela ngayo abanye, ingakumbi abantu okanye amaqela asengozini. Ngoxa unelungelo lokuthetha iimbono eziphikisayo okanye ezicaphukisayo, ukusebenzisa ilungelo elilungileyo kusenokulonakalisa ulwalamano lwakho, libangele ukuba ungcoliswe, okanye libangele abanye babe nengxwabangxwabangxwaba.

Yiba Nabantu Abanokholo Oluhle

Amalungelo akho okuthetha ngokukhululekileyo anegalelo ngokwakhayo kwintetho yesidlangalala kunokuba ucebise okanye uthobe abanye.

Khusela Amalungelo Abanye Okuthetha

Ukukhusela inkululeko yokuthetha kufuna ukukhusela amalungelo abo ungavumelani nabo.

Qonda Imithetho Eninzi

Xa usebenzisa ijelo-nkqubo lezentlalo okanye ezinye iinqanaba zabucala, ziqhelanise neemfuno zazo zenkonzo kunye nemigaqo yoluntu. Ngoxa ezi qonga zingenakulwaphula amalungelo akho okuQala uHlaziyo, zinokunyanzelisa imigaqo yazo engaphakathi, kwaye ukwaphula le mithetho kungaphumela ekususweni okanye ekukhutshelweni kwengxelo.

Iingxaki Zokuthetha

Kule mihla, abantu bajamelana nenkululeko yokuthetha, nto leyo efuna bahlale bephaphile yaye befuna ukusabela ngendlela esengqiqweni ukuze bakhusele inkululeko yabo ngoxa bethetha ngezinto ezifanelekileyo ezinokubenza bazive bekhathazekile.

Inkcazelo

Ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwenkcazelo yobuxoki ngejenali yezentlalo-ntle nangezikhundla ze-intanethi kubangela ucelomngeni olubalulekileyo kwintetho yedemokhrasi nakwimpilo kawonke-wonke. Nangona ukulwa nenkcazelo ephosakeleyo kubalulekile, ukwenza oko ngobuchule bokuhlola imicimbi enzulu yorhulumente kuphakamisa inkxalabo enzulu yokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo. Ukulungelelanisa imfuneko yokuthetha iingcamango eziyingozi nxamnye neengozi zokufumana inyaniso kurhulumente ukuze ufumane inyaniso kuselucelomngeni oluqhubekayo.

Iindlela zokuthetha iimpazamo kuquka ukukhuthaza ukufundwa kwezixhobo zekhompyutha, ukuxhasa amanyathelo okukhangela inyaniso, ukukhuthaza iqonga lokubonisa umlinganiselo wolwaneliseko, nokuphikisa intetho yobuxoki ngolwazi oluchanekileyo kunokuba kuphandwe.

Ukukhathazwa Nokuxhatshazwa Kunxibelelwano

Ukuncokola ngamanani kuye kwanceda abantu abaxhaphaza abanye, kuquka amaphulo alungelelanisiweyo okuxhaphaza, i-doxing (ukuvakalisa inkcazelo yabucala), nokuhlasela ngokuqhubekayo abantu abanokuwathulisa ngokufanelekileyo amaxhoba baze bawaqhubele kwi-intanethi. Ukuthetha ngokuwahlukumeza ngoxa kukhuselwa ngamazwi afanelekileyo kufuna ucoselelo ukuze kwahlulwe umahluko phakathi kwentetho ekhuselekileyo nesoyikiso, ukuwahlasela okanye ukuwakhuthaza.

Rhoxisa iNkcubeko kunye neziphumo zeNtlalo

Iingxubusho ezimalunga "nesithethe sengingqi" zibonisa ukungavisisani phakathi kwamalungelo okuthetha ngokukhululekileyo kunye nokuziphendulela ngokwentlalo. Ngoxa abantu kunye nemibutho inelungelo lokugxeka intetho abayifumanisa ingamkeleki kwaye yenza izigqibo zokuba ngubani abanokunxulumana naye okanye baxhase, amaxhala abakho xa ingcinezelo yoluntu ibangela impembelelo eyothusayo kwintetho esemthethweni okanye xa ukulungelelana kulahlekile phakathi kwentetho erhabaxa neziphumo.

Ukuze ulwele le mibandela kufuneka wahlule phakathi kokugxeka okufanelekileyo nokuziphendulela, yaye umgudu wokuthintela ukuthetha okanye ukohlwaya umele uphoxe intetho evulekileyo.

Ingeniso Nento Engathethekiyo Karhulumente

Ubuchule obukhulu bokuhlola obusetyenziswa ngurhulumente bungabangela abantu bangabi naluvalo lokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ngokwenza abantu bangabi namdla wokuvakalisa iimbono eziphikisanayo okanye banxulumane nezizathu ezingathandwayo ukuba boyika ukugadwa. Ukukhusela inkululeko yokuthetha ngexesha lamanani kufuna ingqalelo kumalungelo obuqu kunye nemiqathango ekuphathweni okungathinteli ukuthethwa okufanelekileyo.

Amandla eplatform kunye nomlinganiselo wokuqulathiweyo

Ukuxinana kwentetho ye - Internet kwiiplatfomu ezincinane kubangela ukuba ezi nkampani zabucala zikwazi ukutshintsha iingxoxo zabantu ngokubanzi ngezigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Imibuzo ephathelele ukuba mhlophe, ukungaguquguquki nokuziphendulela kwiqonga, kwaneengxoxo zokuba zilawulwa kusini na yaye zinokulawulwa njani ezi zigqibo, ithetha ngocelomngeni oluqhubekayo lokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ngexesha lamanani.

Iindlela Ezisebenzisekayo Zokuxhasa Nokuthetha

Ukukhusela nokukhuthaza inkululeko yokuthetha kufuna ukuba abemi bathembisene, kungekhona nje ukuvuma ukukhuselwa ngokusemthethweni. Nazi iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuxhasa ukuthetheka ngokukhululekileyo kuluntu lwakho nakubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla:

  • Hlala usazi ngemiba yokuthetha ekhululekileyo: Landela inkqubela kumthetho wenkululeko yokuthetha, qonda iingxoxo zangoku, kwaye uzifundise ngomda kunye nemida yenkululeko echazayo
  • Icandelo kwintetho yesidlangalala: Ziqhelise amalungelo akho okuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ngokuba nenxaxheba kwiingxoxo zasekuhlaleni, ukuya kwiintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke, ukubhalela amagosa anyuliweyo, kwaye ubandakanye ilizwi lakho kwiingxoxo ezibalulekileyo
  • Ubundishowuni obuzimeleyo bomjelo-ndaba noondaba abahlukeneyo: Umatshini wokushicilela wasimahla ubalulekile kwintetho yesidlangalala enolwazi, ngoko ke uxhasa ubumendo bomgangatho ngokuzibophelela, ngeminikelo, okanye ukwabelana ngengxelo ethembekileyo
  • Phendula Ilungelo lokuthetha: Thetha xa ubona imigudu yokucinezela intetho esemthethweni, naxa ungavumelani neembono eziboniswayo
  • Yenza izithuba zencoko:[ imeko- bume yefostiki apho abantu abaneembono ezahlukeneyo banokuthatha inxaxheba kwincoko nengxoxo ehloniphekileyo
  • fundisa imigaqo yokuthetha ekhululekileyo: nceda abanye, ingakumbi abantu abaselula, bakuqonda ukubaluleka kokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nendlela yokusebenzisa la malungelo ngokufanelekileyo
  • Imibutho ye-Support ekhusela inkululeko yokuthetha: Imibutho emininzi yenkululeko yamakhaya isebenza ukukhusela inkululeko ecacileyo ngokukhuselwa, ukukhuthuzwa, ukulawulwa kwesizwe, kunye nemfundo
  • Ziqhelise ukuthobeka kobulumko: Ukuqonda imida yolwazi lwakho kwaye uhlale uvulekile ekubongozeni, ufuzisela uhlobo lokuganana okuphandle okwenza ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo kube luncedo
  • ibala lentetho eyingozi ngentetho engcono: Kunokufuna ukuthulisa iimboniselo ozifumanayo ezingalunganga, phendula ngempikiswano nesiqinisekiso
  • Imigudu yokuxhasa ukwenza urhulumente neqonga izigqibo zobungcathu ezicace gca nezinetyala

Izinto Ezinokusinceda Sifunde Okungakumbi Ngenkululeko Yokuthetha

Abo banomdla wokuyiqonda ngakumbi inkululeko yokuthetha, oovimba abaninzi banikela inkcazelo exabisekileyo, uhlalutyo neembono ezisisiseko kweli lungelo lisisiseko.

IZiko loMgqibo woLuhlu loQoqosho oluQhubekekileyo kwiSiko leFreedom Forum Institute linikela ubuncwane bokufundisa, iindaba, kunye nohlalutyo ngenkululeko yokuthetha kunye neminye imibandela yokuQala uMmiselo. Iwebhsayithi yabo inika iingcaciso ezifikelelekayo zomthetho wenkululeko yokuthetha kunye neempikiswano zamaxesha angoku.

I- ye-American Liberties Union (ACLU) inembali ende yokukhusela amalungelo okuthetha ngokukhululekileyo kwiindidi zezobupolitika kwaye inika ubuncwane obuninzi kwimiba yokuchaza ngokukhululekileyo kwi http:///wwww.aclu.org

[[NTL:0] I-Electronic Foundation igxininisa kwimiba yokuthetha ekhululekileyo kumongo wamanani, inika ubuncwane kwinkcazelo ye-intanethi, iqonga, kunye nobungcathu be-odonga bukarhulumente kwi-https//wwww.ff.org.

Amaziko afundisayo kunye nemibutho esemthethweni inikela uhlalutyo lophando lophando lwemiba yokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo, kuquka i- kubusuku Bokuqala Uhlaziyo kwiYunivesithi yeColumbia, eqhuba uphando kunye nokucaciswa kwiingxaki zokuthetha zale mihla.

Izigqibo zeNkundla ePhakamileyo zinikela iinkcazelo ezigunyazisayo zoMmiselo Wokuqala Wokuziphatha, yaye ukufunda amatyala abalulekileyo kusenza siqonde indlela imigaqo yenkululeko yokuthetha eye yaguquka ngayo. Amatyala angundoqo aquka iBrandenburg v.O., iNew York Times Co. Sullivan, iTexas kunye nePnyder, kunye nezinye ezininzi.

Ikamva Lokuthetha Ngenkululeko: Iimpikiswano Ezingapheliyo Nemibandela Elandelayo

Njengoko ubugcisa, uluntu neendlela zonxibelelwano zitshintsha, yenza okufanayo neengxaki nemibuzo enxulumene nenkululeko yokuthetha.

[[UMTL: 0] ubukrelekrele obunokwenziwa kunye nesixhobo sokugcina ulwazi sokwenziwa iphakamisa imibuzo emitsha malunga nendlela yokuphendula amakhefu anzulu, imbali e-Al, kunye nendalo eququzelelweyo ezenzekelayo ngeli lixa ikhusela ukusetyenziswa okusemthethweni kobu bugcisa ukuchaza kunye nobuchule bokwenza izinto.

I-Internet ulawulo lwe- lunika imingeni njengoko amazwe ahlukeneyo eqinisekisa imigangatho yolawulo kwi-intanethi, edala ungquzulwano phakathi kwezithethe ezikhululekileyo zokuthetha kunye nemigudu yokunyanzelisa imithetho yasekuhlaleni ngaphaya kwemida.

Ulwandiso lwe-algalithmic promplic luphakamisa imibuzo yokuba amaqonga amele aphendule njani na ngemithetho-siseko yokuthetha ekhuthazayo, nokuba akakwenzi okanye akalingani ngqo oko kuqulethweyo.

Imibandela yentetho enyanzelisayo iyaqhubeka iguquka, kuquka iingxoxo zokuba oorhulumente bangayifuna na iqonga ukuba bafumane intsingiselo, nokuba abantu ngabanye banokunyanzeleka ukuba basebenzise isigcimi-mfono esithile okanye badlulise imiyalezo ethile, kwaye balungelelanise njani imigaqo echasene nocalucalulo nenkululeko yokuchaza.

ukhuseleko lobuzwe kunye nobugrogrisi lubangela uxinezeleko oluqhubekayo phakathi kokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo kunye nemigudu yokunqanda ugonyamelo, ingakumbi malunga nokupheliswa kwe-intanethi kunye noqhankqalazo.

Le miba neminye esandul ’ ukuvela iya kufuna ukucingisiswa nzulu ngendlela yokusebenzisa imigaqo yenkululeko yokuthetha ehlala ihleli kwiimeko ezintsha ngoxa uhlala uthembekile kwimilinganiselo esisiseko eyenza inkululeko ecacileyo ifanele ikhuselwe.

Isiphelo: Ukubaluleka Okuqhubekayo Kokukhusela Indlela Yokuthetha

Inkululeko yokuthetha ihlala ilelinye lamalungelo abalulekileyo kuluntu lwedemokhrasi, inceda umntu ngamnye azimele, azenzele ulawulo, asukele inyaniso, kunye nenkqubela-phambili yentlalo. Nangona eli lungelo lingaphelelanga kwaye kufuneka lilungelelaniswe nezinye izilangazelelo ezibalulekileyo, ukhuseleko lwalo lufanelwe luzikhusela ngokuphandle nxamnye nolawulo lukarhulumente kunye nemigudu yangasese yokuthintela ukuchazwa okusemthethweni.

Ukuqonda ukuba inkululeko yokuthetha ithetha ntoni, kuquka umgangatho wayo kunye nemida yayo, “‘ namandla abantu okusebenzisa eli lungelo ngenkathalo ngoxa bewahlonela amalungelo abanye. Njengokuba kuvela ubugcisa obutsha kunye neengxaki zentlalo, imigaqo esisiseko ekhusela inkululeko yokuthetha iyaqhubeka isebenza, njengokuba ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwimo-mongo ecacileyo kuqhubeka kuzenzekela.

Ngokuhlala eyazi ngemibandela yokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo, ukuba nenxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwintetho yesidlangalala, ukuthethelela amalungelo abanye, nokuba nenxaxheba ngokucinga ngeembono ezahlukeneyo, umntu ngamnye unokuba negalelo ekulondolozeni ibutho labantu elichwayitileyo, elivula inkululeko yokuthetha ebangela ukuba ikwazi ukukwazi ukuyisebenzisa. Ilungelo lokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo linembopheleleko yokusebenzisa loo nkululeko ngobulumko, ukuphulaphula abanye, nokukhusela umgaqo wokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo kwanaxa usenza oko kunzima okanye ungathandwa.

Kwixesha lenguqulelo ekhawulezileyo nokuqhekeka okunzulu, ukukhusela inkululeko yokuthetha kufuna ukuzibophelela ngemigaqo esisiseko nokuqhelanisa neengxaki ezintsha. Ikamva lokuzichaza lixhomekeke kubemi abakuqondayo ukubaluleka kwayo, abayisebenzisa kakuhle, baze bahlale bekulungele ukuyikhusela onke amalungu ebutho labantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba banembono okanye bajonga ntoni.